美国名人 画家 爱德华·霍普.docx

美国名人画家爱德华霍普EdwardHopper'sSimplePaintingsHoldSpecialMeaningforAmericansplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-16:00repeatBySarahRandleandproducedbyMarioRitter2006-9-23VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndI'mDougJohnsonwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutartistEdwardHopper.Hepaintednormalobjectsandpeopleininterestingandmysteriousways.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:InJuneoftwothousand-six,visitorsenteredtheredesignedSmithsonianAmericanArtMuseuminWashington,D.C.forthefirsttime.Whenthesepeoplewalkedintothebuilding,theysawtwosimple,colorfulpaintings.ThesepaintingsshowednormalscenesfromAmericanlife.Buttheylookedmysteriousandbeautiful.AmericanartistEdwardHopperpaintedbothofthesefamouspictures.VOICETWO:EdwardHopperwasbornineighteeneighty-twoinNyack,asmalltowninNewYorkstate.Fromayoungage,Edwardknewhewantedtobeapainter.Hisparentswerenotwealthypeople.TheythoughtEdwardshouldlearntopaintandmakeprintstoadvertiseforbusinesses.Thiskindofpaintingiscalledcommercialart.Edwardlistenedtohismotherandfather.Innineteenhundred,hemovedtoNewYorkCitytostudycommercialart.However,healsostudiedmoreseriousandartistickindsofpainting.VOICEONE:OneofHopper'steacherswasRobertHenri,afamousAmericanpainterintheearlytwentiethcentury.HenriwasaleaderofagroupofartistswhocalledthemselvestheAshcanSchoolpainters.TheAshcanartistslikedtopaintnormalpeopleandobjectsinrealisticways.Henrionceexpressedhisideasaboutpaintingthisway:"Paintwhatyoufeel.Paintwhatyousee.Paintwhatisrealtoyou."EdwardHopperagreedwithmanyoftheseideasaboutart.HetoldpeoplethatHenriwashismostimportantteacher.VOICETWO:HopperstudiedwithHenriinNewYorkCityforsixyears.Duringthoseyears,HopperdreamedofgoingtoEurope.Manypaintersthereweremakingpicturesinwaysnoonehadeverseenbefore.Manyofthemhadbeguntopaintpicturestheycalled"abstract,"Theartistslikedtosaytheseworkswereaboutideasratherthanthingsthatexistedintherealworld.Theirpaintingsdidnottrytoshowpeopleandobjectsthatlookedliketheonesinreallife.MostAmericanartistsspenttimeinEurope.ThentheyreturnedtotheUnitedStatestopaintinthisnewway.VOICEONE:Withhelpfromhisparents,HopperfinallytraveledtoEuropeinnineteen-oh-six.HelivedinParis,Franceforseveralmonths.Hereturnedagaininnineteen-oh-nineandnineteen-ten.Unlikemanyotherpeople,however,Hopperwasnotstronglyinfluencedbythenew,abstractstyleshefoundthere."Parishadnogreatorimmediateimpactonme/'heoncesaid.Attheendofthesetravels,hedecidedthathelikedtherealisticmethodshehadlearnedfromRobertHenri.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:WhenEdwardHopperreturnedfromParisforthelasttime,hemovedintoasmallapartmentintheGreenwichVillageareaofNewYorkCity.Hetookajobmakingprintsandpaintingsforbusinesses.However,thepaintingshemadeoutsideofhisjobwerenothelpinghimearnmoneyorrecognition.HehadashowofhisworkatagalleryinNewYork.However;mostpeoplewerenotinterestedinhissimple,realisticstyle.Veryfewpeopleboughthispaintings.VOICEONE:Thingsbegantoimproveinnineteentwenty-three.HebeganaloverelationshipwithanartistnamedJoNivison.Soontheymarried.HiswifesometimessaidthatEdwardtriedtocontrolherthoughtsandactionstoomuch.However;mostpeoplewhoknewthemsaidtheylovedeachotherverymuch.Theystayedmarriedfortherestoftheirlives.Also,JowasthemodelforallofthewomeninHopper'spaintings.Successinartsoonfollowedthissuccessinlove.Innineteentwenty-four,Hopperhadthesecondshowofhispaintings.Thistime,hesoldmanypictures.Finally,atageforty-three,hehadenoughmoneytoquithisjobpaintingforbusinesses.Hecouldnowpaintwhatheloved.EdwardandJoboughtacarandbegantotravelaroundthecountrytofindinterestingsubjectstopaint.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MostpeoplesaythatHopper'snineteentwenty-fivepainting"TheHousebytheRailroad"washisfirstmaturepainting.Thismeansthatitwasthefirstpaintingthatbroughttogetherallofhisimportanttechniquesandideas."TheHousebytheRailroad"showsalarge,whitehouse.Thepaintingdoesnotshowthebottomofthehouse.Itisblockedbyrailroadtracks.CuttingscenesoffinsurprisingwayswasanimportantpartofHopper'sstyle.Hebecamefamousforpaintingsthataremysterious,thatlookincompleteorthatleaveviewerswithquestions.Shadowsmakemanypartsofthehomein"TheHousebytheRailroad"lookdark.Someofthewindowslookliketheyareopen,whichmakestheviewerwonderwhatisinsidethehouse.However,onlydark,emptyspacecanbeseenthroughthewindows.Strangeshadows,darkspaces,andareaswithlightwereimportantpartsofmanyHopperpaintings.Therearenopeopleinthepainting,andnoevidenceofotherhousesnearby.Hopperwasfamousforshowinglonelinessinhisart.Peopleoftensaidthat,evenwhenthereweremanypeopleinhispaintings,eachpersonseemstobealoneinhisorherownworld.VOICEONE:Duringthegreateconomicdepressionofthenineteenthirties,manypeoplesawHopper'slonely,mysteriouspaintingsofeverydaysubjects.Theylikedthepicturesbecausetheyseemedtoshowlifehonestly,withouttryingtomakeithappierorprettierthanitreallywas.Asaresult,Hoppercontinuedtosellmanypaintingsduringthoseyears,eventhoughmostAmericanswereverypoor.VOICETWO:Innineteenforty-two,Hopperpaintedhismostfamouswork,"Nighthawks."Thepaintingshowsfourpeopleinaneating-placecalledadinerlateatnight.Theylooksad,tired,andlonely.Twoofthemlookliketheyareinaloverelationship.Buttheydonotappeartobetalkingtoeachother.Thedarknightthatsurroundsthemismysteriousandtense.Thereisnodoorinthepainting,whichmakesthesubjectsseemliketheymightbetrapped.Hopperpainted"Nighthawks"soonaftertheJapanesebombattackagainsttheUnitedStatesatPearlHarborinHawaii.ManypeoplethoughtthepaintingshowedthefearandunhappinessthatmostAmericanswerefeelingaftertheattack.Thepaintingbecameveryfamous.Today,mostAmericansstillrecognizeit.ThepaintingnowhangsinafamousmuseuminChicago,Illinois.VOICEONE:"Nighthawks"wasnotEdwardHopper'sonlygreatsuccess.Innineteenfifty,hefinishedapaintingcalled"CapeCodMorning."Itshowsabrightlycoloredhouseinthecountry.Inthemiddleofthepainting,awomanleansonatableandlooksoutawindow.Shelooksverysad.However,nothinginthepaintinggivesanyideaaboutwhyshewouldbesad.TodaythispaintinghangsinaspecialplaceintheSmithsonianMuseumOfAmericanArtinWashington.Itisonethepaintingswenotedatthebeginningofthisprogram.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:EdwardHopperbegantostrugglewithhisartduringthenineteenfiftiesandsixties.Hehadtroublefindinginterestingsubjects.Whenhedidfindgoodthingstopaintzhestruggledtopaintthemwell.Atthesametime,theartisticcommunitybecamelessinterestedinrealisticpaintings.Inthenineteenfifties,theAbstractExpressioniststylebecameverypopular.Theseartistsrefusedtohavesubjectstopaint.Theywantedto"paintaboutpainting"and"paintaboutideas."TheythoughtHopper'sstylewasnolongermodernorimportant.Asaresult,thepaintingshedidcompletemetlesssuccessthanduringtheearlieryears.EdwardHopperdiedinnineteensixty-seven.HiswifeJodiedlessthanayearlater.Manyyearsafterhisdeath,Hopper'sworkisstillpopularinthiscountryandoutsideAmerica.Intwothousandfour;thefamousTateArtGalleryinLondonhadashowofhispaintings.Thisshowbroughtthesecond-largestnumberofvisitorsofanyshowinthehistoryofthemuseum.Today,peoplesayEdwardHopperwasoneofthebestAmericanartistsofthetwentiethcentury.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenbySarahRandleandproducedbyMarioRitter.mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmDougJohnson.Youcanread,listentoanddownloadthisprogramatourWebsite,WWW.51V0A.COM.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.