美国名人 艺术家 安迪·沃霍尔.docx

美国名人艺术家安迪沃霍尔AndyWarhol:TheFatherofPopArtplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:26repeatByDanaDemange2006-4-15(THEME)VOICEONE:mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmBarbaraKleinwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutAndyWarhol,oneofthemostinfluentialpeopleinAmericanmodernart.Warholwasbestknownforhisbrightcoloredimagesoffamouspeopleandfoodcans.Throughbothhisartandlifestyleheexploredthenatureoffame,popularculture,andthemedia.Hisartisticinfluenceandunusualpersonalityredefinedthemodernartworld.(THEME)VOICEONE:AndyWarholwasnotalwaysfamousaroundtheworld.Hewasborninnineteentwenty-eightinPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.HisparentswereimmigrantsfromCzechoslovakia.TheirlastnamewasWarholazwhichAndylatershortenedtoWarhol.AsachildAndyspentagreatdealoftimesickinbed.Whilehewasrecovering,hewoulddrawpictures.Whenhisfatherdied,heleftenoughmoneyforAndytoattendartschool.AndyWarholattendedtheCarnegieInstituteofTechnologywherehestudiedpictorialdesign.Pictorialdesignistheartofcreatingimagesanddrawings.OftenthesedrawingsareusedintheproductionOfadvertisementsandmagazines.VOICETWO:Innineteenforty-nineWarholmovedtoNewYorkCitytoworkasacommercialartist.Hedrewpicturesformagazinesandadvertisements.Hebecameverysuccessful.DuringthenineteenfiftiesWarholdrewimagesformanyimportantmagazinessuchas"Vogue"and"Harper'sBazaar."Healsobecameverywellknownforaseriesofadshemadeforshoes.Warholusedhisexperienceincommercialartasanentryintofineart.HebeganhispaintingcareeraspartofthePopArtmovement.Thismovementwasatitsstrongestduringthenineteensixties.VOICEONE:PopArtwasdefinedbyimagesofmaterialgoodsandpopularculture.Popartistsrejectedtheseriousnatureoftheartworld.Todothis,theseartistspaintedorprintedeverydayimagesofthingsthatusuallyarenotconsideredart.Theseimagesincludedphotographsfrommagazines,drinkadvertisementsanddrawingsfrompopularcomicstrips.VOICETWO:SomecriticssaythatPopArtwasareactiontoAbstractExpressionism.ArtistsoftheAbstractExpressionistmovementtookthemselvesveryseriously.Theydidnotapproveofpopularculture.Theythoughtartistsshouldnotbeconcernedwithsuchunimportantpartsofculture.Popartists,however,celebratedpopularcultureinallofitsforms.Theyapprovedofusingmassmediaandmassproductionasaninfluenceintheirart.PopArtalsoreflectedtheriseinwealthandtheimportanceofowningthingsthatAmericaexperiencedinthenineteenfifties.OneartcriticdefinedPopartaspopular;low-cost,young,mass-producedandsexy.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:OneofWarhol'sfirstexhibitswasinnineteensixty-two.Hecreatedthirty-twopaintingsofredandwhitesoupcans.Thesepaintingsshooktheartworld.ThesoupcanslookedlikethesoupproducedbyoneofAmerica'smostpopularfoodcompanies,Campbell's.Everypaintinglookedthesameexceptforthewordswrittenonthecanthatdescribedthedifferentkindsofsoup.Warholusedaverysmoothpaintingmethodsotheartworkalmostdidnotlookhand-made.Thepaintingslookedliketheycameoutofthesamefactorythatmadethesoupcans.Noonehadeverseenartlikethis.WarholalsomadepaintingsusingimagessuchasCocaColabottles,dollarsymbols,andpopularcleaningproducts.Hetookthemosteverydayobjectsandturnedthemintofineart.VOICETWO:Warholsoonstartedmakingsilk-screenprints.Thismethodofreproductionpermittedtheartisttomakemanyimagesveryquickly.Hewouldoftenrepeatthesamepicturemanytimesinoneartwork.Helikedtheideaofmassproducedart.Heoncesaidthathethoughteveryoneshouldthinkalikeandbelikeamachine.Infact,theplacewherehecreatedhisartwascalledTheFactory.Hehadmanyassistantswhohelpedhimproducehisart.VOICEONE:Warholexploredmanyothersubjects.Forexample,hemadeaseriesofpaintingsondeathanddisaster.Theseworksshowedimagesofcaraccidentsandexecutions.HealsomadepicturesoffamouspeoplesuchastheactressMarilynMonroeandthesingerElvisPresley.Warholwasveryinterestedinfame.Hecelebratedfamouspeopleandtheycelebratedhim.VOICETWO:AndyWarholoncesaidsomethingaboutfamethatbecameverypopularandisstillrepeatedtoday.Hesaidthatinthefuture,everybodywillbefamousforfifteenminutes.Warholcertainlyenjoyedbeingwellknown.Hecreatedaveryunusualpublicpersonality.Hewouldwearstrangewigsonhisheadmadeofwhitehair.Hewouldgoouteverynighttopartiesandothersocialgatheringswheretherewerebeautifulandimportantpeople.Hewouldtalktoreportersinaveryshymanner.Oftenhewouldprovideunclearanswerstotheirquestions.HereisarecordingofAndyWarholbeingaskedabouthisart.Itisfromanineteenninety-onedocumentaryfilmaboutWarhol'slife.(WARHOL)VOICEONE:AndyWarholwasmuchmorethanjustapainter.Hewasalsoafilmmaker,publisher,andmanagerofarockband.Forexample,heproducedseverallowbudgetartfilmsintheearlynineteensixties.Onewascalled"Empire".ItshowedafilmedimageoftheEmpireStateBuildinginNewYorkCity.Thefilmwaseighthourslong.Inthemovie"Sleep"Warholrecordedafriendsleeping.Thefilmlastssixhours.Whenaskedabouttheuneventfulnatureofthesefilms,Warholansweredthathelikedboringoruninterestingthings.VOICETWO:InthemiddlenineteensixtiesWarholalsomanagedarockbandcalledTheVelvetUnderground.Hehelpedproduceoneoftheirrecordsanddesignedthecoverofthealbum.AnotherofWarhol'sprojectswasthecreationof"Interview"magazine.ThismagazinecoveredmanykindsofAmericanpopularculture.AndyWarholwasabletointerviewthekindsofpeoplehelikedbest,famouspeople.Acolorfuldrawingofafamouspersonwasonthecoverofeveryissueofthemagazine.TheimagewasdrawninthestyleofWarhol'spaintings.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteensixty-eightAndyWarholwasshotbyawomanwhohadbeeninoneofhisfilms.ValerieSolanaswasangrywithWarholfornotmakingamoviebasedonaplayshewrote.ThebulletfromthegunhitseveralofWarhol'sorgansandalmostkilledhim.Themedia'sreactiontothiseventmadehimevenmorefamous.VOICETWO:Eventhoughheworkedonmanyotherprojects,AndyWarholalwayskeptproducingartwork.Inthenineteenseventieshemademillionsofdollarspaintingpeople'sportraits.Wealthypeopleallovertheworldpaidagreatdealofmoneytohavehimpainttheirpicture.InthenineteeneightiesWarholworkedwithseveralyoungerartists.TheyincludedJeanMichelBasquiatandKeithHaring.Warholalsowroteseveralbooksandcreatedtwocabletelevisionprograms.VOICEONE:Warhol'sartwouldhavesurelycontinuedinmanynewdirections.Buthediedasaresultofproblemsafteraminoroperationinnineteeneighty-seven.Hewasfifty-eightyearsold.Athisdeath,Warhol'stotalestimatedworthwasmorethanonehundredmilliondollars.MostofthismoneyhelpedcreatetheAndyWarholFoundationwhichhelpssupportthevisualarts.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Innineteenninety-fourtheAndyWarholMuseumopenedinPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.Thismuseumisinalargeindustrialbuilding.AsyouwalkupthesevenfloorsofthemuseumzyoucanseemorethanfivehundredworksofartbyWarhol.Themuseumhaspiecesfromeveryperiodofhiscareer.VOICEONE:OnthefifthfloorthereisaspecialexhibitcalledSilverClouds.ThisroomisbasedonanartgalleryshowthatWarholdesignedinnineteensixty-six.Theroomisfilledwithmanysilvercoloredballoonsthataresquareshaped.Theballoonscontainheliumandoxygensothattheyfloataroundwiththeaircurrents.Warhol'sideawastocreateajoyfulandmagicalroominwhichtheartworkmovedaroundthevisitors.VOICETWO:AndyWarholhelpedchangethewaytheworlddefinedmodernart.HiscolorfulPopArtimagesandunusualpersonalitymadehimoneofthemostfamousandimportantpeopleinAmericanartandculture.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyDanaDemange.mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmBarbaraKlein.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.