联合国粮农组织-国际植物健康年——最终报告（英）-2021-64正式版.docx

INTERNATIONALYEAROFPLANTHEALTH2020FINALREPORTPROTECTINGPLANTS,PROTECTINGLIFEFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsRome,2021Requiredcitation:FAO.2021.InternationalYearofPlantHealth-Finalreport.Rome.https:/doi.Org/10.4060cb7056enThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialinthisinformationproductdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO)ncerningthelegalordevelopmentstatusofanyuntry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.Thementionofspecificmpaniesorproductsofmanufacturers,whetherornotthesehavebeenpatented,doesnotimplythatthesehavebeenendorsedorremmendedbyFAOinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned.Theviewsexpressedinthisinformationproductarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsorpoliciesofFAO.ISBN978-92-5-135056-0©FAO,2021Somerightsreserved.ThisworkismadeavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommerciaI-ShareAIike3.0IGOlicen(CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO:https:/creativecommons.Org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igonegalcode).Underthetermsofthislicence,thisworkmaybecopied,redistributedandadaptedfornon-commercialpurposes,providedthattheworkisappropriatelycited.Inanyuseoftiswork,thereshouldbenosuggestionthatFAOendorsesanyspecificorganization,productsorservices.TheuseoftheFAOlogoisnotpermitted.Iftheworkisadapted,thenitmustbelicensedunderthesameorequivalentCreativeCommonslicence.Ifatranslationofthisworkiscreated,itmustincludethefollowingdisclaimeralongwiththerequiredcitation:*ThistranslationwasnotcreatedbytheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO).FAOisnotresponsibleforthententoraccuracyofthistranslation.TheoriginalLanguageeditionshallbetheauthoritativeedition."DisputesarisingunderthelicencethatcannotbesettledamicablywillberesolvedbymediationandarbitrationasdescribedinArticle8ofthelicenceexceptasotherwiseprovidedherein.TheapplicablemediationruleswillbethemediationrulesoftheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganizationhttp:/www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/njlesandanyarbitrationwillbeconductedinaccordancewiththeArbitrationRulesoftheUnitedNationsCommissiononInternationalTradeLaw(UNCITRAL).Third-partymaterials.Userswishingtoreusematerialfromthisworkthatisattributedtoathirdparty,suchastables,figuresorimages,areresponsiblefordeterminingwhetherpermissionisneededforthatreuseandforobtainingpermissionfromthecopyrightholder.Theriskofclaimsresultingfrominfringementofanythird-party-ownedcomponentintheworkrestssolelywiththeuser.Sales,rightsandlicensing.FAOinformationproductsareavailableontheFAOwebsite(www.fao.org/publications)andcanbepurchasedthroughpublications-salesfao.org.Requestsforcommercialuseshouldbesubmittedvia:www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request.Queriesregardingrightsandlicensingshouldbesubmittedto:copyrightfao.org.CONTENTSFoREWORDBYQUDoNGYU,FAODIRECTOR-GENERALVPREFACEBYRALFLOPIAN,CHAIRPERSONOFIYPHINTERNATIONALSTEERINGCOMMITTEEVllACKNoWLEDGEMENTSV川ContributionsreceivedviiiABBREVIATIONSANDACRONYMSIX1. THEINTERNATIONALYEAROFPLANTHEALTH:ANOVERVIEW1Institutionalbackground2IYPHInternationalSteeringCommittee3IYPHTechnicalAdvisoryBoard4Keyfacts52. IYPHOBJECTlVESANDACHlEVEMENTS6IYPHkeymessages73. IYPHOUTPUTS83.1 IYPHcontentandproducts83.2 IYPHeventsandinitiatives113.3 IYPHadvocates283.4 Newsandmediacoveragewrap-up334. IYPHdigitalreport355. 1.EGACYANDWAYFoRWARD405.1 MessagebyJingyuanXia1DirectorofFAOPlantProductionandProtectionDivisionandSecretaryoftheIPPC415.2 InternationalDayofPlantHealth425.3 Scientificreviewoftheimpactofclimatechangeonplantpests425.4 Youthdeclaration445.5 FirstInternationalPlantHealthConference46ANNEXA 47ResolutionadoptedbytheGeneralAssemblyon20December201847ANNEXB 49MembershipofIYPHTechnicalAdvisoryBoard:49MembershipofIYPHInternationalSteeringCommittee50ANNEXC 51FOREWORDBYQUDONGYU,FAODIRECTOR-GENERALInDecember2018,theUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblydeclared2020astheInternationalYearofPlantHealth."Protectingplants,protectinglife"wastheIYPHsloganembodyingtheconceptthatplantsarelifeandcontributetothehealthandwellbeingofpeopleandalllivingbeingsonEarth.Plantsaloneprovideover80percentofthefoodweeatandtheoxygenwebreathe,andkeepingthemhealthyiskeytosecuringseveraloftheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs).Yet,planthealthisincreasinglyatrisk.Plantpestsareresponsiblefortheannuallossofupto40percentoffoodcropsglobally.Thisisespeciallyrelevanttothemillionsofsmallholderfarmersandpeopleinruralcommunitieswhorelyonagricultureasaprimarysourceofincomeandseetheirlivelihoodsatrisk.Theclimatecrisisandunsustainablehumanactivitiesarealteringecosystems,reducingbiodiversityandcreatingnewnichesforinvasivepeststothrive.Concurrently,internationaltravelandtradethatcanunintentionallyspreadpestsanddiseasesrapidlyaroundtheworldhavetripledinvolumeoverthelastdecade,causinggreatdamagetonativeplantsandtheenvironment.IwouldliketoconveymyappreciationandcongratulatetheGovernmentofFinlandforchampioningthisinitiativefortheglobalplanthealthcommunity,aswellastheIYPHInternationalSteeringCommitteefortheirinvaluableguidanceinimplementingtheIYPHActionPlan.IwouldalsoliketoextendmyappreciationtoallthegovernmentsandotherrelevantstakeholderswhosupportedtheimplementationoftheInternationalYearofPlantHealth.DespitethedifficultcircumstancesposedbytheCOVID-19pandemic,wesucceededinachievingtheobjectivesoftheInternationalYearofPlantHealth2020.ThisreportsummarizesthekeyachievementsoftheYearanddiscussesitslegaciesastheinternationalplanthealthcommunityplansitsfuturework:ithelpedraiseglobalawarenessofhowprotectingplanthealthcanhelpendhunger,reducepoverty,protecttheenvironmentandboosteconomicdevelopment;andcatalysedanincreaseintheresourcesdedicatedtoplanthealth,triggerednewpartnershipsandsharedbestpracticesonwaystokeepplantshealthywhilecaringfortheenvironment.Itwasacollectiveeffortinvolvingnational,regionalandglobalactorsinhundredsofeventsandinitiatives.AlthoughtheofficialYearhasended,ourworkwillcontinue.Effortsfortheprotectionforplanthealthareessential.Forthisreason,theworkoftheInternationalPlantProtectionConvention(IPPC)insettinginternationalstandardsandphytosanitaryregulationsiscrucialtosecuringplanthealthworldwide.FollowingtheSUcCeSSoftheInternationalYearofPlantHealth2020,the42ndSessionoftheFAOConferenceinJunethisyearendorsedtheproposalbytheGovernmentofZambiatoestablishanInternationalDayofPlantHealthtobecelebratedannuallyon12May.TheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblywillconsiderthisproposalatits76thSession.FollowingtheimpetuscreatedbytheInternationalYearofPlantHealth,theFAOscientificreviewoftheimpactoftheclimatecrisisonplantpestshasalreadyprovidedthescientificbasisforIPPCfutureactionsonassessingandmanagingtheimpactsonplanthealthandmakingthenecessaryadjustmentstorelevantphytosanitaryactivities.Moreover,thefirstInternationalPlantHealthConferencewillbeheldinMay2022andwillbringtogethertheglobalplanthealthcommunitytodiscussscientific,technicalandregulatoryplanthealthissues.TheInternationalYearofPlantHealth2020raisedawarenessonthefundamentalrolethatplanthealthplaysinachievingtheSDGs.ThenewFAOStrategicFramework2022-2031,andthealignedIPPCStrategicFramework2020-2030,supportthe2030AgendathroughthetransformationtoMOREefficient,inclusive,resilientandsustainableagri-foodsystemsforbetterproduction,betternutrition,abetterenvironment,andabetterlife,leavingnoonebehind.Thisreportwillprovideinvaluableinformationonlessonslearnedandbestpracticestopolicymakers,researchersandotherplanthealthpractitionersinthepublicandprivatesectors,civilsociety,internationalorganizationsandallotherstakeholders,whosharemyconvictionthatplanthealthisessentialfortheeradicationofhungerandmalnutritionglobally.QuDongyuFAODirector-GeneralPREFACEBYRALFLOPIAN,CHAIRPERSONOFIYPHINTERNATIONALSTEERINGCOMMITTEESince2014,nationalandregionalplantprotectionorganizationsandtheInternationalPlantProtectionConvention,togetherwithpartnersfromtheprivatesector,non-governmentalorganizationsandtheresearchcommunityworkedtirelesslytoorganizeanInternationalYearofPlantHealth.TheintentionfortheIYPHwastoraiseworldwidepublicawarenessonimportantissuesconcerningplanthealth,inparticularonhowplanthealthcontributestofoodsecurity,povertyreductionandthepreservationofbiodiversity.WewantedtoshowtothepublicandtopoliticiansaroundtheworldhowplanthealthcontributestotherealizationoftheUnitedNationsDevelopmentAgenda,andweendeavouredtodemonstratethatplanthealthdoesnotonlyconcernagriculture,butisalsointerconnectedwithenvironmentaldegradationandclimatechange.Ouraimwastoestablishanunderstandingaroundtheworldthatplanthealthisasimportantfortheenvironmentandourlivelihoodsashumanhealthistothewell-beingofpeople.InDecember2019,theIYPHwaslaunched,andtheinternationalplanthealthcommunitywassettoimplementanambitiousprogrammetopromoteplanthealth.TheappearanceoftheCOVID-19pandemic,however,reshapedtheInternationalYearofPlantHealthconsiderably,becausetravelrestrictions,worldwidelockdownsandreducedphysicalinteractionsbetweenpeopleledtocancellationsandpostponementsofin-personeventssuchastradefairs,seminars,meetingsandconferences.ThepandemiccausedareorientationofIYPHcommunicationactivitiesandchannelsand,forthefirsttimeever,aninternationalyearwascentredprimarilyonsocialandvirtualmediaactivities.Theanalyticspresentedinthisreport-thatalmost500millionsialmediaacuntshadbeenreachedandthatpotentially4.4billionreadershavebeenaccessed-aretrulystaggeringandareanindicatorofthesuccessoftheseadjustedmmunicationactivities.TheIYPHwasnotonlyaboutcommunicationandpublicawareness,itwasalsoanopportunitytodeveloppoliciestosetthetracksforaddressingfuturechallengestoplanthealth.Theworkundertakeninrelationtoclimatechangeimpactsonplanthealthwillhaveeffectsonplanthealthpoliciesfordecadestocome.ThenewlyadoptedIPPCStrategicFramework2020-2030identifiedforthefirsttimeadevelopmentagendacontainingtopicsthatshouldbeaddressedbytheinternationalplanthealthcommunityinthenexttenyears.ThepromotionofplanthealthanditsimpactonsustainablefoodsystemsresultedintangiblecontributionstoUnitedNationsworkonfoodsecurity.Theorganizationofaninternationalyearandtheimplementationofitsworkprogrammeisamulti-yearundertaking,whichcanonlybeachievedthroughcooperationwithpassionateandcommittedindividuals.AstheChairoftheIYPHInternationalSteeringCommitteeandtheIYPHTechnicalAdvisoryBody,Ihavebeenluckytobeblessedwiththecooperationofsomanybrilliantandenthusiasticprofessionalsworkingtogether.TheymadetheorganisationoftheIYPHawalkinthepark".IwouldberemissifIdidnotmentionthedeterminingroleofFAOstaff,inparticularthestaffoftheSecretariatoftheInternationalPlantProtectionConvention,forthesuccessfuloutcomeoftheIYPH.Theyhavesetthebarforexcellencewiththeirdedicationandprofessionalism.TheInternationalYearofPlantHealthhasbeenthefoundationforintensifyinginternationalcooperationandnationalactivitiesforimprovingplanthealth.National,regionalandinternationalplanthealthauthoritiesandstakeholdersmustbuildonthisfoundationandcreateplanthealthpoliciesandstructuresthataddressthechallengesofthefuture.Thisreportcontainselementsthatmaybeofassistancewhendevelopingthesepoliciesandstructures.RalfLopianChairoftheIYPHInternationalSteeringCommitteeACKNOWLEDGEMENTSTheInternationalPlantProtectionConvention(IPPC)Secretariatwouldliketorecognizeallexperts,membersoftheCommissiononPhytosanitaryMeasures(CPM)1governingandsubsidiarybodies,aswellasthecontractingparties,regionalplantprotectionorganizations(RPPOs)andpartnersfortheiractiveparticipationin,andpositivecontributionto,theIYPH.TheSecretariathighlyappreciatestheeffortsoftheIYPHInternationalSteeringCommittee(ISC)inprovidingguidanceforimplementationoftheIYPHActionPlan.TheSecretariatalsothankstheIYPHTechnicalAdvisoryBoard,whichprecededtheIYPHISCandprovideditwithknowledgeandexpertise,andalsohelped,amongothers,todevelopIYPHcommunicationmaterials.AspecialthanksshouldalsobegiventothemembersoftheIYPHSecretariat,whichconsistedofFAOstafffromtheIPPCSecretariat,theOfficeofCorporateCommunications(OCC),thePlantProductionandProtectionDivision(NSP)andthePartnershipsandUnitedNationsCollaborationDivision(PSU).CONTRIBUTIONSRECEIVEDTheIPPCSecretariatrecognizesthefollowingcontractingpartiesandorganizationsthatprovidedfinancialsupporttotheIYPHfrom2015to2020.ThesecontributionswereessentialfortheIPPCSecretariattodeliverIYPHactivities.BudgetedresourcesforIYPHactivitiestotalledUSD1220821.AllactivitieswerefundedviaextrabudgetarycontributionsreceivedviatheIPPCMulti-DonorTrustFund(MDTF)andtheIPPCallocationforChina'suOneBelt,OneRoad"initiative.CONTRACTINGPARTIESANDORGANIZATIONSAMOUNT(USD)Australia17495China100000Finland130000France142046Ireland255172InternationalSeedFederation(ISF)9875Kenya10000RepublicofKorea298647UnitedStatesofAmericaZNorthAmericanPlantProtectionOrganization(NAPPO)180000UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland775862TOTAL1220821，USD40,161willbecarriedoverto2022andusedforanInternationalPlantHealthConferencein2022ortowardstheInter-nationalDayofPlantHealth(IDPH2022).2Thiscontributionwillbecarriedoverto2022andusedforanInternationalPlantHealthConferencein2022ortowardstheInternationalDayofPlantHealth(IDPH2022).ABBREVIATIONSANDACRONYMSAPHISAnimalandPlantHealthInspectionServiceoftheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureBBCCAHFSABritishBroadcastingCorporationCaribbeanAgriculturalHealthandFoodSafetyAgencyCBCCIHEAMCOAGCOVID-19CNNCPMEPPOCanadianBroadcastCorporationInternationalCentreforAdvancedMediterraneanAgronomicStudiesCommitteeonAgricultureCoronavirusdisease2019CableNewsNetworkCommissiononPhytosanitaryMeasuresEuropeanandMediterraneanPlantProtectionOrganizationEuphrescoFAOEuropeanPhytosanitaryResearchCoordinationFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsIDPHInternationalDayofPlantHealthIFADInternationalFundforAgriculturalDevelopmentIPHCInternationalPlantHealthConferenceIPPCISCISFIYPHInternationalPlantProtectionConventionInternationalSteeringCommitteeInternationalSeedFederationInternationalYearofPlantHealthIYPHISCMDTFNAPPOInternationalYearofPlantHealthInternationalSteeringCommitteeMulti-DonorTrustFundNorthAmericaPlantProtectionOrganizationNFONPPOForestryDivisionNationalPlantProtectionOrganizationNSLLandandWaterDivisionNSPOCBPlantProductionandProtectionDivisionOfficeofClimateChange,BiodiversityandEnvironmentOCCPSUSDGsTABUNRICUPUUSDAOfficeofCorporateCommunicationsPartnershipsandUnitedNationsCollaborationDivisionSustainableDevelopmentGoalsTechnicalAdvisoryBoardUnitedNationsRegionalInformationCentreforWesternEuropeUniversalPostalUnionUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureUSDWFPUnitedStatesdollarWorldFoodProgrammeixtheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblydeclares2020theInternationalYearofPlantHealth(IYPH)FirstmeetingoftheIYPHInternationalSteeringCommitteeatFAOheadquartersinRome,ItalyIYPHopeningceremonya