美国名人 玛丽亚·卡拉斯.docx

美国名人玛丽亚卡拉斯MariaCallasplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:28repeatByRochelleGollust2004-5-8(THEME)ANNCR:WelcometoPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.mFaithLapidus.Today,ShirleyGriffithandRayFreemantellaboutoneofthemostfamousoperasingersofthetwentiethcentury,MariaCallas.(MarchFrom"Norma"insteadoftheme)VOICEONE:Operaisaplaythattellsastoryinmusic.Thepeopleintheoperasing,insteadofspeak,theplay'swords.Operaisoneofthemostcomplexofallartforms.Itcombinesacting,singing,music,costumes,sceneryand,sometimes,dance.Oftentherearemanycolorfulcrowdscenes.Operausesthehugepowerofmusictocommunicatefeelingsandtoexpressemotions.Musiccanexpressemotionsveryforcefully.Somostoperacomposersbasetheirworksonverytragicstoriesofloveanddeath.Anoperaoftenshowsanger,cruelty,violence,fearorinsanity.OperahasbeenverypopularinEuropesinceitspreadthroughitduringtheseventeenthcentury.ItalsohasbecomepopularintheUnitedStates.VOICETWO:MariaCallaswasoneofthebest-knownoperasingersintheworld.Duringthenineteen-fifties,shebecamefamousinternationallyforherbeautifulvoiceandintensepersonality.Therecordingsofhersingingthewellknownoperasremainverypopulartoday.MariaCallaswasborninNewYorkCityinnineteen-twenty-three.HerrealnamewasMariakalogeropoulouska-lo-yer-OH-pu-los.HerparentswereGreek.Whenshewasfourteen,sheandhermotherreturnedtoGreece.MariastudiedsingingatthenationalconservatoryinAthens.Thewell-knownoperasingerElviradeHidalgochoseMariaasherstudent.VOICEONE:Innineteen-forty-onezwhenshewasseventeen,MariaCallaswaspaidtosinginamajoroperaforthefirsttime.ShesangtheleadingrolesinseveraloperasinAthensduringthenextthreeyears.Innineteen-forty-fivezCallaswasinvitedtoperforminItaly.Thiswastherealbeginningofherprofessionasanoperasinger.Sheperformedmajorpartsinseveralofthemostfamousoperas.Innineteen-forty-ninezshemarriedanItalianindustrialist,GiovanniBattistaMeneghini.Hewastwentyyearsolder.Hebecameheradviserandmanager.VOICETWO:Innineteen-fifty,MariaCallasperformedforthefirsttimeatthefamousLaScalaoperahouseinMilan,Italy.Shesanginthefamousopera"Eida"eye-EE-dabyItaliancomposerGiuseppeVerdi.ShesangthepartofAida,anEthiopianslaveinancientEgypt.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Duringthenineteen-fiftiesandnineteen-si×tieszMariaCallassanginaboutfortymajoroperasinthemostfamousoperahousesintheworld.Innineteen-fifty-si×,sheappearedforthefirsttimeattheMetropolitanOperainNewYork.Shesangtheleadintheopera"Norma"byItaliancomposerVincenzoBellini.Shewasagreatsuccess.NormazareligiousleaderintheancientcityofGaul,becameoneofhermostfamousparts.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Duringtheyears,MariaCallasoftenhadproblemswithhervoice.Criticssaidsomeofherperformanceswerenotherbest.Sometimesshehadtocancelperformances.Herrelationswiththeofficialsofmajoroperacompaniesoftenweretense.ManyharmfulstorieswerewrittenaboutCallas.Thestoriessuggestedthatpeoplesheworkedwiththoughtshewasdifficult.However,manypeoplewhoworkedmostcloselywithherdeniedthis.Whenshewasnotsinginginoperas,Callaswasmakingrecordings.Shemademorerecordingsthananyothersingerofhertime.Innineteen-fifty-ninezhermarriagetoMisterMeneghiniended.MariaCallasbecametheloverofarichGreekbusinessman,AristotleOnassis.Callassufferedmoreproblemswithhervoice.Soshesangless.Innineteen-si×ty-fivezshesangintheopera"Tosca"byItaliancomposerGiacomoPuccini.ShewasFloriazanItaliansinger.Itwasapartshehadsungmanytimes.Itwasthelasttimesheappearedinanopera.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Nowthatshewasnolongersinging,CallaswantedtomarryAristotleOnassisandhaveachild.However,innineteen-sixty-eightzOnassissuddenlysaidthathewasleavingher.HehaddecidedtomarryJacquelineKennedy,thewidowofthemurderedAmericanpresident,JohnKennedy.Threeyearslater,Callasdecidedtoteachyoungoperasingers.Intheearlynineteen-seventieszshetaughttwelveclassesattheJuilliardSchoolinNewYork.Partsoftheseclasseswerereleasedasrecords.TerrenceMcNallywroteaplayaboutMariaCallasandheroperastudentscalled"MasterClass."VOICEONE:MariaCallassanginmanycitiesinEurope,theUnitedStatesandEastAsiainnineteenseventy-threeandseventy-four.SheperformedwithoperasingerGiuseppediStefano.Criticssaidshewasnotabletosingaswellasshehadwhenshewasyounger.ItisnotknownifCallas'stroubleswerecausedbyaphysicalproblemorbecauseshehadnotspentenoughtimetraininghervoice.MariaCallasdiedofaheartattackinherhomeinParisinnineteen-seventy-seven.Shewasfifty-three.VOICETWO:ManyexpertssayMariaCallasinfluencedoperamorethananyothersingerofthetwentiethcentury.TheysayshehadthedeepestunderstandingofthetraditionalItalianopera.Herbeautifulvoiceandintensefeelingincreasedtheeffectofanopera.Oneexpertsaid:"Callasseesandhearsinthegreatoperasthepoetryofmusic.Otherssingnotes.Shesingsmeaning."PeoplewhoheardMariaCallassingsaytheywillnotforgettheexperience.Hervoicelivesoninthemanyrecordingsshemade.SomeexpertssayMariaCallasisaspopularnowasshewaswhenshewasperformingaroundtheworld.(MUSIC)ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollustandproducedbyLawanDavis.mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmRayFreeman.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.