美国总统31 富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福 1.docx

美国总统31富兰克林德拉诺罗斯福1FranklinD.Roosevelt:Powerfulplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-07:19repeatByKellyJeanKellyOlOctober,2017VOALearningEnglishpresentsAmerica'sPresidents.TodaywearetalkingaboutFranklinDelanoRoosevelt.Hewasrelatedtoanearlierpresidentwithsamelastname,TheodoreRoosevelt.ManyAmericanscallFranklinRooseveltbythefirstletterofeachwordinhisfullname:FDR.FranklinD.Rooseveltin1933WhenFDRtookoffice,theUnitedStateswasinasevereeconomicdepression.Thepreviouspresident,HerbertHoover,hadtriedtoimprovetheeconomy,buthiseffortshadfailed.FDRdefeatedHooverintheelectionof1932.Hewon,inpart,bypromisingwhathecalleda"newdeal"forAmericans.VotersdidnotknowwhatFDR's"newdeal"meantexactly,butmanylikedhismessageofhope.VotersalsodidnotknowhowmuchFDRwouldchangethecountry.Heremainedinofficefor12years-thelongestofanyU.S.president-andledthecountrythroughtheGreatDepressionandmostofWorldWarILAlongtheway,hechangedthewaygovernmentaffectedAmericans'lives,andthejoboftheU.S.president.EarlylifeFranklinRooseveltwasbornonalargeestateinNewYork,about140kilometersoutsideNewYorkCity.Hewastheonlychildofwealthyparents.Hismotherandfathermadesurehehadanexcellenteducation.Asayoungmanheattendedaprivatehighschool,andthenHarvardCollegeinMassachusetts.HealsostudiedlawatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork.YoungFDRwasnotanexcellentstudent,however.Hewasinterestedinmanythingsoutsidetheclassroom,includingpoliticsandgirls.TwoofFDR'sinterestscametogetherinayoungwomannamedAnnaEleanorRooseveltzwhowentbythenameEleanor.ShewasthenieceofapoliticianFDRgreatlyrespected:PresidentTheodoreRoosevelt.OnthedaywhenFranklinandEleanorRooseveltweremarried,TheodoreRooseveltattendedtheceremony.Infact,hewalkedwithhisnieceinfrontofthegueststoherfuturehusband.About10yearsaftertheymarried,EleanorRoosevelt(picturedherein1933)learnedherhusbandwashavinganaffair.Yetthecoupleremainedmarriedfor40FranklinandEleanorRooseveltwentontohavesixchildren,althoughonediedasababy.WhileEleanorRooseveltraisedthechildren,FranklinRooseveltdirectedhisattentiontopolitics.HeleftajobinalawofficetoserveintheNewYorkstatesenate.IntimezhewasofferedajobinthefederalgovernmentasanassistantsecretaryoftheNavy.FDRenjoyedthejob,buthecontinuedseekingotherpoliticalpositions.HetriedunsuccessfullyforaseatintheU.S.Senate,butdidgetnominatedbytheDemocraticPartytobeitsvicepresidentialcandidatein1920.Althoughheandhispartnerlosttherace,FDRseemedlikehewasinagoodpositionformajorpoliticalsuccess.Butthensomethingunexpectedhappened.IllnessandreturntopoliticsWhenhewas39yearsold,FDRsufferedmajorhealthproblems.Onedayhestartedtofeelapaininhisback.Thefollowingdayhislegsgrewtired.Thenhisskinbecamesensitive.Bytheendoftheweek,bothhislegswereparalyzed.Hecouldnotmovefromthewaistdown.Heremainedparalyzedfortherestofhislife.ThenextyearsweredifficultfortheRoosevelts.EleanorandthechildrenhelpedcareforFDR.Andheworkedhardtorecoversomeofhisstrengthandphysicalabilities,especiallybyexercising.Whileheremainedhopefulabouthiscondition,FDRworriedabouthispoliticalcareer.Hedidnotthinkthepublicwouldacceptaleaderwhocouldnotevenwalkbyhimself.Sohetookseveralmeasures.Hecreatedasmallwheelchairthatwouldnotgettoomuchattention.Itwasmadefromadiningroomchair,withwheelsinsteadoflegs.Herefusedtoletphotographerstakepicturesofhimbeingcarriedorstrugglingtomove,andhefoundawaytoappearasifhewerewalking.Heusedacaneorthearmofapartnertobalance,andthenheswunghishipstomakehislegsmoveforward.Usingthismethod,FDR"walked"tothestageatthe1924DemocraticNationalConvention.HeusedtheeventtonominatethegovernorofNewYorkforpresident.Thatman'sbiddidnotsucceed.ButFDRshowedhimselftostillbeanablepolitician.Fouryearslater,FDRhimselfwaselectedgovernorofNewYork.Heheldthepositionintheearlyyearsofthecountry'seconomiccrisis.In1932zFDRwasacandidateforpresident.HetooktheunusualstepofappearinginpersonattheDemocraticconventiontoaccepthisparty'snomination.FDRandHerbertHooveratthe1933inaugurationHiscampaignwassuchasuccessthattheDemocratstooknotonlytheWhiteHouse,butmajoritiesinboththeU.S.SenateandHouseofRepresentatives.ThestrengthoftheDemocraticPartyinCongresswouldhelpFDRbecomeoneofthemostpowerfulpresidentsthecountryhadeverseen.NextweekwewillcontinueourstoryofFDRandhispresidency.mKellyJeanKelly.KellyJeanKellywrotethisstoryforLearningEnglish.GeorgeGrowwastheeditor.WordsinThisStoryestate-n.alargepieceoflandwithalargehouseonitniece-n.adaughterofyourbrotherorsisterparalyzed-adj.unabletomoveorfeelallorpartofthebodyswing-v.tomovebackwardandforwardorfromsidetosidewhilehangingfromsomethingstage-n.araisedplatforminatheaterorauditoriumwheretheperformersstand