美国名人 摄影师 爱德华·韦斯顿.docx

美国名人摄影师爱德华韦斯顿EdwardWeston,1886-1958:HeHelpedChangetheWayAmericansUnderstoodPhotographyplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:15repeatByMarioRitter2006-10-28VOICEONE:mMaryTillotson.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PEOPLEINAMERICA.Today,wetellabouttheAmericanphotographerEdwardWeston.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:EdwardWestonisoneofthemostrecognizedofallAmericanphotographers.Heisprobablymostresponsibleforhelpingpeopletoseephotographyasanartform.Today,artexpertsconsiderphotographerswhotookpictureslikeMisterWeston'stobepartoftheartmovementcalledModernism.ThekindofphotographsMisterWestontookarecalled"StraightPhotography."Nounusualeffectswereusedtochangetheimageofthesubject.Thephotographsappeartoshowrealityinapureandclearway.Yet,MisterWestondidnotalwaysusehiscameratotakepicturesthatway.Atfirst,hetookpicturesinfluencedbythepopularphotographsofhistime.Photographers,then,madepicturesthatdidnotappearsharpandclear.Instead,theyappeared"soft."Theyweresimilartopaintedpicturesthattriedtobebeautiful,notrealistic.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:EdwardWestonwasborninHighlandParkzIllinois,ineighteeneighty-six.Whenhewassixteen,hisfathergavehimoneoftheearlycamerasmadebytheKodakCompany.EdwardsoonshowedsomeofhisphotographsattheChicagoArtInstitute.Innineteen-oh-six,EdwardWestondecidedtomovewestwhereheworkedforarailroadcompany.HebrieflyreturnedtoChicagotostudyattheIllinoisCollegeofPhotography.But,hesoonreturnedtoCalifornia.HemarriedFloraChandlerinnineteen-oh-nine.Theylaterhadfoursons.VOICEONE:EdwardWestonownedastoreintheareaofGlendale,California.Hemadeandsoldpicturesofpeople.Healsohadsomeofhiswritingonphotographypublished.SeveralimportantphotographershemetinsouthernCaliforniainfluencedhim.ImogenCunninghamandMargretheMatherweretwoofthem.MizMatherworkedwithMisterWestononseveralpictures.MizCunninghampraisedMisterWeston'swork.ShegavemoralsupportthatledMisterWestontoseekoutotherphotographicinfluences.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:EdwardWestondecidedtotraveltoNewYorkCityinnineteentwenty-two.HewantedtomeetthemostinfluentialAmericanphotographersintheEast.Heexpectedtobepraisedbymembersoftheartisticcommunitythere.AlfredStieglitzwasthemostinfluentialphotographerintheUnitedStatesatthetime.HewasthereasonforMisterWeston'striptoNewYorkCity.HewasresponsibleforamagazinecalledCameraWorks.MisterStieglitzhelpedmanyofthephotographerswhoseworkheliked,includingPaulStrandandAnselAdams.AlfredStieglitzmetwithEdwardWestontwotimes.HedidnotsaythathelikedMisterWeston'swork.MisterStieglitzwouldpointtosomepartsofthepicturesheliked.Thenhewouldpointtosomethinghedidnotlike.VOICEONE:EdwardWestondiscoveredanartcommunityinNewYorkthathehadneverimaginedbefore.Hemetmanypeoplewho,today,arerecognizedasimportantAmericanphotographersandartists.OneofthemwasGeorgiaO'Keeffe.MizO'KeeffebecameoneofAmerica'smostfamouswomanpainters.MisterWestonsawsomeofherworkinNewYork.Hewrotethathewouldrememberitformanyyearstocome.EdwardWestonfeltgoodabouthisvisittoNewYork,althoughhewascriticizedthere.Hewrotetoafriendsayingthathisartisticsensewaschanging.HesaidAlfredStieglitzhadnotchangedhimonlyintensifiedhim.VOICETWO:ThephotographerAnselAdamssaidthatintheearlynineteentwentiesMisterWestonhadagrowingbusinesstakingpicturesofpeople.Yet,hegaveuphisbusinessandlefthisfamilytotraveltoaforeignland.InFebruaryofnineteentwenty-three,MisterWestonwrote,"IleaveforMexicoCityinlateMarchtostartlifeanew."MisterWestontraveledtoMexicowithTinaModotti.ThetwohaddevelopedarelationshipinLosAngeles.BothwereactiveintheartisticcommunityofsouthernCalifornia.TheyspentmostofthreeyearsinMexico.Atthetime,manyartistsandwritersweregatheringintheLatinAmericancountry.MisterWestondependedonMizModottiagreatdeal.Withherhelp,MisterWestonwasabletoexperienceaculturallifethatwascompletelyforeigntohim.HecouldnotspeakSpanish,soshehelpedhimcommunicate.Foratime,thetwohadbothaworkingandpersonalrelationship.MisterWestonagreedtoteachMizModottiphotography.Inreturn,sheranhisphotographybusinessandhelpedorganizeshows.VOICEONE:Soon,MizModottibecameawell-knownphotographeronherown.ThetwophotographersmetmanyfamousMexicanartistsduringtheirstay.PaintersDiegoRiveraandFridaKahlowereamongthem.MizModottiphotographedmanyofMisterRivera'swallpaintings.MisterWestonmadeoneofhisbest-knownpicturesbycapturingtheintenseexpressionofanotherMexicanpainter;JoseClementeOrozco.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:InMexico,EdwardWestonstartedtosharpenthe"StraightPhotography"wayoftakingpicturesthathehadbeguntodevelopbeforehistriptoNewYork.Hetookpicturesofpeoplehemetandofobjectsandbuildings.Hispicturesappearedtorepresentthetruenatureofhissubjects.Healsotookmanyphotographsofculturalobjectscalledfolkart.Atthattime,manyartistswerereconsideringtheimportanceoffolkart.Theybegantorealizethattraditionalformsofartareasimportanttocultureastheartthatnormallyisshowninmuseums.MisterWeston'sexperienceinMexicochangedhisideasaboutphotography.HereturnedtoCaliforniapermanentlyinnineteentwenty-sixtocontinuehisownwork.MizModottibecameinvolvedinpoliticalactivism.ShetraveledtoEuropetophotographtheriseofFascismtherebeforeshediedmysteriouslyinnineteenforty-two.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:AfterEdwardWestonreturnedfromMexicohebeganproducingfullydevelopedwork.Henowmadesimplephotographsthatweresharprepresentationsoftheirsubjects.Aseashellandavegetablecalledagreenpepperwerethesubjectsoftwoofhismostfamousphotographs.Theideahepresentedwasthatsimpleobjectsare,infact,beautifulforms.Hewouldoftentakepicturesofrocks,coastlines,vegetablelifeandeventheunclothedhumanbody.MisterWeston'sgoalwastocelebratethebeautyofshapes.VOICETWO:EdwardWeston'slifebegantochange.HismarriagetoFloraChandlerendedandhemarriedCharisWilson.TheymovedtoCarmelzCalifornia.MisterWestonspentalotoftimeatanearbyplaceonthecoastcalledPointLobos.Manyofhisbest-knownpicturesshowthebeautyoftherockycoastlineofnorthernCalifornia.Hispicturesoftenwereofunusualrockformations.Hisnewwife,Chariszwashismostimportantmodelduringthistime.Innineteenthirty-seven,MisterWestonreceivedthehighesthonorofhislifetime.HewasgiventhefirstGuggenheimFellowshipeverpresentedtoaphotographer.Theawardsignaledthatphotographerswerenowconsidered"seriousartists."(MUSIC)VOICEONE:EdwardWestoncontinuedtoworkthroughthenineteenthirtiesandforties.Yet,heneverearnedmuchmoney.HelivedinasmallhousethathissonsbuiltforhiminCarmelzCalifornia.Innineteenforty-five,hissecondwife,Charis,lefthim.MisterWestonhadtostopworkthreeyearslater.TheeffectsofParkinson'sdiseaseendedhisabilitytotakephotographsandprocessthem.Hissonstookcareofhimuntilhediedtenyearslaterinnineteenfifty-eight.VOICETWO:ExpertssaythatEdwardWestonhelpedchangethewayAmericansunderstoodphotography.Photographyhadbeenthoughtofmainlyasawaytorecordinformation.EdwardWestonshowedthatphotographersworkedtocapturethesameformsthatotherartistsdidintheirsearchforbeauty.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyMarioRitter.ItwasproducedbyCatyWeaver.mMaryTillotson.VOICETWO:AndI'mSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.