美国名人 女权运动领袖 苏珊·布朗奈尔·安东尼.docx

美国名人女权运动的著名领袖苏珊布朗奈尔安东尼SusanB.Anthony:SheFoughtforU.S.Women'sRighttoVoteplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:00repeatByShelleyGollust2005-7-30(MUSIC)VOICEONE:PeopleinAmerica,aprograminSpecialEnglishontheVoiceofAmerica.Intheeighteen-fifties,womenintheUnitedStatesbegantotrytogainthesamerightsasmen.Onewomanwasaleaderinthecampaigntogainwomentherighttovote.mStanBusby.VOICETWO:AndmShirleyGriffith.Todaywetellaboutafighterforrightsforwomen,SusanB.Anthony.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Inseventeenseventy-six,anewnationdeclareditsfreedomfromBritain.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasthedocumentwrittentoexpressthereasonsforseekingthatfreedom.Itstatedthatallmenwerecreatedequal.Itsaidthatallmenhadtherighttolife,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness.VOICETWO:NoteverycitizenofthenewUnitedStatesofAmericahadoneimportantright,however.Thatwastherighttovote.Atfirst,theonlypeoplepermittedtovoteintheUnitedStateswerewhitemenwhoownedpropertyandcouldread.Byeighteensixty,mostwhitemalecitizensovertheageoftwenty-onehadtherighttovote.TheFourteenthandFifteenthamendmentstotheConstitutiongaveblackmalecitizenstherighttovote.Theseamendmentswerepassedineighteensixty-eightandeighteenseventy.VOICEONE:WomenwerenotreallyfullcitizensinAmericaintheeighteenhundreds.Theyhadnoeconomicindependence.Forexample,everythingawomanownedwhenshegotmarriedbelongedtoherhusband.Ifamarriedwomanworked,themoneyshemadebelongedtoherhusband.Inaddition,womenhadnopoliticalpower.Theydidnothavetherighttovote.Intheeighteenfifties,womenorganizedinanefforttogainvotingrights.Theircampaignwascalledthewomen'ssuffragemovement.Suffragemeanstherighttovote.Americanwomensoughttogainthatrightformorethanseventyyears.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:OneoftheleadersofthemovementwasSusanB.AnthonyofMassachusetts.MissAnthonywasateacher.Shebelievedthatwomenneededeconomicandpersonalindependence.ShealsobelievedthattherewasnohopeforsocialimprovementintheUnitedStatesuntilwomenweregiventhesamerightsasmen.Therightsincludedtherighttovoteinpublicelections.VOICEONE:SusanB.Anthonywasbornineighteentwenty.HerparentsweremembersoftheQuakerreligion.Shebecameonetoo.TheQuakersbelievedthattherightsofwomenshouldbehonored.Theywerethefirstreligiousgroupwherewomensharedtheleadershipwithmen.VOICETWO:Asayoungwoman,Susanhadstrongbeliefsaboutjusticeandequalityforwomenandforblackpeople.Andshewasquicktospeakoutagainstwhatshebelievedwasnotjust.Manyyoungmenwantedtomarryher.Butshecouldnotconsidermarryingamanwhowasnotasintelligentasshe.Sheoncesaid:"Icanneverunderstandwhyintelligentgirlsshouldwanttomarryfoolsjusttogetmarried.Manyarewillingtodoso.ButIamnot."Shedidmeetsomeyoungmenwhowereintelligent.Butitalwaysseemedthattheyexpectedwomentobetheirservants,nottheirequals.VOICEONE:SusanB.AnthonybecameaschoolteacherinNewYorkstate.Sherealizedthatwomencouldneverbecomefullcitizenswithoutsomepoliticalpower.Theycouldnevergetsuchpoweruntiltheygottherighttovote.ShewentfromtowntotowninNewYorkstatetryingtogetwomeninterestedintheirrighttovote.Buttheydidnotseeminterested.MissAnthonyfeltthiswasbecausewomenwerenotabletodoanythingforthemselves.Theyhadnomoney,orpropertyoftheirown.Thestruggleseemedlongandhard.Shesaid:"AsIwentfromtowntotown,Iunderstoodmoreandmoretheevilwemustfight.Theevilisthatwomencannotchangeanythingaslongastheymustdependonmenfortheirverylives.Womencannotchangeanythinguntiltheythemselvesareindependent.Theycannotbefreeuntiltheyhavethelegalrighttoownpropertyandtokeepthemoneytheymakebyworking.,(MUSIC)VOICEONE:MissAnthonywenttoeverycity,townandvillageinNewYorkstate.Sheorganizedmeetingsinschools,churches,andpublicplaces.Everywhereshewent,shecarriedpamphletsurgingrightsforwomen.SheurgedthelawmakersofNewYorktochangethestatelawandgivewomentherighttoownproperty.HercampaigninNewYorkfailedatthattime.Butelsewherethestruggleforwomen'srightswasmakingprogress.VOICETWO:Ineighteenfifty-one,SusanB.AnthonymetElizabethCadyStanton.MissusStantonalsosupportedequalrightsforwomen.MissusStantonhadmanychildren.Sheneededtoremainathometoraiseherlargefamily.MissAnthonyzhowever;wasnotmarried.Shewasfreetotravel,tospeak,andtoorganizeforthewomen'srightsmovement.ThetwowomencooperatedinleadingthefighttogainrightsforwomenintheUnitedStates.TheirfirstimportantsuccesscameineighteensixtywhenNewYorkfinallyapprovedamarriedwoman'slaw.ForthefirsttimeinNewYork,amarriedwomancouldownproperty.And,shehadarighttothemoneyshewaspaidforworkshedid.Atlast,MissAnthony'scampaignwasbeginningtoshowresults.Thecampaignspreadtootherstates.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:TheendoftheAmericanCivilWarineighteensixty-fivefreedNegroesfromslavery.SusanB.Anthonyfeltthattherewasstillmuchtobedonetogetfullfreedom-forNegroesandalsoforwomen.ShebegantocampaignfortherightforNegroesandwomentovote.TheFourteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitutionwasapprovedineighteensixty-eight.ItgaveNegromentherighttovote.Butitdidnotgivewomentherighttovote.VOICETWO:SusanB.AnthonyledeffortstohavevotingrightsforwomenincludedintheFourteenthAmendmenttotheConstitution.Hereffortswerenotsuccessful.ThenMissAnthonydecidedtotestthelegalbasisoftheFourteenthAmendment.Shedidthisduringthepresidentialelectionofeighteenseventy-two.Onelectionday,MissAnthonyledagroupofwomentovoteinRochester;NewYork.Twoweekslater;MissAnthonywasarrested.Shewaschargedwithvotingalthoughshehadnolegalrighttodoso.VOICEONE:Beforehertrial,SusanB.AnthonytraveledaroundNewYorkstate.Shespoketomanygroupsabouttheinjusticeofdenyingwomentherighttovote.Shesaid:VOICETWO:"Ourdemocratic,republicangovernmentisbasedontheideathateverypersonshallhaveavoiceandavoteinmakingthelawsandputtingthemtowork.Itiswe,thepeople-allthepeople-notjustwhitemenormenOnlywhoformedthisnation.WeformedittogetlibertynotjustforhalfofUS-notjustforhalfofourchildren-butforall,forwomenaswellasmen,"Istherighttovoteanecessaryrightofcitizens?Tomymind,itisamostimportantright.Withoutitzallotherrightsarenothing."VOICEONE:SusanB.Anthonywastriedandfoundguiltyofviolatingthelaw.Shewasorderedtopayonehundreddollarsasapunishment.Shesaidthelawwaswrong.Sherefusedtopay.MissAnthonythenledeffortstogainvotingrightsforwomenthroughanewamendmenttotheConstitution.Shetraveledacrossthecountrytocampaignforsuchanamendmentuntilshewasseventy-fiveyearsold.Innineteen-oh-fou;shespoketoacommitteeoftheUnitedStatesSenateforthelasttime.ThecommitteewasdiscussingtheproposalforanamendmenttotheConstitutiongivingwomentherighttovote.Sheknewthevictorywouldcome.Butshealsoknewitwouldnotcomewhileshewasalive.VOICETWO:SusanB.Anthonydiedinnineteen-oh-sixattheageofeighty-six.Thirteenyearslater,innineteennineteen,CongresspassedtheNineteenthAmendmenttotheConstitution.Theamendmentstatedthattherighttovoteshallnotbedeniedbecauseofaperson'ssex.Theamendmenthadtobeapprovedbythree-fourthsofthestates.ItwonfinalapprovalonAugusttwenty-sixth,nineteentwenty.ItwascalledtheAnthonyAmendment,tohonorSusanB.Anthony.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mStanBusby.AndmShirleyGriffith.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.