美国总统25 西奥多·罗斯福.docx

美国总统25西奥多啰斯福TheodoreRoosevelt:Energeticplaystopmutemaxvolume00:0010:43repeatByKellyJeanKelly20August,2017VOALearningEnglishpresentsAmerica'sPresidents.TodaywearetalkingaboutTheodoreRooseveltzthe26thpresidentoftheUnitedStates.51VATheodoreRooseveltin1903byJohnSingerSargentManyAmericansliketocallhim"Teddy"Rooseveltoreven"T.R."ThesenicknamesforthepresidentshowthatRooseveltwas,ingeneral,popularwiththepublic.HeisoneofthefourpresidentswhosefacecanbeseenonMountRushmorezamemorialtofamousU.S.leaders.HistoriansnotethatRoosevelt'sterminofficemarksthebeginningofthemodernpresidency.Inotherwords,heexpandedtheposition,andusedthemediatoconnectwiththepublic.AmongAmericans,hispublicimageisoftenlinkedtoyouth,energy,strength,courage,andplayfulness.Buthisimagehasalsobeenlinkedtoastronglikingformilitaryaction-andforoneself.EarlylifeTheodoreRooseveltisalsooftentiedtotheAmericanWest,buthewasbornandraisedontheEastCoast,inNewYorkCity.Hisfatherwasawealthybusinessman.HismotherwasfromaSouthernplanterfamilythatownedslaves.TheodoreRoosevelthadtwosistersandabrother.Hisfamilycalledhimbyanothernickname:Teedie.WhenhewasaboyzyoungTheodorewasoftensick.Hehadasthma,alungconditionthatcouldmakephysicalactivitydifficult.So,ashegotolder,Rooseveltstrengthenedhisbody.Fortherestofhislife,hestronglybelievedinphysicalexerciseandvigorousactivity-whathecalled"thestrenuouslife."YoungRooseveltalsohadhungerforlearning.Hestudiedwithprivatetutors,traveledoverseas,andstudiedmanysubjectswhileincollegeatHarvard.Afterhiscollegeyears,hestudiedlawbriefly,andthenbeganservinginpublicofficeinNewYork.Buttragedyhaltedhisearlygovernmentservice.RoosevelthadmarriedAliceHathawayLee,whosoonbecamepregnant.ButtwodaysafterthebabywasbornzRoosevelfswifediedofkidneydisease.Andzasithappened,Roosevelt'smotherdiedonthesameday,inthesamehouse.ShesufferedfromBright'sDisease,anotherdisorderaffectingthekidneys.Thefuturepresidentwasstruckbygrief.HelefthisbabydaughterwithhissisterandwenttotheAmericanWest.There,Rooseveltlivedasacowboy-hunting,ridinghorses,takingpartincattledrives,andevenchasingpeoplewhobrokethelaw.TheexperiencehelpeddefineRoosevelt'slifeandbeliefs.ButaftertwoyearszhewasreadytoreturntotheEastCoast.There,hemarriedEdithKermitCarow,awomanhehadknownsincechildhood.TheysettledinahouseonLongIsland,NewYorkandraisedRoosevelt'sdaughter,Alice.HeandEdithalsohadfiveotherchildren.HisfamilysupportedRoosevelt'sriseinRepublicanPartypolitics,includinghiscampaigntobecomegovernorofNewYork.ButsomeofthepartyofficialswerenothappywithRoosevelt.Theydidnotlikehisindependence,andtheydidnotwanthimtobere-electedasgovernor.SoztheyplottedtohavehimnominatedasU.S.vicepresidentintheelectionof1900.TheybelievedRooseveltwouldnotbeabletogivethemmuchtroubleinthatposition.AstheRepublicanleadershoped,Rooseveltandthesittingpresident,WilliamMcKinley,wonboththepopularandelectoralvoteinalandslide.Butlessthanayearlater,McKinleywasdead.Andwiththat,Republicanleadersfoundthatthemantheywantedtogetoutoftheirwaywasnowthecountry's26thpresident.PresidencyWhenhebecamepresident,Rooseveltwasonly42yearsold.Heisstilltheyoungestpersontoholdthatoffice.Atfirst,RooseveltpromisedtocontinuethepoliciesofMcKinIeyzwhowaszafterallzthepresidentvotershadre-elected.ButRooseveltquicklyputhisownmarkonthepresidency.Heisknownfortryingtobalancetheneedsofmanygroupsinsociety,includingbusinessowners,farmersandworkers.Rooseveltcalledhisprogramthe"SquareDeal."Inotherwords,hesuggestedthateveryonewastreatedfairly.However,someAmericansobjectedtoRooseveltreducingthepowerofbigbusinesses.Theysaidhisuseofgovernmentrules,ingeneral,didnotletmarketforcesoperatefreely.Rooseveltisalsoknownforprotectingthenation'swildernessareas.Hesetasidemorethan800,000squarekilometersoflandtoprotectnatureandwildlife.Inhisforeignpolicy,Rooseveltwasenergetic.HehelpedPanamawinindependencefromColombiainordertostartbuildingthePanamaCanal.HealsodefendedandevenaddedtotheMonroeDoctrine,anideafromthepresidencyofJamesMonroe.RooseveltconfirmedthattheUnitedStateswouldbarEuropeanpowersfrominterveninginSouthAmerica.And,morethanthat,thattheU.S.would"police"theWesternHemisphereandmakesurethatcountrieshonoredtheirinternationalobligations.Inotherwords,RooseveltbelievedtheUnitedStateshadtherightandresponsibilitytobeaworldpower.Ifdiplomaticnegotiationsdidnotwork,hewasnotafraidtothreatentheuseofforce.Hefamouslysaid,"Speaksoftlyandcarryabigstick;youwillgofar."VotersapprovedofRoosevelt'sactions.Or,atleasttheyenjoyedhisleadership,andhisyoungfamilythatplayedallovertheWhiteHouse.In1904zRoosevelteasilywonthepresidencyinhisownright.Heisthefirstvicepresidentwhotookpowerafterthedeathofasittingpresidenttoearnhisownterm.1.egacyAlthoughhewaspermittedtoseekanothertermaspresident,Rooseveltpromisednotto.HelefttheWhiteHousein1909zstillaveryyoungman.Forawhile,hetraveledoverseas.Butwhenhereturnedhome,hedidnotlikethedirectionthenewpresidentandtheRepublicanPartywasgoing.SoRooseveltcreatedanewpoliticalgroup,calledtheProgressiveParty-or,assomecalledit,theBullMooseParty.Notsurprisingly,theterm"bullmoose"wasmeanttosuggestRooseveltandhisanimal-likestrength.Althoughheearnedmanyvotes,Rooseveltdidnotwinthe1912election.Instead,hesplitthevotesoftheRepublicanParty,andpermittedaDemocrattowinthepresidency.Roosevelt'seffortswerenotentirelylost,however.Laterpresidents-includingFranklinRoosevelt,HarryTrumanzJohnKennedy,andLyndonJohnson-usedmanyofhisideasforreform.And,majorU.S.politicalpartiestodayoftenfindlessonsfromRoosevelt'spresidencytheyadmireorsupport.BothDemocratBillClintonandRepublicanGeorgeW.BushsaidTheodoreRooseveltwasoneoftheirrolemodels.Intheyearsafterthe1912election,Rooseveltremainedactive.Hetraveled,campaigned,andcontinuedtotrytoinfluencepoliticsfromhishomeinNewYork,wherehediedunexpectedlyinhissleepatage60.Onepublicofficialobserved,"DeathhadtotakeRooseveltsleeping,forifhehadbeenawake,therewouldhavebeenafight."mKellyJeanKelly.KellyJeanKellywrotethisstoryforLearningEnglish.GeorgeGrowwastheeditor.WordsinThisStorynickname-n.anamethatisdifferentfromyourrealnamebutiswhatyourfamilyandfriendscallyouwhentheyaretalkingtoyouoraboutyouvigorous-adj.donewithgreatforceandenergystrenuous-adj.requiringorshowinggreatenergyandeffortgrief-n.deepsadnesscausedespeciallybysomeone'sdeathlandslide-n.anelectioninwhichthewinnergetsamuchgreaternumberofvotesthantheloserobligation-n.somethingthatyoumustdobecauseofaIawzrule,promise,etc.inhisownright-n.becauseofhisownefforts,talent,etc.,andnotbecauseofhisconnectionwithsomeoneelselesson-n.somethinglearnedthroughexperience