美国名人 美国职业棒球大联盟首位黑人球员 杰基 罗宾逊.docx

美国名人美国职业棒球大联盟首位黑人球员杰基罗宾逊1.ifeStoryofJackieRobinsonztheFirstBlackPlayerinMajorLeagueBaseballplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:45repeatByJeriIynWatson2005-4-2WelcometoPEOPLEINAMERICA,aprograminSpecialEnglishontheVoiceofAmerica.TodayShirleyGriffithandRichKleinfeldttellaboutamanwhochangedprofessionalbaseballintheUnitedStates.JackieRooseveltRobinsonwasthefirstblackmantoplayinmodernmajorleaguebaseball.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:AfterWorldWarTwo,manyAmericansstillbelievedthatpeopleofdifferentracesshouldnotmix.Insomepartsofthecountry,blacksandwhiteslivedinseparateareasandwenttoseparateschools.Blackswhotriedtochangethesystemriskedbeingbeatenorkilled.Blackswerenotpermittedtoplayonprofessionalbaseballteamsorinanyothermajorleaguesport.NoblackmanhadplayedforamajorleaguebaseballteamsinceEighteen-Eighty-Four.Inthatyear;Americanbaseballorganizationsagreedtobarblacks.ThatbeganchangingwhenJackieRobinsonplayedhisfirstgameforNewYork'sBrooklynDodgersonAprilFifteenth,Nineteen-Forty-Seven.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:JackieRobinsongrewupinafamilyoffivechildreninPasadenazCalifornia,nearLosAngeles.Hisfatherhadleft.Hismotherdidnotearnmuchmoney,soJackieRobinsonlearnedtomakehisownwayinlife.ItwasinCaliforniathatJackieRobinsonfirstlearnedtheuglinessofracialhatred.Whitefamilieswhodidnotwanttolivenearthemrepeatedlytriedtoforcethemtomoveaway.JackieRobinsonestablishedhimselfearlyasanathlete.HewasastarplayerwhileattendingtheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles.Jackiewonhonorsinbaseball,basketball,footballandtrack.HewasnamedtotheAll-Americanfootballteam.HewasconsideredthebestathleteonAmerica'swestcoast.JackieRobinsonleftcollegeearlybecauseoffinancialproblems.HejoinedtheUnitedStatesArmyinNineteen-Forty-OnezduringthesecondWorldWar.HebecamealieutenantafterboxingchampionJoeLouispushedforRobinsontobetrainedasanofficer.However,afterthreeyears,Robinsonwasdismissedfromthearmybecauseheobjectedtoaracialorder.Herefusedtomovetothebackofabus.VOICEONE:InNineteen-Forty-Five,therewerenotmanyjobsopentoablackman,evensomeonewhohadattendedcollege.Robinsonwantedtoplayprofessionalbaseball.Blacks,however;werenotpermittedtoplayinthemajorleagues.So,hedecidedtoplaywiththeNegroBaseballLeague.TheNegroLeagueteamswerestartedintheNineteen-Twentiestogiveblackpeopleaplacetoplaybaseball.ManyofthebestbaseballplayersintheUnitedStatesplayedintheNegroLeaguesbeforewhiteprofessionalteamsbeganacceptingblackplayers.Theskillsandrecordsofblackballplayerswereasgoodasmajorleaguewhiteplayers.ItwasahardlifeforNegroLeagueplayers.Theytooklongtripsbybus.Theychangedclothesinfarmhousesandsharedbathwaterwithteammates.Manyeatingplacesdidnotservefoodtoblacks.Theyhadtoeatoutsideorontheroad.Andtheywerenotpermittedtosleepathotelsforwhites.Manyplayerssleptonthebus.VOICETWO:JackieRobinsonplayedfortheKansasCityMonarchs.ItwasoneofthemostfamousbaseballteamsintheNegroLeague.But,hewasunhappyintheNegroLeaguebecauseofthedifficultlifethere.Inastatementfromthebook"TheHistoryofBaseball,Nineteen-Oh-Seven/'actorOssieDavisexpresseshopeforchangeinthesport.OSSIEDAVIS:"Baseballshouldbetakenseriouslybythecoloredplayer-andinthiseffortofhisgreatabilitywillopentheavenueinthenearfuturewhereinhemaywalkhandinhandwiththeoppositeraceinthegreatestofallAmericangames-baseball."(MUSIC)VOICEONE:InNineteen-Forty-FivezJackieRobinsonsignedanagreementwithBranchRickeytoplayfortheDodgers.Rickeywaspresidentoftheteam.Hewantedtofindablackplayerwhocoulddealwiththeinsultsandracialpressurehewouldfaceintheleague.Hewantedablackplayerwhowouldshowrestraintatalltimes.RickeythoughtJackieRobinsonwasgoodenoughasaplayerandstrongenoughasapersontosucceed.HemadeRobinsonpromisethathewouldnevershowhisangeronthebaseballfield.JackieRobinsonacceptedthatcondition.Hesaid:JACKIEROBINSON:"IknewthatIwasgoingtobesomewhatoutfrontandperhaps,Iwouldhavetotakealotofabuse.IknewthatthiswasbiggerthananyoneindividualandIwouldhavetodowhateverIpossiblycouldtocontrolmyself."VOICETWO:SomeobserverssaidthatJackieRobinsonwasnotthebestplayerintheNegroLeagues.Otherssaidthathewaschosenforhiscommunicationsskillsandeducationallevelandbecausehewasanestablishedsportsstar.VOICETWO:DavidFaulknerwroteabookaboutRobinson'slife.Itiscalled"GreatTimeComing:TheLifeofJackieRobinsonfromBaseballtoBirmingham."Init,hetalksabouttheendofracialdivisionsinbaseball.DAVIDFAULKNER:"Formanyyears,therehadbeenanactivecampaignagainstsegregatedbaseballledbyNegronewspapereditorsand,strangelyenough,bytheCommunistparty,whichfromthemiddleNineteen-Thirtieson,hadactivelycampaignedagainstsegregatedbaseball.Therewereanumberofpendingbillsindifferentlegislatureschallengingfairemploymentpractices.ByNineteen-Forty-Five,therewasalotofheatinalotofdifferentareas-professionalbaseballwascertainlyfeelingthat.Robinsoninasensewastherightpersonattherighttime."VOICEONE:ShortlyafterJackieRobinsonsignedtheagreementwiththeDodgers,hemarriedRachelIsum.Theyhadthreechildren.ItwasimportanttoBranchRickeythatJackieRobinsonbemarried.HethoughtthatthepublicwouldacceptRobinsonmorequicklyifhewasmarried.HethoughtthatitwouldlessenthefearsofwhitementhatwhitewomenwouldfindRobinsondesirable.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:InNineteen-Forty-Six,JackieRobinsonbeganplayingfortheDodgers'minorleagueCanadianteam,theMontrealRoyals.Duringthattime,BranchRickeytestedRobinson'sabilitytodealwithracialpressurehewouldfaceinthemajorleague.InNineteen-Forty-Seven,JackieRobinsonbecamethefirstblacktoplaymodernmajorleaguebaseball.HeplayedfortheDodger'smajorleagueteamzNewYork'sBrooklynDodgers.Indoingso,thepressureincreased.Hereceiveddeaththreatsonandoffthefield.Duringgames,pitchersthrewtheballathishead.SeveralteamsthreatenednottoplayagainsttheDodgers.And,someofhisownteammemberstriedtohavehimbannedfromtheteam.ItwasnoteasyforRobinsononroadtrips,either.Hewasneverpermittedtostayatthesamehotelsoreatinthesameplacesashiswhiteteammembers.VOICEONE:JackieRobinsonhaddifficultyonandoffthebaseballfield,buthedidnotletthatinterferewithhisgame.Hewasagreatplayerandleader,winningtheNationalLeague'sMostValuablePlayerawardinNineteen-Forty-Nine.HealsoledtheBrooklynDodgerstosixleaguechampionshipsandtobaseball'sWorldSeriesChampionshipinNineteen-Fifty-Five.JackieRobinsonhelpedshowthatblacksandwhitescouldlive,workandplaytogether.HebecameanationalherotobothblackandwhiteAmericansbecauseofhisskill,braveryandrestraint.Robinson'ssuccessopenedthedoorforotherblackathletestoplayonall-whiteprofessionalteams.Soon,otherblacksbegantoappearonmajor-leagueteams.BytheendoftheNineteen-Fifties,everymajorleagueteamhadblackandHispanicplayers.VOICETWO:JackieRobinsonretiredfrombaseballinNineteen-Fifty-Sixattheageofthirty-seven.Hebecameabusinessman,apoliticalactivistandastrongsupporterofcivilrights.InNineteen-Sixty-Two,JackieRobinsonwaselectedtobaseball'sHallofFame,anhonorgivenonlytobaseball'sbestplayers.HediedinNineteen-Seventy-Two.Hewasfifty-threeyearsold.(MUSIC)ANNOUNCER:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyCynthiaKirk.ItwasproducedanddirectedbyLawanDavis.TheannouncerswereShirleyGriffithandRichKleinfeldt.mMaryTillotson.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.