美国名人 开发商 詹姆斯·罗斯.docx

美国名人开发商詹姆斯罗斯JamesRousewasalanddeveloperwhobuiltshoppingmallsandaplannedcitynearWashington,D.C.mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmFaithLapiduswithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutJamesRouse.HewasadeveloperwhofoundnewwaystoimproveAmericancities.(THEME)VOICEONE:Itwasagraydayinnineteenseventy-three.JamesWilsonRousegotoffatraininBoston,Massachusetts.Hehadcometoseeaveryoldbuildingthatwasalmostempty.MisterRouseownedacompanythatdevelopedproperty.Anotherofficialofthecompanywasonthattrip.Theofficialrememberedthatthebuildinglookedterrible.Partofitwasburnedout.Itwasfilledwithholeswhereratslived.Yet,theofficialsaid:"Jimwasveryhappy.Hesaiditwasgoingtobegreat.Themancouldseethingsnooneelsecouldsee."VOICETWO:ThedamagedbuildingJamesRousewasinspectingbecamethebeginningofBoston'sfamousFaneuilHall.Repairedandrebuilt,itisanimportantpartofahistoricculturalcenterforstores,ethnicfoodsandstreetperformers.Thecenterisdesignedtoshowlifeasitwasintheseventeenhundreds.MillionsofpeoplefromallovertheworldhavevisitedFaneuilHall.VOICETWO(CONT):FaneuilHallisjustoneofmany"festivalmarketplaces"thatJamesRousecreatedinthecentersofoldercities.Festivalmarketplacesarelargecentersforshopping,eatingandotherpleasantactivities.HebuiltothermajorcentersinNewYorkCity;Baltimore,MarylandandMiami,Florida.HarborplaceinBaltimoreisagoodexampleofJamesRouse'sfestivalmarketplaces.Intheseventeenhundreds,thelandonwhichtheHarborplacedevelopmentwasbuiltservedasatradecenterforBaltimore.ManyshipssailedtoandfromthisareaoftheeasternAmericanportcity.Overtheyears,however,thisbusy,successfulwaterfrontareachanged.Bythemiddleofthetwentiethcentury,businesseswerefailing.Manybuildingswereemptyandinneedofmajorrepair.TheBaltimorecitygovernmentdecidedtoestablishaplantore-buildthearea.Theplancalledforawaterfrontdevelopmentthatwouldcombinebusinessandpleasure.VOICETWO:JamesRouse'scompanywontherighttodeveloppartofthearea.TheprojectwastobecalledHarborplace.ThefirstpartofHarborplaceopenedinnineteeneighty.Laterinthenineteeneighties,theRouseCompanydevelopedanotherareacalledTheGalleryatHarborplace.Today,millionsofpeopleeachyearvisitHarborplaceandTheGalleryinBaltimore,Maryland.Theyshopandeatinmanystoresandrestaurants.Theywatchmusic,dancingandplaysperformednearthewater.Andtheyenjoythemixofpeopleandactivitiesthatbringsnewlifetothecenterofthatoldcity.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:JamesRousewasborninnineteenfourteen.HisfamilylivedinafarmingareaontheeasternshoreofMaryland.Hisfatherandmotherdiedwithinafewmonthsofeachotherinnineteenthirty.Theylefttheirfivechildrenwithoutmuchmoney.Theparentsowedabankalotofmoneyfortheirhouse.Sothebankwasforcedtotakeawaythefamilyhome.Jameswasabletofindajobtopayforhiscollegeeducation.HelatergraduatedfromtheUniversityofMarylandLawSchoolinnineteenthirty-six.HebeganworkingforabankinBaltimore.VOICETWO:Innineteenthirty-nine,JamesRouseandabanker,HunterMoss,borrowedtwenty-fivethousanddollars.Theyformedacompanythatlentmoneytopeoplewhowantedtobuyhomes.DuringWorldWarTwo,MisterRouseservedasanofficerintheNavyinthePacificarea.Afterthewar,hereturnedtoBaltimore.Hisbusinessgrew.Itrepresentedbanksandprovidedloanstopeoplereturningfromthewarwhowantedtobuyhomes.JamesRousebecamearichman.Duringtheearlynineteen-fifties,healsobecameknownforsocialactionaswellaspropertydevelopment.Hetriedtoimproveapoor,undevelopedareaineastBaltimore.ThemayorofthecitysaidhewouldnotOffercompletesupportforaplantorebuildthepoorarea.SoMisterRouseresignedfromacitizens'committeethatwassupportingtheplan.VOICEONE:Alsointhenineteenfifties,MisterRousebeganaprojectthatbroughthimnationalfame.HebeganbuildingsomeofthefirstenclosedshoppingcentersinAmerica.HebuiltalotoftheseshoppingmallsinMarylandandotherstates.Eachmallhadstoresandbusinessesinsidealargebuilding.Theywerebuiltoutsidecities,inthegrowinghousingareascalledsuburbs.JamesRousewantedtodeveloplandforthegoodofsocietyandtheenvironment,notjustforprofit.Inthenineteensixties,hedreamedofbuildingacompletenewcitybetweenWashington,D.C.andBaltimore,Maryland.HiscompanyboughttenpercentofthepropertyinHowardCounty,Maryland.Thecompanyboughtmorethanfifty-sevensquarekilometersoflandfromonehundredfortyseparateowners.VOICETWO:Innineteensixty-three,JamesRouseannouncedthathiscompanywouldhelpbuildanewplannedcommunity.Bycreatingseparatevillageswithinthecommunity,itwastoseemlikeasmalltown.Eachvillagewouldhaveashoppingcenter,openspacesandhomes.ThenewcommunityofColumbia,Marylandbeganinnineteensixty-seven.Today,morethanninety-fourthousandpeopleliveinthecity.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteenseventy-two,threemembersofaWashington,D.C.churchcametovisitJamesRouse.ThethreebelongedtotheChurchoftheSaviour;whereJamesandPatriciaRousehadbeenmarried.ThewomenaskedMisterRouseforadviceaboutcreatinghousingforpoorpeopleintheAdamsMorganareaofWashington.ButMisterRousethoughtpeoplewhoknewnothingaboutdevelopment,moneyorbuildingcouldnotpossiblycreatelow-incomehousing.VOICETWO:Thewomendidnotgiveuptheirgoal.Instead,theyinvestedmoneytobuytwoapartmenthousebuildingsinAdamsMorgan.Thebuildingswereinterriblecondition.MisterRousehelpedthemgetsixhundredtwenty-fivethousanddollarstocompletethedeal.Healsohelpedthemgetonehundredtwenty-fivethousanddollarstorepairthebuildings.Theirprojectwashuge.Peopleworkedfornopayforfiftythousandhourstorepairthebuildings.Workerscleanedoutgarbageandrats.Peoplealsogaveadditionalfinancialhelpfortherestoration.Morethanninehundredhousingviolationswerecorrected.Thecompletedprojectprovidedninetyapartmenthomesforpoorpeople.TheywerecalledJubileeHousing.VOICEONE:JamesandPatriciaRouseservedasadvisorsforJubileeHousing.MisterRouseretiredasheadofhisdevelopmentcompany.Then,innineteeneighty-two,theytookafurthersteptowardhelpingpoorandmiddle-incomepeople.Theyestablishedaneworganization,theEnterpriseFoundation.TheyusedprofitsfromMisterRouse'scompanytostartthefoundation.ItsgoalistogivepoorpeopleinAmericaachancetoliveinclean,pleasantplaces.Sincethen,theEnterpriseFoundationhasworkedwiththousandsofcommunitygroupsandotherorganizations.Eachyearitprovidesthousandsofneworre-builthomesforpoorandmiddle-incomefamilies.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ManyexpertssaythatJamesRousehelpedshapethelookoftheUnitedStatesforyearstocome.Innineteenninety-five,PresidentClintongavehimthePresidentialMedalofFreedom.Itisthehighestawardaciviliancanreceive.Hewashonoredforhisworkrestoringthecentralareasofcities.PresidentClintonsaidthatJamesRouse'slifewasbasedonastrongbeliefintheAmericanspirit.JamesRousediedinnineteenninety-six.ButtheworkoftheEnterpriseFoundationcontinueswithhelpfromfamilymembers.OneoftheseistheRouses'grandson,EdwardNorton,amovieactor.Hedevelopedaprojecttohelppoorpeopleheattheirhomes.Itisajointprojectwiththeorganizationhisgrandparentsestablished.TheinfluenceofJamesRousecontinuestodayinotherways.Developerscontinuetore-buildandimprovepoorareasofcities.AndmillionsofpeoplevisithistoriccenterslikeFaneuilHallandHarborplaceeveryyear.(THEME)ThisprogramwaswrittenbyJerilynWatson.LawanDaviswasourproducer.mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmFaithLapidus.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.(THEME)