ANSI-B92.1-1970(R1993)-SAE美国渐开线花键-中文翻译完整版.docx

SPLINESANDSERRATIONSAsplinedshaftisonehavingaseriesofparallelkeysformedintegrallywiththeshaftandmatingwithcorrespondinggroovescutinahuborfitting;thisarrangementisincontrasttoashafthavingaseriesofkeysorfeathersfittedintoslotscutintotheshaft.Thelatterconstructionweakenstheshafttoaconsiderabledegreebecauseoftheslotscutintoitandconsequently,reducesitstorque-transmittingcapacity.花键轴是一种具有“一系列相互平行的齿、并且齿与轴整体成型”的轴，它与在轮毂上或者装配体上开的键槽相配合。这种装置与“在轴上开槽并且与一组销子或者楔键相配合”的结构相反。后者的结构由于在轴上开槽大大降低了轴（的强度），降低了传递扭矩的能力。Splinedshaftsaremostgenerallyusedinthreetypesofapplications:1）forcouplingshaftswhenrelativelyheavytorquesaretobetransmittedwithoutslippage;2）fortransmittingpowertoslidably-mountedorpermanently-fixedgears,pulleys,andotherrotatingmembers;and3）forattachingpartsthatmayrequireremovalforindexingorchangeinangularposition.花键轴主要用在以下三种情况：1）需要在无滑动的联轴器上传递大的扭矩；2）用于向“可滑动的装配组件”或者“固定装配的齿轮组或滑轮副”传递动力，3）用于“要求指定滑移量或转角位置”的配件上。译注Al：“slidably-mounted”例如球笼式等速万向节，万向节同时能转动一定角度；"ermancnUy-fixcdgears”例如齿轮变速箱。（凡是带“译注”的，表示洋者的理解，下同）Splineshavingstraight-sidedteethhavebeenusedinmanyapplications（seeSAEParallelSideSplinesforSoftBroachedHolesinFittings）;however,theuseofsplineswithteethofinvoluteprofilehassteadilyincreasedsince1）involutesplinecouplingshavegreatertorque-transmittingcapacitythananyothertype;2）theycanbeproducedbythesametechniquesandequipmentasisusedtocutgears;and3）theyhaveaself-centeringactionunderloadevenwhenthereisbacklashbetweenmatingmembers.具有“直边式齿形”的花键已经适用于多种场合（清查看“用于软拉削加工成型的直边式花键”）；然而，“齿侧具有渐开线形状的花键”的使用正在逐步的增长，原因如下：1）渐开线花键传递扭矩的性能超过其他形式；2）可用加工齿轮的技术或设备来加工；3）在内齿和外齿配合情况下产生的反作用力具有自定心功能。译注A2："ParalldSideSplines”指的是矩形花键，文中翻译成“直边式花键”，见6GB"II44矩形花锭尺寸、公差和检验；译注A3：oSAEParallelSideSplinesforSoftBroachedHolesinFittings,（指SAEJ499A,种类似GB/T1144的标准。InvoluteSplinesAmericanNationalStandardInvoluteSplines*.Thesesplinesormultiplekeysaresimilarinformtointernalandexternalinvolutegears.Thegeneralpracticeistoformtheexternalsplineseitherbyhobbing,rolling,oronagearshaper,andinternalsplineseitherbybroachingoronagearshaper.Theinternalsplineisheldtobasicdimensionsandtheexternalsplineisvariedtocontrolthefit.Involutesplineshavemaximumstrengthatthebase,canbeaccuratelyspacedandareself-centering,thusequalizingthebearingandstresses,andtheycanbemeasuredandfittedaccurately.美国渐开线标准：这种花键的成型和齿轮的内外花键类似。通常的成型加工方法是外花键用滚铳刀、搓齿或插齿刀，内花键用拉削、齿轮插齿刀。内花键的尺寸是固定的，外花键根据不同的配合采用不同的尺寸。渐开线花键在近跟处有最大的强度，（键齿）能精确分布和自定心，这样就有相同的支撑力和应力，同时能准确地配合和测量。译注A4：内花键尺寸不变，外花键变，原理等同于基孔制。InAmericanNationalStandardANSIB92.1-1970（R1993）,manyfeaturesofthe1960standardareretained;plustheadditionofthreetoleranceclasses,foratotaloffour.Theterm4involuteserration,formerlyappliedtoinvolutesplineswith45-degreepressureangle,hasbeendeletedandthestandardnowincludesinvolutesplineswith30-,37.5-,and45-degreepressureangles.Tablesforthesesplineshavebeenrearrangedaccordingly.Theterm“serration''willnolongerapplytosplinescoveredbythisStandard.在美国渐开线标准ANSlB92.1-1970（R1993）中，保留了许多1960版本的特征；增加了三种公差等级，现一共有四种公差等级。前版中45度压力角使用的术语“渐开线锯齿involuteserration,本版本已经删除。现在版本包含了30度、37.5度和40度压力角的渐开线花键。相对应的表格也做了更新。术语“involuteserration”不再适用本标准。TheStandardhasonlyonefitclassforallsidefitsplines;theformerClass2fit.Class1fithasbeendeletedbecauseofitsinfrequentuse.Themajordiameteroftheflatrootsidefitsplinehasbeenchangedandatoleranceappliedtoincludetherangeofthe1950andthe1960standards.Theinterchangeabilitylimitationswithsplinesmadetopreviousstandardsaregivenlaterinthesectionentitled"Interchangeability.”本标准中只有一种齿侧配合情况:第二种情况。在旧标准中的第一种情况由于不太使用已经被删除。平齿根齿侧配合中的大径已经有所变化，并且应用了包含1950和I960版本范围的公差。旧版本的花键术语“interchangeabilitylimitations,己经被新版本的Interchangeability”代替。译注A5：旧版中的配合第一种情况是“较松配合”，第二种情况是“较紧配合参数是CVmin,较松配合的CVmin的值见旧版，这里不讨论，较紧配合的CVmin=0“原来"最大实际弧齿槽宽”的计算公式为：SmaX=Smin+Cvmin+m+（具体参数意思看后面章节），删除第一种情况后SmaX=Smin+m+-Therehavebeennotolerancenorfitchangestothemajordiameterfitsection外径配合部分，（与旧版相比）公差和配合情况没有改变。TheStandardrecognizesthefactthatproperassemblybetweenmatingsplinesisdependentonlyonthesplinebeingwithineffectivespecificationsfromthetipofthetoothtotheformdiameter.Therefore,onsidefitsplines,theinternalsplinemajordiameternowisshownasamaximumdimensionandtheexternalsplineminordiameterisshownasaminimumdimension.Theminimuminternalmajordiameterandthemaximumexternalminordiametermustclearthespecifiedformdiameterandthusdonotneedanyadditionalcontrol.本标准认为影响花键合理装配的作用区域是从齿顶（外花键大圆或内花键小圆）到“渐开线构成圆”之间的那段范围，因此在齿侧配合情况下，内花键大径以“最大尺寸值”出现，外花键小径以“最小尺寸值”出现。“内花键大径的最小值”应大于“渐开线构成圆”的直径，“外花键小径的最大值”应小于“渐开线构成圆”的直径（见后面“FormCircle"的定义）。此外，没必要指定额外的控制条件（见“译注B7”）。Thesplinespecificationtablesnowincludeagreaternumberoftolerancelevelselections.Thesetoleranceclasseswereaddedforgreaterselectiontosuitendproductneeds.Theselectionsdifferonlyinthetoleranceasappliedtospacewidthandtooththickness.花键的规格表中，提供了多种公差水平的选择，以适应最终装配需求。选择不同的公差在“弧齿槽宽”和“弧齿厚”中应用。*SeeAmericanNationalStandardANSIB92.2M-1980（Rl989）,MetricModuleInvoluteSplines;alsoseepage2177.见美国国家标准ANSIB92.2M-1980（Rl989）公制模数渐开线花键，可也参见（原版的）第2177页。译注A6：渐开线花键（也包括渐开线齿轮）所定义的“齿宽”、“齿厚”，都是指瓠度方向上的长度。ThetoleranceclassusedinASAB5.15-1960isthebasisandisnowdesignatedastoleranceClass5.Thenewtoleranceclassesarebasedonthefollowingformulas:在ASAB5.15-1960中使用的基本公差，已经被本标准中公差等级5代替，各关系见下表:ToleranceClass4（公差等级4）=ToleranceClass5（公差等级5）×0.71ToleranceClass6（公差等级6）=ToleranceClass5（公差等级5）×1.40ToleranceClass7（公差等级7）=ToleranceClass5（公差等级5）×2.00Alldimensionslistedinthisstandardareforthefinishedpart.Therefore,anycompensationthatmustbemadeforoperationsthattakeplaceduringprocessing,suchasheattreatment,mustbetakenintoaccountwhenselectingthetolerancelevelformanufacturing.本标准罗列的所有尺寸为最终成品尺寸。因此，在加工过程中必须考虑修正系数，慎重选择加工的公差等级。Thestandardhasthesameinternalminimumeffectivespacewidthandexternalmaximumeffectivetooththicknessforalltoleranceclassesandhastwotypesoffit.Fortoothsidefits,theminimumeffectivespacewidthandthemaximumeffectivetooththicknessareofequalvalue.Thisbasicconceptmakesitpossibletohaveinterchangeableassemblybetweenmatingsplineswheretheyaremadetothisstandardregardlessofthetoleranceclassoftheindividualmembers.Atoleranceclass“mix"ofmatingmembersisthusallowed,whichoftenisanadvantagewhereonememberisconsiderablylessdifficulttoproducethanitsmate,andthe“average“toleranceappliedtothetwounitsissuchthatitsatisfiesthedesignneed.Forinstance,assigningaClass5tolerancetoonememberandClass7toitsmatewillprovideanassemblytoleranceintheClass6range.Themaximumeffectivetooththicknessislessthantheminimumeffectivespacewidthformajordiameterfitstoallowforeccentricityvariations.本标准中，所有公差等级的“内花键最小作用弧齿槽宽”和“外花键最大作用弧齿厚”的值是相同的，并且有两种配合类型。齿侧配合类，“内花键最小作用弧齿槽宽”和“外花键最大作用弧齿厚”的值相等。这一理念使得根据本标准制造的各种公差等级的单个花键能够互配。一个“混合”公差等级的配合是允许的，这样的优点是在于，一个配合零件的制造难度更小于与它相配的另一个零件。并且，“平均”的公差，也是设计需要。例如，将一个5级和7级公差的害件配合，可以得到一个范围为6级公差的配合。外径配合类，“外花键最大作用弧齿厚”比“内花键最小作用弧齿槽宽”要小，这种配合适用（装配后）的偏心情况。译注A7：“两种配合类型”指的是“齿侧配合”和“外径配合”。（也有的参考翻译成“齿形定心”和“大径定心”）Intheeventthefitasprovidedinthisstandarddoesnotsatisfyaparticulardesignneedandaspecificamountofeffectiveclearanceorpressfitisdesired,thechangeshouldbemadeonlytotheexternalsplinebyareductionoranincreaseineffectivetooththicknessandalikechangeinactualtooththickness.Theminimumeffectivespacewidth,inthisstandard,isalwaysbasic.Thebasicminimumeffectivespacewidthshouldalwaysberetainedwhenspecialdesignsarederivedfromtheconceptofthisstandard.如果本标准规定的配合不能满足特殊的作用侧隙或压力配合的设计需要，设计更改应只改变（减少或增加）”外花键的作用弧齿厚”或“实际弧齿厚”。本标准的理念就是“内花键最小作用弧齿槽宽”是基本值（不变的）。TermsAppliedtoInvoluteSplines.Thefollowingdefinitionsofinvolutesplineterms,herelistedinalphabeticalorder,aregivenintheAmericanNationalStandard.SomeofthesetermsareillustratedinthediagraminTable6.渐开线花键术语一下列美国国家标准中规定的渐开线花键术语按字母顺序排列，部分术语可参见表6中的图形。ActiveSplineLength（La）isthelengthofsplinethatcontactsthematingspline.Onslidingsplines,itexceedsthelengthofengagement.有效花键长度：花键配合部分的长度。滑动情况下，这个长度长于配合的部分。ActualSpaceWidth（s）isthecircularwidthonthepitchcircleofanysinglespaceconsideringaninfinitelythinincrementofaxialsplinelength.实际弧齿槽宽：在内花键节圆(分度圆)上，各齿槽间的弧长度。译注B1：*infinitelythinincrement"表示将圆弧进行无限的分割(使之成为直线)，微积分概念。ActualToothThickness(t)isthecircularthicknessonthepitchcircleofanysingletoothconsideringaninfinitelythinincrementofaxialsplinelength.实际弧齿厚：在外花键节圆(分度圆)上，各齿上的弧长度。AlignmentVariationisthevariationoftheeffectivesplineaxiswithrespecttothereferenceaxis(seeFig.lc).同心度偏差：实际花键轴心和参考轴心之间的偏差。(见图IC)译注B2：本译文中的“Variation”翻译为“偏差”，"Tolerance”翻译为“公差”。因为按照字面理解，“Variation”指的是实际与理论的相差状态，"Iblerance”指的是相差的具体数值和范围。BaseCircleisthecirclefromwhichinvolutesplinetoothprofilesareconstructed.基圆：渐开线齿形开始形成处的假象圆。BaseDiameter(Db)isthediameterofthebasecircle.基圆直径：基圆所在处的直径。BasicSpaceWidthisthebasicspacewidthfor30-degreepressureanglesplines;halfthecircularpitch.Thebasicspacewidthfor37.5-and45-degreepressureanglesplines,however,isgreaterthanhalfthecircularpitch.Theteethareproportionedsothattheexternaltooth,atitsbase,hasaboutthesamethicknessastheinternaltoothattheformdiameter.Thisproportioningresultsingreaterminordiametersthanthoseofcomparableinvolutesplinesof30-degreepressureangle.基本弧齿槽宽：压力角30度下，为周节的一半。压力角37.5度和45度下，要大于周节的一半。这样，在基圆处的外花键弧齿厚和在“内花键渐开线构成圆的弧齿厚”是相等的。这种比例引起了“压力角37.5度和45度的小径”要大于“压力角30度”的小径。CircularPitch(p)isthedistancealongthepitchcirclebetweencorrespondingpointsofadjacentsplineteeth.周节：节圆(分度圆)上相邻同侧齿形之间的弧长。DepthofEngagementistheradialdistancefromtheminorcircleoftheinternalsplinetothemajorcircleoftheexternalspline,minuscornerclearanceand/orchamferdepth.啮合深度：从内花键小径到外花键大径之间的，并减去“conmerClearanCe拐角裕度”和(或)倒角的径向距离。译注B3：conmcrclearance*见图2.DiametralPitch(P)isthenumberofsplineteethperinchofpitchdiameter.Thediametralpitchdeterminesthecircularpitchandthebasicspacewidthortooththickness.Inconjunctionwiththenumberofteeth,italsodeterminesthepitchdiameter.(SeealsoPitch.)径节：在节圆上，每英寸的花键齿数。他决定了周节和基本弧齿槽宽或弧齿厚。它和齿数共同确定了节圆直径。EffectiveClearance(cv)istheeffectivespacewidthoftheinternalsplineminustheeffectivetooththicknessofthematingexternalspline.作用侧隙：内花键作用弧齿槽宽减去与之相配的内花键作用弧齿厚。(正值为间隙，负值为过盈)EffectiveSpaceWidth(Sv)ofaninternalsplineisequaltothecirculartooththicknessonthepitchcircleofanimaginaryperfectexternalsplinethatwouldfittheinternalsplinewithoutloosenessorinterferenceconsideringengagementoftheentireaxiallengthofthespline.Theminimumeffectivespacewidthoftheinternalsplineisalwaysbasic,asshowninTable3.Fitvariationsmaybeobtainedbyadjustingthetooththicknessoftheexternalspline.作用弧齿槽宽（Sv）：数值等于一与之在全齿长上配合（无间隙且无过盈）的“理想全齿外花键节圆弧齿厚”的弧齿槽宽。“内花键最小作用弧齿槽宽”是基本值，其值在表3中列出。用改变外花键的弧齿厚来获得各种不同的配合。译注B4：EffectiveSpaceWidth（Sv）.国标GBf3478.1-2008恻柱直齿渐开线花键（以下简称GGB3478.1）中的缩写为Ev.Reference Axis8参考轴Three Types of Involute Spline Variations 三种渐开线花键偏差Reference Axis 参考轴图 1 b. Parallelism Variation （平行度偏差）Center Lines of, Teeth 齿中心线图 lc. Alignment Variation （同轴度偏差）Reference Axis参考轴EffectiveToothThickness（tv）ofanexternalsplineisequaltothecircularspacewidthonthepitchcircleofanimaginaryperfectinternalsplinethatwouldfittheexternalsplinewithoutloosenessorinterference,consideringengagementoftheentireaxiallengthofthespline.作用弧齿厚（tv）：数值等于一与之在全齿长上配合（无间隙且无过盈）的“理想全齿外花键节圆弧齿厚”的弧齿槽宽。译注B5：EffectiveToothThickness（tv）,国标GB3478.1中的缩写为Sv。EffectiveVariationistheaccumulatedeffectofthesplinevariationsonthefitwiththematingpart.作用偏差：配合渐开线花键上的各种偏差的累积。ExternalSplineisasplineformedontheoutersurfaceofacylinder.外花键：在圆柱外表面形成的花键。Filletistheconcaveportionofthetoothprofilethatjoinsthesidestothebottomofthespace.齿根圆弧：联结齿形处和底部（小圆）的凹处部分。FilletRootSplinesarethoseinwhichasinglefilletinthegeneralformofanarcjoinsthesidesofadjacentteeth.圆齿根花键：两侧渐开线齿形由一段或近似一段过渡曲线与底部（小圆）相连的花键。FlatRootSplinesarethoseinwhichfilletsjointhearcsofmororminorcirclestothetoothsides.平齿根花键：两侧渐开线齿形各由一段过渡曲线与齿根圆相连接的花键。FormCircleisthecirclewhichdefinesthedeepestpointsofinvoluteformcontrolofthetoothprofile.Thiscirclealongwiththetoothtipcircle（orstartofchamfercircle）determinesthelimitsoftoothprofilerequiringcontrol.Itislocatednearthemajorcircleontheinternalsplineandneartheminorcircleontheexternalspline.渐开线构成圆：渐开线构成圆是用于控制齿廓上渐开线的极限距离的圆。渐开线构成圆与齿顶圆（或者倒角线的起点所在的圆）共同构成了“所要求的渐开线齿廓”的范围。渐开线构成圆的位置靠近内花键的大圆（齿根圆）或者外花键的小圆（齿根圆）。译注B6：在GBT3478.1-2008中，将FOrmCyCIe定义为两个圆：键的渐开线终止圆（内花键用和渐开线起始圆（外花键用）。而在本标准中，将这两个圆统称为FormCycle,译者将FOrmCyCIe翻译为渐开线构成圆.（这个圆与另外一个圆，构成广渐开线使用的范围）。具体看（GB3478.0中，表1序号17-20和图1渐开线花健联结。译注Bz定义FOrmCirCle（渐开线构成圆）的原因是：在渐开线构成圆与齿顶圆（或者倒角戏的起点所在的圆）之间的花键的齿形必须为渐开线齿形，其余部分不一定按照渐开级成形.译注B8：句中Chamfer,并不是指真正的倒角，而是种平滑的过渡线。（渐开线和大径或小径的过渡线）译注B9：这个范围是一个直径的范围。也就是从直径A开始到直径B为止，这中间的齿麻必须为渐开线。FormClearance（cf）istheradialdepthofinvoluteprofilebeyondthedepthofengagementwiththematingpart.Itallowsforloosenessbetweenmatingsplinesandforeccentricitiesbetweentheminorcircle（internal）,themajorcircle（external）,andtheirrespectivepitchcircles.齿形裕度：齿形裕度（CF）是相互配合的内、外花键的渐开线齿廓超过结合部分的径向距离。（定义齿形裕度的原因是）它允许相互配合的内、外花键之间存在一定间隙，而且小径（内花键）、大圆（外花键）、以及内、外花键各自的节圆之间存在一定的偏心距。译注BI0：关TCF请看CGB3478.1,图I渐开线花键联结cF,或者本标准表6,图中cFFormDiameter（Dfc,DFi）thediameteroftheformcircle.渐开线构成圆直径（Dfc,DFi）:渐开线构成圆所在圆的直径。（见译注B4和表6中的图）InternalSplineisasplineformedontheinnersurfaceofacylinder.内花键：在圆柱体的孔的内表面形成的花键。InvoluteSplineisonehavingteethwithinvoluteprofiles.渐开线花键：花键的齿形为渐开线形式的花键。1.eadVariationisthevariationofthedirectionofthesplinetoothfromitsintendeddirectionparalleltothereferenceaxis,alsoincludingparallelismandalignmentvariations（seeFig.la）.Note:Straight（nonhelical）splineshaveaninfinitelead.齿向偏差：花键的键齿的实际齿线与花键的参考轴线之间的平行度偏差的最大绝对值。它包括平行度偏差（见图Ib）和同轴度偏差（见图la）o注意：直齿花键（非螺旋花键）的齿向偏差为无限长。译注BIB在IlSO4156StraightcylindricalinvolutesplinesMetricmodule,sideft中,“Leadvariation“定义为"Helixdeviation”。国标CGB3478.1»定义为“齿向公差工本人认为OSO4156中的定义和图形更详细和易于理解。根据USO4I56中定义，"Formdeviation"（综合形状偏差），包括了三种：ProfiledeviationIndexdeviationf11helixdeviationo“Formdeviation”的值即为GB3478.1中的uDeviationallowance（）=（TotalProfiledeviation+TotalIndexdeviation+Totalhelixdeviation）1.engthofEngagement（Lq）istheaxiallengthofcontactbetweenmatingsplines.配合长度（Lq）：配合长度是配合花键接触段轴向的长度。MachiningTolerance（m）isthepermissiblevariationinactualspacewidthoractualtooththickness.加工公差（m）：加工公差是花键的实际弧齿槽宽和实际弧齿厚的允许的变动量。译注B12：在«GB3478.11中，加工公差代号为T。MajorCircleisthecircleformedbytheoutermostsurfaceofthespline.Itistheoutsidecircle（toothtipcircle）oftheexternalsplineortherootcircleoftheinternalspline.大圆：大圆是花键的最大齿形面的形成的圆。它是外花键的外圆（齿顶圆），和内花键的齿根圆。MajorDiameter（Do,D11）isthediameterofthemajorcircle.大径:大圆直径（Dq,Dri）是大圆所在圆的直径。MinorCircleisthecircleformedbytheinnermostsurfaceofthespline.Itistherootcircleoftheexternalsplineortheinsidecircle（toothtipcircle）oftheinternalspline.小圆：小圆是花键的最小齿形面的形成的圆。它是外花键的齿根圆，和内花键的内圆（齿顶圆）。MinorDiameter（Drc,Di）isthediameteroftheminorcircle.小圆直径：小圆直径（DrC,Di）是小圆所在圆的直径。NominalClearanceistheactualspacewidthofaninternalsplineminustheactualtooththicknessofthematingexternalspline.Itdoesnotdefinethefitbetweenmatingmembers,becauseOftheeffectOtvariations理论侧隙：理论侧隙是“内定键的实际弧齿槽宽”减去与之相互配合的“外花键的实际弧齿厚”所得的值。由于（内、外花键）的各种实际偏差，理论侧隙不能用于确定花键的配合情况。OutofRoundnessisthevariationofthesplinefromatruecircularconfiguration.圆度：圆度是花键与理论圆的轮廓之间的偏差。ParallelismVariationisthevariationofparallelismofasinglesplinetoothwithrespecttoanyothersinglesplinetooth（seeFig.lb）.