美国名人 民权运动领袖 马丁·路德·金 1.docx

美国名人民权运动领袖马丁路德金1ReverendMartinLutherKingJunior,Pt.Oneplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByWilliamRogers2005-1-15ANNCR:PeopleinAmerica-aprograminSpecialEnglishontheVoiceofAmerica.(Theme)Today,WarrenScheerandShepO'Nealbeginthestoryofcivilrightsleader,MartinLutherKing,Junior.(THEME)VOICEONE:Itallstartedonabus.Ablackwomanwasreturninghomefromworkafteralonghardday.Shesatnearthefrontofthebusbecauseshewastiredandherlegshurt.ButthebusbelongedtothecityofMontgomeryinthesouthernstateofAlabama.Andtheyearwasnineteenfifty-five.Inthosedays,blackpeoplecouldsitonlyinthebackofthebus.Sothedriverorderedthewomantogiveupherseat.Butthewomanrefused,andshewasarrested.Incidentslikethishadhappenedbefore.Butnoonehadeverspokenoutagainstsuchtreatmentofblacks.Thistime,however;ayoungblackpreacherorganizedaprotest.HecalledonallblackcitizenstostopridingthebusesinMontgomeryuntilthelawswerechanged.ThenameoftheyoungpreacherwasMartinLutherKing.HeledtheprotestmovementtoendinjusticeintheMontgomerycitybussystem.TheprotestbecameknownastheMontgomerybusboycott.TheprotestmarkedthebeginningofthecivilrightsmovementintheUnitedStates.ThisisthestoryofMartinLutherKing,andhispartintheearlydaysofthecivilrightsmovement.VOICETWO:MartinLutherKingwasborninAtlanta,Georgia,innineteentwenty-nine.Hewasbornintoareligiousfamily.Martin'sfatherwasapreacherataBaptistchurch.AndhismothercamefromafamilywithstrongtiestotheBaptistreligion.Innineteentwenty-nine,AtlantawasoneofthewealthiestcitiesinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates.Manyblackfamiliescametothecityinsearchofabetterlife.TherewaslessracialtensionbetweenblacksandwhitesinAtlantathaninothersoutherncities.ButAtlantastillhadlawsdesignedtokeepblackpeopleseparatefromwhites.ThelawsofracialseparationexistedalloverthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates.Theyforcedblackstoattendseparateschoolsandliveinseparateareasofacity.Blacksdidnothavethesamerightsaswhitepeople,andwereoftenpoorerandlesseducated.VOICEONE:MartinLutherKingdidnotknowaboutracialseparationwhenhewasyoung.Butashegrewolder,hesoonsawthatblackswerenottreatedequally.OnedayMartinandhisfatherwentouttobuyshoes.Theyenteredashoestoreownedbyawhitebusinessman.Thebusinessmansoldshoestoallpeople.Buthehadarulethatblackscouldnotbuyshoesinthefrontpartofthestore.HeorderedMartin'sfathertoobeytherule.Martinneverforgothisfather'sangryanswer:"Ifyoudonotsellshoestoblackpeopleatthefrontofthestore,youwillnotsellshoestousatall."Suchincidents,however;wererareduringMartin'searlylife.Instead,heledthelifeofanormalboy.Martinlikedtolearn,andhepassedthroughschoolveryquickly.Hewasonlyfifteenwhenhewasreadytoentertheuniversity.Theuniversity,calledMorehouseCollege,wasinAtlanta.MorehouseCollegewasoneofthefewuniversitiesintheSouthwhereblackstudentscouldstudy.VOICETWO:ItwasattheuniversitythatMartindecidedtobecomeapreacher.Atthesametime,healsodiscoveredhehadagiftforpublicspeaking.Hesoonwasabletotesthisgifts.OneSunday,Martin'sfatheraskedhimtopreachathischurch.WhenMartinarrived,thechurchmembersweresurprisedtoseesuchayoungmangettingreadytospeaktothem.ButtheyweremoresurprisedtofindthemselvesdeeplymovedbythewordsofyoungMartinLutherKing.Achurchmemberoncedescribedhim:"Theboyseemedmucholderthanhisyears.Heunderstoodlifeanditsproblems.,VOICEONE:Martinseemedwisetoothersbecauseofhisstudiesattheuniversity.HecarefullyreadtheworksofMahatmaGandhiztheIndianleaderandthinker.MartinalsostudiedthebooksoftheAmericanphilosopher,HenryDavidThoreau.Bothmenwroteaboutwaystofightinjustice.Gandhihadledhispeopletofreedombypeacefullyrefusingtoobeyunjustlaws.Hetaughthisfollowersnevertouseviolence.Thoreaualsourgedpeopletodisobeylawsthatwerenotjust,andtobewillingtogotoprisonfortheirbeliefs.Ashestudied,Martinthoughthehadfoundtheanswerforhispeople.TheideasofGandhiandThoreau-non-violenceandcivildisobedience-couldbeusedtogethertowinequalrightsforblackAmericans.Martinknew,then,thathisdecisiontobecomeapreacherwasright.HebelievedthatasapreacherhecouldspreadtheideasofGandhiandThoreau.Yearslaterhesaid:"MyuniversitystudiesgavemethebasictruthsInowbelieve.Idiscoveredtheideaofhumanity'sonenessandthedignityandvalueofallhumancharacter."VOICETWO:Martincontinuedhisstudiesinreligionforalmosttenyears.Whenhewastwenty-two,hemovednorthtostudyinBoston.ItwasinBostonthatMartinmetCorettaScott,thewomanwholaterbecamehiswife.Martinalwayshadbeenverypopularwiththegirlsinhishometown.HisbrotheroncesaidthatMartin"neverhadonegirlfriendformorethanayear".VOICEONE:ButMartinfeltCorettaScottwasdifferent.ThefirsttimehesawherMartinsaid:"YouhaveeverythingIhaveeverwantedinawife.,Corettawassurprisedathiswords.ButshefeltthatMartinwasseriousandhonest.Ashorttimelater,theyweremarried.MartinsoonfinishedhisstudiesinBoston,andreceivedadoctoratedegreeinreligion.TheyoungpreacherthenwasofferedajobatachurchinMontgomery,Alabama.VOICETWO:MartinLutherKingandhiswifewerehappyinMontgomery.Theirfirstchildwasborn.Martin'sworkatthechurchwasgoingwell.Hebecameinvolvedinanumberofactivitiestohelpthepoor.Andthemembersofhischurchspokehighlyoftheirnewpreacher.Corettarememberedtheirlifeassimpleandwithoutworries.Then,ablackwoman,RosaParks,wasarrestedforsittinginthewhitepartofaMontgomerycitybus.AndMartinLutherKingorganizedaprotestagainsttheMontgomerybussystem.Martinbelieveditwasveryimportantforthebusboycotttosucceed-moreimportanteventhanhisownlife.Butheworriedabouthisabilitytoleadsuchanimportantcampaign.Hewasonlytwenty-sixyearsold.HeprayedtoGodforhelpandbelievedthatGodansweredhisprayers.VOICEONE:Martinknewthathisactionsandhisspeecheswouldbeimportantforthecivilrightsmovement.Buthewasfacedwithaseriousproblem.Heasked:"HowcanImakemypeoplemilitantenoughtowinourgoals,whilekeepingpeacewithinthemovement."TheanswercametohimfromtheteachingsofGandhiandThoreau.Inhisfirstspeechasaleader,Martinsaid:"Wemustseektoshowwearerightthroughpeaceful,notviolentmeans.Lovemustbetheidealguidingouractions.Ifweprotestbravely,andyetwithprideandChristianIovezthenfuturehistorianswillsay:"Therelivedagreatpeople,ablackpeople,whogavenewhopetocivilization.IlWiththesewords,anewmovementwasborn.Itwasnon-violentandpeaceful.Butvictorywasfarfromsure,andmanydifficultdaysofstrugglelayahead.(THEME)ANNCR:youhavebeenlisteningtotheVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleinAmerica.YournarratorswereWarrenScheerandShepO'Neal.OurprogramwaswrittenbyWilliamRodgers.Listenagainnextweekatthistime,whenwewillcompletethestoryofcivilrightsleaderMartinLutherKing,Junior.(THEME)