美国总统 20 詹姆斯·加菲尔德.docx

美国总统20詹姆斯加菲尔德JamesGarfield:AssassinatedByKellyJeanKelly16July,2017VOALearningEnglishpresentsAmerica'sPresidents.TodaywearetalkingaboutJamesGarfield.Hewasthe20thpresidentoftheUnitedStates.Garfieldisnotoneofthebest-knownpresidents.Heservedonly100daysbeforehewasshot.ElevenweeksIaterzhediedfromhiswounds.ButevenduringGarfield'sshorttimeinoffice,historianssayhispresidencyhadproblems.Earlylife1.ikethepresidentbeforehimzRutherfordB.HayeszGarfieldwasfromthestateofOhio.Garfield'sfatherdiedwhenhewasveryyoung.Thefuturepresidentwasraisedlargelybyhismother,twooldersistersandabrother.Amongallthepresidents,Garfieldprobablywasthemostpoorinhisearlyyears.Growingup,heworkedasafarmer,asailor,acarpenter,ateacherandajanitor.Finally,heearnedapositionasastudentatWilliamsCollegeinwesternMassachusetts.Garfieldlovedlearning.HeeventuallytaughtataschoolcalledtheEclecticInstitute.Later,hebecameitspresident.GarfieldmarriedoneofhisstudentsattheEclecticInstitute,LucretiaRudolph.Shebecameateacher,too.JamesGarfieldandLucretiaRudolphThefuturepresidentandhiswifewentontohavesevenchildren.Foursonsandadaughtersurvivedtoadulthood.Intime,Garfieldmovedoutofeducationandintolawandpolitics.Hewasananti-slaveryactivistwhodidnotthinktheSouthernstateshadarighttowithdrawfromtheUnion.WhentheCivilWarcame,Garfieldwelcomedit.Duringthewar,Garfieldservedinthemilitaryasanofficer.Hewonawardsforhisbravery.Whilestillayoungmanzhewasappointedtothepositionofmajorgeneral.HisimageasawarherowassogreatthatGarfielddidnothavetocampaignforaseatintheU.S.HouseofRepresentatives.Hewaselectedonhisnamealone.CongressGarfield'swayofthinkingchangedwhilehewasinCongress.HebeganasoneofthemostextremeRadicalRepublicans.HewantedtopunishformerConfederateofficersseverely.Butzintime,Garfieldsoftenedhispositions.Helearnedtocompromisewithothergroupsinordertoachieveresultsforhisstate.ButhedidnotalwaysrepresenttheinterestsofworkersorfarmersinOhio.Garfieldsupportedbusinessintereststhatwantedtolimitthecountry'smoneysupply.Heopposedlaborunionsandcooperativefarmprograms,calledtheGrange.Garfieldalsobecamelinkedtoacorruptioncase.Heacceptedstocksharesinacompanythatwasbuildingarailroadacrossthecountry.Inexchange,Garfieldandothertopofficialseasedgovernmentrulessobusinessmancouldearnhigherprofitsfortheirwork.AlthoughGarfield'spoliticalcareersometimesdrewcriticism,hecontinuedtoriseingovernment.PresidencyWhenGarfieldbecamepresidentinMarch1881,hedidnothavewhatAmericanscallamandate-theapprovalofalargepartofthepopulation.Instead,heneededtomakecompromiseswithlawmakerstohelpwintheirsupport.Asaresult,thefirstweeksofhispresidencywereapoliticalstruggletoappointmemberstohiscabinetofadvisors.GarfieldalsoclashedwithapowerfulsenatorfromNewYorkState.Thesenatorwantedtocontinuethetraditionofpermittingsenatorstochoosewhogotgovernmentjobsintheirstates.ButPresidentGarfieldwantedtoputsomeonewhosharedhisownbeliefsinsomeofthetoppositionsinNewYork.Finally,thesenatorresignedinprotest.ButtheissuesetthetoneforGarfield'sshorttimeinoffice.Electedofficialsbattledeachotherforadvantagesandfinancialgain.OfficialsinGarfield'spartywereaccusedofcorruptionandwrongdoing.AndbeforeGarfieldcouldreallysuggestanyideasforgovernmentreform,hewasshotbysomeoneseekingagovernmentjobinexchangeforhispoliticalsupport.AssassinationOnJuly2,1881-fewerthanfourmonthsafterhetookoffice-Garfieldwasleavingforashorttripwithtwoofhissons.TheyweregoingtotakeatraintoWilliams,thecollegeGarfieldhadattendedandloved.Thepresidentwassupposedtogiveaspeechthere.Butashewalkedthroughthetrainstation,amanwithagunsteppedbehindGarfieldandshotthepresidenttwice.OnebullettouchedGarfield'sarm.Theotherwentintohislowerback.Garfielddidnotdieimmediately.Instead,hewastakenbacktotheWhiteHouse,wheredoctorstriedtoremovethebullet.OneofthemenwhotriedwasAlexanderGrahamBellztheinventorofthetelephone.Belltriedtofindthebulletbyusingadevicelikeametaldetectorthathehadinvented.ButthespringsonGarfield'sbedinterfered.NeitherBellnorthedoctorswereabletoremovethebullet.Andzsomehistorianssay,theireffortsmayhavemadethesituationworse.Garfieldsufferedformorethantwomoremonths.Atonepoint,heseemedtoberecovering.ButonSeptember19,hefinallydied.Hewas49yearsold.Asforthegunmanzhewascapturedshortlyaftertheshooting.HisnamewasCharlesGuiteau.Guiteauwasalawyerwithlittlemoney,butmanymentalproblems.Duringtheelectionof1880zhehadfirstsupportedthecandidacyofformerpresidentUlyssesS.Grant.WhenGarfieldwontheRepublicannominationinstead,Guiteausupportedhim.Guiteaudidnothaveanofficialroleintheelectioncampaign,andGarfielddidnotknowhim.ButovertimezGuiteaucametobelievethathewasresponsibleforGarfieldwinningthepresidency.Asaresult,GuiteauthoughtGarfieldowedhimagovernmentjob.GuiteauwrotethepresidentseverallettersrequestingpositionsasadiplomatinEurope.WhenGarfielddidnotwriteback,Guiteaugrewangry.HebelievedGarfieldwasruiningtheRepublicanPartyanddestroyingthecountry.Forweeks,Guiteaufollowedthepresidentandplottedtokillhim.WhenhesucceededinshootingGarfieldzGuiteaubelievedhehadperformedagreatservice.Athistrial,ajurydecidedthatGuiteauwassane-inotherwords,hewasnottoomentallyunbalancedtoberesponsibleforhiscrime.Almostayearafterheshotthepresident,Guiteauhimselfwashanged.ThusthemostdramaticeventinJamesGarfield'spresidencycametoanend.mKellyJeanKelly.KellyJeanKellywrotethisstoryforLearningEnglish.GeorgeGrowwastheeditor.WordsinThisStorycarpenter-n.apersonwhosejobistomakeorfixwoodenobjectsorwoodenpartsofbuildingsjanitor-n.apersonwhocleansabuildingandmakesminorrepairsachieve-v.togetorreach(something)byworkingharddrew-v.causedtocometone-n.thegeneralqualityofasituationadvantages-n.something(suchasagoodpositionorcondition)thathelpstomakesomeoneorsomethingbetterormorelikelytosucceedthanothersdetector-n.adevicethatcantellifasubstanceorobjectispresent:adevicethatdetectsthepresenceofsomethingthus-adv.inthiswayormanner:likethisdramatic-adj.attractingattention:causingpeopletocarefullylistenandlookWewanttohearfromyou.WritetousintheCommentsSection.