美国名人 电影先驱 塞西尔·B·戴米尔 塞缪尔·戈尔德温路易斯·B·梅耶.docx

美国名人电影先驱塞西尔B戴米尔,塞缪尔戈尔德温，路易斯B梅耶MoviePioneersplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByCynthiaKirk2004-11-20(THEME)VOICEONE:mSarahLong.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutthreepeoplewhohelpedmakeHollywoodthecenterofthemovieindustry.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:WhenyouhearthenameHollywood,youprobablythinkofexcitement,lights,camerasandmoviestars.Famousactorsarenottheonlyimportantpeopleintheentertainmentbusiness.Directorsandproducersareimportant,too.Today,Hollywoodisfullofproducersanddirectors.However,veryfewareasfamousandsuccessfulasHollywood'sfirstmotionpicturebusinessmen,CecilB.DeMiIIezSamuelGoldwynandLouisMayer.("There'sNoBusinessLikeShowBusiness",CDP-8244)VOICETWO:CecilBlountDeMillewasborninAshfield,MassachusettsinEighteen-Eighty-One.Bothhisparentswerewritersofplays.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewastwelveyearsold.Hismotherkeptthefamilytogetherbyestablishingatheatercompany.Ceciljoinedthecompanyasanactor.Hecontinuedworkinginhismother'stheatercompanyasanactorandamanageruntilNineteen-Thirteen.Thatyear,hejoinedJesseL.LaskyandSamuelGoldfishtoformtheJesseL.LaskyFeaturePlayCompany.GoldfishlaterchangedhisnametoSamuelGoldwyn.VOICEONE:Thethreemenstartedmakingmotionpicturesimmediately.Theylovedworkinginthemoviebusiness.Theyweredeeplyinterestedinitscreativeandfinancialpossibilities.DeMiIIezLaskyandGoldfishbeganworkingonamovieversionofthepopularAmericanwesternplay,"SquawMan."DeMMeurgedthatthemoviebemadeintherealAmericanWest.HechoseFlagstaff,Arizona.DeMilleandthecompanytraveledtoFlagstaffbytrain.Whentheyarrived,DeMillethoughtthearealookedtoomodern.Theygotbackonthetrainandkeepgoinguntiltheyreachedtheendoftheline.TheywereinaquietlittletowninsouthernCalifornia.ThetownwascalledHollywood.DeMilledecidedthiswastheperfectplacetofilmthemovie."SquawMan"wasoneofthefirstfull-lengthmoviesproducedinHollywood.ItwasreleasedinNineteen-Thirteenandwasanimmediatesuccess.DeMilleisconsideredthemanwhohelpedHollywoodbecomethecenterofthemotionpicturebusiness.Hequicklybecameacreativeforceinthenewmovieindustry.Hissuccesscontinuedwith"Brewster'sMillions/'"TheCalloftheNorth"and"TheTrailoftheLonesomePine."VOICETWO:CecilB.DeMillewasamongtheveryfewfilmmakersinHollywoodwhosenameappearedabovethetitleofhismovie.Hisnamewasmoreimportanttomovie-goersthanthenamesofthestarsinthemovie.DeMille'smovieswereknowntobebigproductions.Hecombinedalotofaction,realisticstorytellingandhundredsofactorstomakesomeofHollywood'sbestmovies.Hemademanykindsofmoviesincludingwesterns,comedies,romancesandonesdealingwithmoralissuesDeMillegainedagreatdealoffamewiththekindofmovieknownasanepic.Anepictellsastoryofeventsthatareimportantinhistory.DeM川e'sepicmovieswerebasedonthesettlingoftheAmericanWest,RomanhistoryorstoriesfromtheBible.Hisfirstversionofthehistoricfilm"TheTenCommandments"wasahugesuccessamongsilentfilmsinNineteen-Twenty-Three.InNineteen-Fifty-Sixzhereleasedanewversionof"TheTenCommandments"toincludesound.ItisbroadcaststillonAmericantelevisionduringtheChristianobservanceofEaster.VOICEONE:CecilB.DeMilleproducedanddirectedseventymovies.InNineteen-Forty-NinehereceivedaspecialAcademyAwardfor"thirty-sevenyearsofbrilliantshowmanship."HediedofheartfailureinNineteen-Fifty-Nine.OneofDeMille'slastfilmswas"TheGreatestShowonEarth."ItwontheAcademyAwardforbestpictureinNineteen-Fifty-Two.Itwasaboutpeoplewhoperformedinthecircus.SomepeoplesayitwasafittingsubjectbecauseCecilB.DeMilleoftenwascalledthegreatestshowmaninHollywood.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:InEighteen-Ninety-Five,athirteen-year-oldboyfromWarsaw,PolandfoundhiswaytotheUnitedStates.SamuelGoldfishwasalone.Hehadnomoney.Hefoundworkasaglovemaker.Hecontinuedworkingintheglove-makingindustryuntilhewasalmostthirtyyearsold.VOICETWO(cont):InNineteen-ThirteenzSamuelandhiswife'sbrother,JesseL.LaskyzandCecilB.DeMilleformedtheJesseL.LaskyFeaturePlayCompany.Itproducedthemoviez"SquawMan."InNineteen-Sixteen,GoldfishstartedabusinesswithEdgarSelwyn.TheycombinedtheirnamesGoldfishandSelwynandcalledthenewcompanyGoldwyn.SamuelGoldfishlikedthenameandchangedhistoSamuelGoldwyninNineteen-Eighteen.TheGoldwynCompanymademanysuccessfulmotionpictures.Yetzthecompanywasnotafinancialsuccess.InNineteen-Twenty-TwozSamuelGoldwynwasforcedtoleavethecompany.TheGoldwynCompanythenjoinedwithMetroPicturesandLouisB.MayerProductionstoformMetro-Goldwyn-MayerzknownasMGM.SamuelGoldwynwasnotpartofthedeal.Hepromisednevertobeajointownerofanothercompany.HeformedhisowncompanySamuelGoldwynProductions.VOICEONE:SamuelGoldwynwasoneofthegreatindependentproducersduringthe"GoldenAge"ofHollywood.Mostofhisfilmsweresuccessfulfinanciallyandpopularwithcritics.Heinsistedthathisfilmsbewellmadeandofhighquality.Thisbecameknownasthe"GoldwynTouch."Goldwynusuallypaidforhisfilmshimself.Heboughtthebeststoriesandplaystobemadeintomovies.Heemployedthebestwriters,directorsandactors.AndhediscoverednewactorsincludingLucilleBall,GaryCooper,SusanHaywardandWillRogers.Goldwynwasextremelyindependent.Hehadastrongdesiretocontroleveryelementoftheproductionandmarketingofhisfilms.Hemadealldecisionsconcerninghisfilmsincludingchoosingdirectors,actorsandwriters.Hisbestfilmsinclude"TheLittleFoxes,""TheBestYearsofOurLives"and"PorgyandBess."HismoviesreceivedmanyAcademyAwards.VOICETWO:SamuelGoldwynwasknownalsoforhissenseofhumor.Hecreatedfunnyexpressions.InHollywoodtheyareknownasGoldwynisms.Oneofhismostfamousexpressionswas"Includemeout."InNineteen-Forty-SixzGoldwynreceivedtheIrvingThalbergMemorialAwardforhisexcellentmovieproductionsduringtheAcademyAwardceremoniesthatyear.HediedinNineteen-Seventy-Four.SamuelGoldwynwasinthemoviebusinessforalmostsixtyyears.Heisconsideredoneofthemostinfluentialfilmproducersever.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:1.ouisB.MayerbeganasatheateroperatorinHavermillzMassachusettsinNineteen-Oh-Seven.Overthenextseveralyearsheboughtmoretheaters.SoonheownedthelargestgroupoftheatersinNewEngland.InNineteen-Seventeen,Mayerformedhisownmovieproductioncompany.IntheearlyNineteen-TwentieszLouisB.MayerPicturesjoinedtwoothercompaniestoformMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer.MayerwasappointedvicepresidentandgeneralmanagerofMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer.Hehadastrongfatherlywayofsupervisingthecompanyandactors.ThecompanyhadsomeofthebiggestnamesinshowbusinessincludingJudyGarlandzClarkGablezKatherineHepburnandElizabethTaylor.ApopularexpressionusedatthetimewasM-G-Mhad"morestarsthanthereareinheaven."M-G-Mproducedsomeofthemostpopularmoviesofalltimeincluding"TheWizardofOz,""GonewiththeWind"and"ThePhiladelphiaStory."VOICETWO:IntheNineteen-ThirtiesandNineteen-FortieszLouisB.MayerwasthemostpowerfulbusinessmaninHollywood.Heearnedmorethanone-million-two-hundred-thousand-dollarsayear.HewaspaidmorethananyoneelseintheUnitedStates.InNineteen-Fifty,MayerreceivedaspecialAcademyAwardfor"excellentservicetotheMotionPictureindustry."HediedinHollywood,CaliforniainNineteen-Fifty-Seven.Hewasseventy-twoyearsold.VOICEONE:CecilB.DeMille,SamuelGoldwynandLouisB.Mayerarerememberedfortheirexcellentmoviesandtheircontinuinginfluenceinthemotionpictureindustry.Theyledthewayformovieproducersanddirectorsoftodayandthosestilltocome.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenanddirectedbyLawanDavis.OurstudioengineerwasKeithHolmes.mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmSarahLong.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.