美国名人 歌唱家 保罗·罗伯逊（1）.docx

美国名人歌唱家保罗罗伯逊（1）PaulRobesonPt.1playstopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByShelleyGollust2004-1-3(THEME)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeV-O-ASpecialEnglishprogramPEOPLEINAMERICA.Today,wetellaboutPaulRobesonROBEason.Hewasasinger,actor;andcivilrightsactivist.IntheNineteen-Thirties,hewasoneofthebestknownandmostwidelyhonoredblackAmericans.LaterinhislifehewascondemnedforsupportingcommunismandtheSovietUnion.(THEME)VOICEONE:PaulRobesonwasborninPrincetonzNewJerseyinEighteen-Ninety-Eight.HisfatherwasaformerslavewhobecamethereligiousleaderofaProtestantchurch.Paulwasanexcellentstudentandathlete.RutgersUniversityinNewJerseygavehimmoneysohecouldstudythere.HeplayedfourdifferentsportswhileatRutgers.Healsowasthetopstudentinhisclass.MembersofhisclassbelievedPaulRobesonwouldbecometheleaderofblackpeopleinAmerica.VOICETWO:PaulRobesongraduatedfromRutgersinNineteen-Nineteen.HeattendedlawschoolatColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkCity.HewasonlythethirdblackpersontoattendColumbiaLawSchool.Ontheweekends,heearnedmoneybyplayingprofessionalfootball.Healsoactedinplays.HemarriedEslandaCordozaGoodewhilehewasinlawschool.AfterhegraduatedinNineteen-Twenty-Three,hegotajobwithagroupoflawyersinNewYork.However,heleftwhenheexperiencedunfairtreatmentbecausehewasblack.Hedecidednottoworkasalawyer.Instead,hewantedtousehisabilityintheaterandmusictosupportAfrican-Americanhistoryandculture.VOICEONE:Robesonbecameaprofessionalactor.HejoinedtheProvincetownPlayers,anactinggrouplinkedtoAmericanplaywrightEugeneO'Neill.RobesonwasthestarintwofamousproductionsbyEugeneO'NeillintheNineteen-Twenties.Theywere"AllGod'sChillunGotWings"and"TheEmperorJones."Criticspraisedhisperformances.Robesonbecamethemostrecognizedblackactorofhistime.VOICETWO:InLondon,heearnedinternationalpraiseforhisleadingpartinWilliamShakespeare'sgreattragicplay,"Othello."ThatwasinNineteen-Thirty.Thirteenyearslater,heplayed"Othello"onBroadwayinNewYork.Itwasverypopular.In"Othello/'RobesonplayedanAfricangeneralinancientVenice.Heismarriedtoayoungwhitewoman.Othellokillshiswifeafterbeingtrickedintobelievingthatshelovessomeoneelse.ThisishowPaulRobesonsoundedin"Othello."(MUSIC:"MONOLOGUEFROM"OTHELLO")VOICEONE:PaulRobesonalsowasfamousforappearinginthepopularAmericanmusicalplay"ShowBoat."HeperformedtheplayinLondoninNineteen-Twenty-EightandonBroadwayfouryearslater.Heplayedariverboatworker.JeromeKernwrotethemusicfor"ShowBoat."PaulRobesonsangthesong"0ManRiver."(MUSIC:,0L,MANRIVER")VOICETWO:PaulRobesonappearedinelevenmoviesintheNineteen-TwentiesandNineteen-Thirties.However,herealizedthathisactingwaslimitedbythesmallnumberofpartsforblackactors.HecriticizedtheAmericanmovieindustryfornotshowingthereallivesofblackpeopleinAmerica.Hestoppedmakingmoviesanddecidedtosingprofessionallyinstead.Robesonsangmanykindsofmusic.Hesangfolkmusicfrommanycountries.Hesangsongstosupportthelaborandsocialmovementsofhistime.Hesangsongsforpeaceandjustice.And,hesangAfrican-Americanspiritualmusic.Oneofhisfamoussongswasthisspiritual,"BalminGilead."(MUSICnBALMINGILEAD")VOICEONE:PaulRobesonwasrecognizedaroundtheworldforhisfightforcivilrightsforblackAmericans.SeparationofblackpeopleandwhitepeoplewaslegalintheUnitedStates.Blackpeopledidnothavethesamerightsaswhitepeople.Theywerenottreatedequally.Forexample,RobesoncouldnotbeservedinsomeeatingplacesintheUnitedStates.Violenceagainstblackpeoplewascommon.Angrymobsofwhitessometimeskilledblackpeople,especiallyinthesouthernUnitedStates.VOICETWO:InthelateNineteen-Thirties,PaulRobesonbecameinvolvedinnationalandinternationalmovementsthatsoughtpeaceandbetterlaborconditions.HealsosupportedindependenceforAfricancoloniesfromtheirEuropeanrulers.Helearnedthelanguagesandfolksongsofothercultures.HesaidthesefolksongsexpressedthesamefeelingsthatwereinAfrican-Americanmusic.Helearnedtospeak,writeandsinginmorethantwentylanguages.VOICEONE:RobesontraveledagreatdealinEuropeduringtheNineteen-Thirties.HefoundthatblackpeopleweretreatedbetterinEuropethanintheUnitedStates.Hemetmembersofliberalpoliticalorganizations,socialistsandAfricannationalists.Healsometmanyworkingpeopleandpoorpeople.Formanyyears,heperformedinconcertsinmanycountries.ThesongshesangsupportedthestruggleforracialjusticeforblackAmericans,andforcivilrightsandeconomicjusticeforpeoplearoundtheworld.Herefusedtoperformatconcertswherethepeoplewereseparatedbyrace.Hesaid,"Theideaofmyconcertsistosuggestthatallmenarebrothersbecauseoftheirmusic."VOICETWO:InNineteen-Thirty-FourzPaulRobesonmadethefirstofmanytripstotheSovietUnion.IntheSovietUnion,hesaid,hewastreatedasanequalofwhitesforthefirsttimeinhislife.HedeclaredhisfriendshipfortheSovietUnion.Andhespokeabouttheneedforpeacefulco-existencebetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.ConservativegroupsintheUnitedStatesstronglyopposedhisfriendshipwiththeSovietUnionandhissupportforotherliberalissues.VOICEONE:PaulRobesonwenttoSpaininNineteen-Thirty-EightduringtheSpanishCivilWar.HesangforSpanishcivilians.AndhesangfortheLoyalistforcesfightingfortheSpanishrepublic.OneofthesongshesangwasthisSpanishLoyalistsong,"TheFourInsurgentGenerals."(MUSIC:"THEFOURINSURGENTGENERALS")VOICETWO:IntheNineteen-Forties,manypeopleintheUnitedStateswerestronglyopposedtoPaulRobeson'spoliticalbeliefs.Theysaidhewastooliberalorextreme.Nextweek,wewilltellyouabouthowoppositiontohispoliticalbeliefsaffectedthelastpartofhislife.(THEME)VOICEONE:ThisPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollustandproducedbyLawanDavis.