美国名人 总统 富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福.docx

美国名人总统富兰克林德拉诺罗斯福'HappyDaysAreHereAgain':FDR,OneofAmerica'sGreatestPresidentsplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:39repeatByShelleyGollust2005-6-18(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutoneofthegreatestAmericanpresidents,FranklinDelanoRoosevelt.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:FranklinDelanoRooseveltwasoneofthemostinfluentialpresidentsinAmericanhistory.Hewaselectedpresidentfourtimes.Heservedmorethantwelveyears,longerthananyotherpresident.Heledthenationthroughitsworsteconomiccrisis,andthroughoneofitsworstwars.FranklinRooseveltwasfirstelectedpresidentinnineteenthirty-two.AstheDemocraticcandidate,hedefeatedPresidentHerbertHoover.Americansweresufferingthroughaterribleeconomicdepression.Abouttwenty-fivepercentofAmericanworkershadlosttheirjobs.Theyhadnomoney.Theyhadnohope.Theywaitedinlonglinestoreceivefreefood.Americansdidnotknowifthenewpresidentcouldendtheeconomiccrisis.VOICETWO:Thenewpresident,FranklinRoosevelt,wasfifty-oneyearsold.HisfamilynamewaswellknowntotheAmericanpublic.TheodoreRoosevelt,adistantrelation,hadbeenpresidentoftheUnitedStatesthirtyyearsbefore.FranklinDelanoRooseveltwasbornineighteeneighty-twotoarichandimportantfamilyinHydePark,NewYork.HewastheonlychildofJamesandSaraRoosevelt.HismothertriedtocontrolFranklin'slifeaslongasshelived.Hisfathermadesurehissonhadthebestofeverything.ButhealsotaughtFranklinthatbeingrichbroughtwithittheresponsibilityofhelpingpeoplewhowerenotsolucky.VOICEONE:FranklinmarriedEleanorRooseveltinnineteen-oh-five.Theyweredistantrelations.Inthenextelevenyears,theyhadsixchildren.Innineteenten,MisterRooseveltwaselectedtotheNewYorkstatelegislature.Heshowedhehadgreatpoliticalskillsasastatesenator.HisnextjobwasinthefederalgovernmentasassistantsecretaryofthenavyunderPresidentWoodrowWilson.Theninnineteentwenty,hewastheDemocraticParty'sunsuccessfulcandidateforvicepresident.VOICETWO:Innineteentwenty-one,FranklinRooseveltsufferedapersonaltragedy.Hewaswithhisfamilyattheirsummerhome.Hebeganfeelingverytired.Thenhefeltseverepaininhisbackandlegs.Hecouldnotmove.Forweeks,hewasforcedtolieonhisback.Hisdoctorsdiscoveredthathewasavictimofthedisablingdiseasepolio.Helosttheuseofhislegs.FranklinRooseveltwasthirty-nineyearsold.Hehadalwaysbeenanactivemanwholovedsports.Butnowhewouldneverwalkagainwithouthelp.VOICEONE:ManyAmericansthoughtthesicknesswouldendFranklinRoosevelt'spoliticaldreams.Buttheywerewrong.Heshowedaninnerstrengththatpeoplerespected.HewaselectedgovernorofNewYorkstateinnineteentwenty-eightandre-electedtwoyearslater.FranklinRooseveltalwaysappearedstrongandfriendlyinpublic.Helovedtolaughandenjoylife.Buthisfriendlyfacehidastrongwill.Throughouthislife,MisterRooseveltworkedhardtoimprovelifeforthecommonman.Hebelievedgovernmenthadthepowerandresponsibilitytoimprovethelivesofitscitizens.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Thatmusic,"HappyDaysAreHereAgain/'wasplayedduringFranklinRoosevelt'spresidentialcampaigninnineteenthirty-two.Alargemajorityofvotersdecidedthatmaybehecouldmakethatsongcometrue.OnInaugurationDayinnineteenthirty-three,thenationwaitedtohearwhatthenewpresidentwouldsayabouttheeconomicfutureoftheircountry.Thisiswhathesaid:PRESIDENTROOSEVELT:"Thisgreatnationwillendureasithasendured,willreviveandwillprosper.So,firstofall,letmeassertmyfirmbeliefthattheonlythingwehavetofearisfearitself."VOICEONE:PresidentRooseveltpromisedtoendtheDepression.HepromisedtoputAmericansbacktowork.Hesaidthefederalgovernmentwouldtakeanactivepartincreatingjobs.Duringthenextthreemonths,heledCongressinpassingmoremajornewprogramsthanthenationhadseenformanyyears.PresidentRooseveltcalledhisreformprogram"TheNewDeal."Thesearesomeoftheprogramscreatedduringthistime:ANationalRecoveryAdministrationallowedcompaniestocooperatetoincreaseproduction.AWorksProgressAdministrationprovidedjobsforunemployedworkers.ACivilianConservationCorpsputyoungmentoworkprotectingthenation'snaturalresources.TheTennesseeValleyAuthoritybuiltdams,clearedrivers,expandedforestsandprovidedelectricityinthesoutheasternpartofthecountry.VOICETWO:Innineteenthirty-five,CongresspassedtwolawsthatwouldchangethelivesofworkingAmericansforyearstocome.TheNationalLaborRelationsActstrengthenedtherightsofworkersandgavemorepowertolaborunions.TheSocialSecurityActcreatedafederalsystemtoprovidemoneyforworkersaftertheyretired.FranklinRooseveltbecameoneofthemostlovedandmosthatedpresidentsinthehistoryofthecountry.ThemajorityofAmericansbelievedhewastryingtosavethecountryandprotectcommonpeople.Opponentschargedhewasgivingthefederalgovernmenttoomuchpoweranddestroyingprivatebusinesses.VOICEONE:FranklinRoosevelttriedtoestablishacloserelationshipwiththeAmericanpeople.Hebecameknownbythefirstlettersofhisfullname-FDR.HetalkedtotheAmericanpeoplebyradiotoexplainwhatactionswerebeingtakenandwhatheplannedforthefuture.Theseradiobroadcastshelpedhimgainwidespreadsupportforhisprograms.PresidentRooseveltranforre-electioninnineteenthirty-six.HedefeatedtheRepublicancandidateAlfredLandonbyoneofthelargestmajoritiesinthenation'shistory.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Inthelatenineteenthirties,anothercrisiswasgrowingmoreseriouseveryday.AdolfHitlerandhisNazipartyinGermanythreatenedcentralEurope.JapaneseforcescarriedoutnewaggressioninAsiaandthePacificarea.FDRwarnedAmericansthatavictorybytheseforceswouldthreatendemocracyeverywhereintheworld.WorldWarTwobeganinnineteenthirty-ninewhenGermanyinvadedPoland.AmericanshopedBritain,FranceandtheotherAlliedpowerswoulddefeatNaziGermanyandFascistItaly.YetCongresspassedalawdeclaringtheUnitedStateswouldremainneutral.VOICEONE:FDRwasre-electedinnineteenforty.HewastheonlypresidenttowinathirdtermintheWhiteHouse.OnDecemberseventh,nineteenforty-one,JapaneseplanesattackedtheAmericannavalbaseatPearlHarbor;Hawaii.TheUnitedStateswasforcedtoenterthewar.PresidentRooseveltcooperatedcloselywithBritishPrimeMinisterWinstonChurchillinthewareffort.HediscussedwareffortswithSovietPremierJosephStalin.VOICETWO:FDRwasre-electedpresidentforthefourthtimeinnineteenforty-four.MostAmericansbelievedthecountryshouldnotchangeitsleaderinthemiddleofawar.Whenhewasswornin,PresidentRoosevelt'sspeechlastedonlysixminutes.HedeclaredthatAmericahadlearned"thatwecannotlivealoneatpeace,thatourownwell-beingisdependentonthewell-beingofnationsfaraway."PresidentRooseveltdidnotlivetoseethevictoryoftheAlliesandtheendofWorldWarTwo.Hediedlessthanthreemonthslater;onApriltwelfth,nineteenforty-five,inWarmSprings,Georgia.VOICEONE:WinstonChurchillwroteaboutthedayheheardthenewsofthedeathofhisclosefriend:"IfeltasifIhadbeenstruckwithaphysicalblow.Myrelationswiththisshiningmanhadplayedsolargeapartinthelong,terribleyearswehadworkedtogether.Nowthathadcometoanend.AndIwasoverpoweredbyasenseofdeepandpermanentloss."MillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldjoinedWinstonChurchillinmourningthedeathofAmerica'sthirty-secondpresident,FranklinDelanoRoosevelt.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmShirleyGriffith.JoinusagainnextweekwhenwetellaboutFranklinRoosevelt'swife,EleanorRooseveltzonPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.