Unit8总复习讲义（完型填空技巧讲解重点单词短语总结重点语法单元作文）2023-2024学年人教英.docx

2023年秋季人教版八年级上册讲义Unit8Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?(一)完型填空解题技巧技巧1语境推断语境推断是指根据上下文语境的提示或暗示,身临其境地理解文章的语境和作者的情感态度,推断出符合场景的最佳选项。语境推断也是完形域空中最主要的命题角度。艇嫡胁（陕西完形填空第二节节选改编）Remy'smothergotSiCk（生病的）beforehewasborn.ShecouldnotcareaboutRemy.Soheneededafostermother（养母）totakecareofhim.Afostermotherisamotherwhotakessomeoneelse'schildintoherandcaresforthechildforaPeriod（一段时间）oftimejustaswhatshewoulddotoherownchild.A.officeB.schoolC.shopD.family明考法技巧2迂辑推理迂辑推理是指通过上下文语境透露出的信息进行解题。首先,要正确理解所给信息,再遵律迂辑概念及迂辑关系进行合理分析和推断。魏蚓水陕西完好填空第二节改编）1.ifewasnotwonderfulanymoreaftersomerobbers（盗贼）movedontoanisland.Bobonarowantedtodriveallofthemaway.Alongtheway,hemetadog,amonkeyandabird.Bobonarogaveeachofthemsomefoodandhelpedthemalot.Sotheybecamegoodfriends.hetoldthemabouthisproblem,eachofthethreefriendsSaid,“Iwillhelpyougettherobbersaway.”A.UnlessB.IfC.BeforeD.When明考法中考完形填空对于语境的考查最为常见,半数以上的题目都是语篇层次上的语义辩析。主要考查角度如下：前置性设空:前文一般会给出举例或说明,需结合上文语义和语境进行适当的推理分析,综合判断,得出答案；(2)后置性设空:需要结合下文内容选出正确答案,通常下文有提示、举例、解释或说明;(3)联系语篇:需要联系全文的情境、内容确定答案,主要考查文章的主旨要义、作者的观点态度等,这类题目在首段或末尾居多。解题技巧：此类试题需要学生根据文聿弄清楚是前置性设空,后置性设空,还是需要联系语篇确定答案,然后根据对应的设空形式,确定答案。中考对逻辑推理的考查包含以下4个角度:(1)并列关系:and,or,notonly.butalso.等，正确选项与上下文关键信息是同义、近义词；(2)精折/让步关系:but,however,though,although等,正确选项与句中关键词具有相反意义；因果关系:利用since,because,so,for,nowthat等,推出与设空前后内容是因果关系的选项；(4)递进关系:如空后内容是对空前内容的进一步说明,会用到even0解题技巧：此类试题需要学生弄清楚并列关系、档折/让步关系、因果关系、递进关系，并根据对应关系的词确定答案。J微语篇提能力完形填空选自外文素材EvanMoorDailyReadingprehension三明治的制作YesterdayImadeacheesesandwichbyhand.Iboughtsomecheese,several_Lofbreadandsomebutter.Then1startedmakingthesandwich.12somebutterinabowlfirst.Andthenput3onapieceofbread.Then1putthecheeseonthebread.Icookedthesandwichovermediumtemperaturesothe4begantomelt（融化）.ThemeltedcheesewouldalsocoversomevegetableslikelettucethatIhaveaddedinside.Next,IputalltheSeaSOningS（调料）intothecup.Then1_5thecuptomixtheseasoningswell.Finally,Iaddeditonthe6andputanotherpieceofbreadonthetop.Adelicioussandwichwasready.（）1.A.piecesB.glassesC.boxes（）2.A.madeB.ate（）3.A.fewB.afewlittle（）4.A.sugarB.butterC.cheeseD.pepper（）5.A.shookB.enjoyedD.expected（）6.A.honeyB.cakeC.dumplingD.sandwich（二）重点单词、短语回顾一、根据句意及汉语提示填写单词1. （教材P58改编）Don'tforgettoaddsome（盐）toRussiansoup.2. Maryputsomesugarintothecoffeeand（摇动）thecupquickly.3. 1.inda,pleasehelpmeputa（勺）ofmilkintothetea.4. The（蜂蜜）frommyhometownisreallydelicious.5. Myfavoritefruitis（西瓜）andIofteneatalotinsummer.6. （教材P60改编）Putthetomatoesonthe（三明治）.7. （教材P103改编）Aftereverythingisready,putanother（片）ofbreadontop.8. Mybrotherdoesn'tlikeany（黄油）inahamburgeratall,butIlikethatalot.9. 1.indalikeslettuce,andsheusually（添加）sometohernoodles.10. Pleaseputthetreeinthe（洞）andpoursomewaterintoit.11. （教材P6I改编）Inmostcountries,peopleusuallyeat（传统的）foodonspecialdays.12. （教材P61改编）TheSpringFestivalisatimeforpeopletogettogetherandtheyusually（庆祝）itwithabigfamilymeal.1. .It'sveryimportanttocontrolthe（温度）whenwecookthefood.14. Myparentsusuallyspendseveraldayshelpingmygrandmapickapplesin（秋天）eachyear.15. 1.isteningtomusicisoneofmy（hobby）,anditmakesmerelaxalot.1.2.3.重点短语总集 奶昔 milk shake 接通；打开IUrnOn 切碎cut UP4. 把倒进.里PoUrinto把放进.里 put.ininto.5. 一杯酸奶 a/one cup of yogurt6.做（罗宋）汤/爆米花/牛肉面make13.一些；几个afew+名词复数(Russian)soup/popcorn/beefnoodles14.用覆盖cover.with.7.另外10分钟anothertenminutes15.把切成.cctinto8.从中拿出16.用某物招待某人takeoutfrom.=take.outofservesthtosb=servesb(with)sth.9.一片/块/段apieceof17.以高温；在高温下10.对表示感谢givethanksforataveryhightemperature11.把和混合mix.and.18.现在；如今thesedays12.用装满.fill.with.19.一个接一个onebyone一、翻译句子1 .你怎样做香蕉奶昔？2 .我们需要多少杳蕉？3 .我们需要多少酸奶？4 .这是为感恩节大餐制作火鸡的一种方法。5 .现在就是享有米线的时刻了！how many "多少”，问数量后按可数名询复数形式how much “多少”问数量或问价格后接不可数名询（三）考点精讲要点 1 how many 和 how muchHow many books are there on the desk?桌上有几本书？How much is your schoolbag?你的书包多少钱？ How much milk is there in the bottle?瓶子里有多少牛奶？ 有一点、儿。【典例分析】There are five. 有五本。-It,s 100>,waw.一百元。There is only a little.只apples are there in the basket?)1 LSix.A. How oldB. How much)2. is the bike?Only 150 yuan.A. How muchB. How many C. How long)3. 一 juice do We need?Four bottles.A. How muchB. How many C. How old)4. _is the price of the two pairs of shoes?C. How manyD. How oftenD. HowD. How heavyA. What, It isIOO yuan.B. How much, It'sC. What, They areD. How much, They are()5.1wanttomakeabananashake.Pleasetellme,milkdoIneed,andbananasdoIneed?A.howmuch;howmuchB.howmany;howmanyC.howmuch;howmanyD.howmany;howmuch要点2turnon（1）在英语中，由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词的宾语如果是代询，只能放在动词与副词之间；如果是名词，既可以放在它们之间，也可以放在副例之后OtUnl与Off;on;up;down;OVer搭配均是动副绥构。例如：Pleaseturnthetapoff.Don,tturniton.请把水龙头关掉，别打开。Turnontheputer.=Turntheputeron.打开电脑。（2）turnon与open的群析：turnon通常指打开水龙头、煤或电灯、电视等电器的开关，其对应词为turnoff。OPen指把关着或封着的门、窗、箱子、盒子等打开，其对应词为CIOSe。例如：1 wanttowatchthefootballmatch.PleaseturnontheTV.我想看足球比赛，请把电视打开。Pleaseopenthedoorforme.请为我开门。（3）与turn相关的短语：turnup（把音量）调大，调高turndown（把音量）调小，调低turnin上交turninto使成为；制译成turnoff关：熄灭（灯、煤气等）【典例分析】1.HeM丁开)theputerandbeginstodohishomework.Please(打开)thedoorandlettheboyein.()2.Sara,theTVrightnow.It,stimetogotobed.Oh,Mum,thisismyfavouriteprogramme!A.turnonB.turnoffC.IumupD.turndown()3.Hownoisyitis!CouldyoupleasetheCDplayeralittle?D. turn upD. turn onD. turn off itA.turnoffB.turndownC.tumon)4.MumwantstowatchtheCCTVnews.Let,stheTV.A.tumdownB.turnoffC.turnto)5.1wanttousetheputer.Canyou?A.tumonitB.tumitonC.tumitoff要点3cutupCUtIlP意为"切碎”，其同义询组为CUtintOPieCeSoCUtUP后跟代词作宾语时，代词应放在CUt和IIP之间；接名词作宾语时，名词通常放在UP后。例如：cutit（them）up把它（它们）切碎cutuptheapple把那个苹果切碎【拓展】CUtdoWn砍倒；砍伐；减少CUtOff切断；切除cutout删除CUtin插嘴【典例分析】()1.Elephantsarelosingtheirhomesbecausepeopletoomanytrees.A.cutupB.cutoutC.cutoffD.cutdown()2.Wemustcutthetomatoesandputthemtheblender.A.off;inB.up;inC.down;intoD.over;in要点4add的用法add作动词，意为“加，增加”，常用以下结构：(1) add.to.意为“把加到”，例如：Don,taddfueltotheflames.别再火上浇油了。(2) addto表示“增加；增添”，其中to是介同,后按名词或代词。例如：Eachgirlpresentatthepartywaswearingaflowerinthehair,whichaddedtotheirbeauty.参加晚会的姑娘人人头上都戴有一朵花,使得她们显得愈加漂亮。(3) addupto意为“总计；加起来l果是“。例如：Allthenumbersadduptoexactly900.所有数加起来一共900.【典例分析】()1.Ifmoresalttothesoup,itwilltastebetterA.isaddedB.willbeaddedC.willaddD.Adds()2.Pleaseallthefigurestoseehowmuchthey.A.add;addupB.addup;adduptoC.addup;addupD.add;addto()3.He.somesugarthecoffee.A.put；atB.added；toC.added;withD.added；/要点5prepare的用法prepare意为“使做好准备;把准备好”。用法如下：©preparefor=getreadyfor为做准备©preparetodosth.准备做某事©preparesth.forsb.为某人准备某物【拓展】prepare的名词形式为PrePamtion,意为“准备”B寸,作不可数名词;意为“准备工作”时,作可数名词。()1.Look!TheWhitesareforabigfamilydinnerinthekitchen.A.lookingB.askingC.preparingD.caring()2.everythingaheadoftime,andyouwillbesuccessful.A.lookB.askC.prepareD.care要点6cover的用法(I)COVer动词,恚为“遮jt;覆jt;包含,包括常见用法如下：cover.with.覆”sth.becoveredWith.某物被覆Jt如:Lindacoveredherfacewithherhands.琳达用手遮住脸。ThetableiscoveredwithaCIOth.桌子被一块布盖着。(2)Coyer名词,意为“覆盖物子;(书刊等的)封面，封皮乙如:ThiSglassbowlhasaplasticCoVer.这个玻璃碗有一个塑料盖子。()1.Whenwearrivedhome,theinsideofourhousewaswithrainwater.A.helpedB.coveredC.mixedD.made()2.DuringMay,mostplacesinChinaarewarm.ButMountQomolangmaisstillcoldandcoveredsnow.A.withB.toC.byD.for(四)重点语法(一)可数名词和不可数名词的用法区别(1)可数名询有单数和复数两种形式，而不可数名词没有复数身式。(2)不定冠词aan.基数词可直接修饰可数名词，表示数量。而不可数名词在表示数量时,则用“先词/基数词+表示计量单位的名词+of+不可数名词(3)可敷名词复数前可用many,some,any,few,afew,alotof,lotsof等修饰；不可数名词前可用much,some,any,little,alittle,alotof,lotsof等修饰。(4)可数名词作主语时，谓语动词与主语的单复数保持一致，不可数名词作主语时，语语动词用第三人称单数彩式(5)提问可数名词的数量用howmany,提问不可教名词的数量用howmuch。1名词复数的规则变化：(1) 一般情况下在网尾加So如：bookhooks,chairchairs(2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词，在词尾加es。如：classclasses,boxboxes(3)以f或fel尾的名询，先将f或fe变为V,再加eSo如：shelfshelves,wifewives(4)以o结尾的名询，词尾加es或s。如：tomatotomatoes,photophotos(5)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，先将y改为i,再加es。如：babybabies,factoryfactories2名词复数的不规则变化：(1)元音字母发生变化。如：manmen,womanwomen,footfeet,toothteeth,mousemice,goosegeese(2)单、复数形式相同。如：deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese(3)词尾发生变化。如：childchildren(4)有些名词只有复数形式。如：clothes,trousers,people(5)man,woman修饰其他名词时，单复数要与被修饰的名词保持一致。如：amandoctormendoctors【典例分析】一、将可数名词和不可数名词分类，境入对应的位，：apple,bread,coffee,eggjuice,milk,potato,advice,tomato,tea,desk,guitar,tree,bus,weather,information可数名词：不可数名词：二、用单词的适当形式填空1. Howmanydoyouhave?(dictionary)2. Shelikeseatingnoodlesverymuchandshedoesn,taddtoomuchsalttothem,(tomato)3. Thereisabytheriverandtherearemanyonthehill,(sheep)4. 1.indaboughttwointhesupermarketlastnight,(knife)5. Thesewatchesweremadeby.(German)6. ismyfavoritecolorandIalsolikeeatingbest.(orange)7. Nomatterwhattimewearegettingthrough,(hero)arealwaysaroundus.8. Myaunt'sbabyhasfour(tooth)now.9. 1.etlifebebeautifullikesummerflowersanddeathlikeautumn(leaf).10.1havesome(photo)that1tookinAustralialastyear.(二)祈使句祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常被省喀，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。一、祈使句的宜定句式：一般分为以下四种类型：(1)实义动词+其他成分。Makesentencesafterthemodel.根据例句造句。(2) Be动词+其他成分(彩容词、名词或介词短语等)。Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.过马路时要小心。1.et+宾语+动词原痴+其他成分。1.ethimgobacknow.让他现在回去吧。(4)无动司祈使句。Thisway,please!请这边走！Justaminute,please!请稍等片刻！二、祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通,常情况下在动词原形前加上don't或IIeVer,一般分为以下三种类型：(1)在肯定祈使句的动词原形前加don%构成“Doni+动词原彩+其他成分Don'tsaythatagain!别再那样说了！(2)Iet引季的祈雇句的否定形式有两种：以Iel开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，在Iel前加don't©Don,tletmegowithhertomorrow.不要让我明天跟她一起去。以IerS开头的祈使句，必须在IerS后加nol。1.et'snotplayputergamesfromnowon.从现在开始，我们不玩电脑游戏了吧。(3)在公共场客的提京语中，否定祈使句常用“No+名词/动词的ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事"。NOPHOTOS!禁止拍照！【典例分析】()LTbm,afraidofspeakingoutyourideas.A.don'tB.notC.notbeD.don'tbe()2.Don'truninthehallwaysandarrivelateforclass.A.nottoB.won'tC.don,tD.no()3.kindandhelpfultothepeoplearoundus,andwewillmaketheworldaniceplacetolivein.A.BeB.BeingC.TbbeD.Been()4.uexerciseeveryday,myson.It,sgoodforyourhealth,Dadoftensaystohim.A.Takestake()5.wakeupyoursister,Ben.Sheneedsagoodsleep.A.Don'tB.Doesn'tC.Aren'tD.Can,t()6.carefully,please!Thereisaschoolahead,drive()7.thedishesafterdinner,Tony.Noproblem,Mom.wash(Tom,heretocarrytheluggageupstairsforme,willyou?Allright.D.toe()9.ondoingsportseveryday,andyou11lhaveahealthybody.A.KeepB.TokeepC.KeepsD.Keeping()10.walkonthegrass.A.Doesn,tB.Don,tC.Not(五)单元作文介绍你最喜欢的食物及制作方法【写作任务】(SeCtiOnB3c)某英文杂志新设栏目在线烹饪并公开征集稿件，内容主要是介绍你最喜欢的食物及制作方法。假如你最喜欢的食物是蛋炒饭，请写一篇短文向该杂志投稿。【思路点拨】1 .定基调体裁：说明文时态：一般现在时人称：第二人称2 .谋布局、写句子3 .巧衔接本文主要描述蛋炒饭的制作过程，所以可以用first,next,then,finally等表示顺序的词来连接各步骤，使文章过渡自然，富有逻辑。4 .成篇聿Hello,myfavoritefoodisricefriedwitheggs.HereIwilltellyouhowtomakeit.Homework:一、单项选择()1.yogurtdoyouneed?-Twocups.A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.HowoftenD.Howlong()2.Yoursisterissleepingontheherthequill,Linda.A.fill;withB.full;ofC.cover：withD.cook：for()3.Thenewrestaurantpeoplemanykindsofdeliciousnotgothere?A.cooksB.servesC.sharesD.orders()4.1wanttousethemeattomakeyouhelpme?A.cutitupB.cutupitC.putitupD.putupit()5.Let'smakeabananamilkshake.A.That'sagoodideaB.You'reweleC.ThankyouD.No,wedon't()6.Putsomeandchickenonthesandwich.A.meal;pieceB.meats;piecesC.meat;piecesD.meats;piece()7.Howbeautifultheplaceis!Ireallywanttostayherefordays.A.twoanotherB.twootherC.anothertwoD.moretwo()8.Theblenderisdirty.itwithyoursisterthisafternoon.A.CleaningB.CleanC.TocleanD.Cleaned()9._coffeewouldyouliketodrink?-Onlytwocups.A.WhatB.WhatkindofC.HowmanyD.Howmuch()10.一Iwanttomakeatomatomilkshake.WhatdoIneed?Youneedtomatoesandyogurt.A.two;someB.two;manyC.little;manyD.little;some()1LOurparentsusuallyteaandfruittovisitorsinthelivingroom.A.addB.sendC.serveD.peel()12.It'stoodarkinthethelight.A.turnoffB.turningoffC.turnonD.turningon()13.Weneedhourtofinishthework.一Areyousure?Ithinkweneedtwohours.A.another;anotherB.more;moreC.more：anotherD.another;more()14.Whatdoyouneed,Alice?A.TwospoonofhoneyB.TwospoonsofhoneysC.TwospoonhoneysD.Twospoonsofhoney()15.Let'smakechickensoupforJim'sbirthdaydinner.A.GoodluckB.GoodideaC.NevermindD.Bestwishes二、完形填空。WhenIwasyoung,Ienjoyedwatchingmymotherfavoritefdwasfriedegg(煎鸡蛋)，somymotheroftencookedittimeshecookedit,Icouldn't2.toeatit.Oneday,mymotherwasnotatdecidedtofryaneggby3.Havingwatchedmymotherdoitmanytimesbefore,4_,Iwashedthe,Ipouredsomeoilintothe,I5the,whenitbecamehot,theoilsplattered(11S)allovertheofitgotonmyfaceandwasso6thatIcriedoutanddidnoteventrytogonearthepan!Afterafewminutes,theoil7turnedoffthestovequicklyandspentthenexthourcleaningthe8.Afterthat,I9wantedtoIeam,Istillcan'ttryonlyhelpmymotherdothedishes-10_shefinishescooking.()1.A.forB.toC.withD.on()2.A.planB.hopeC.waitD.try()3.A.meB.myselfC.myD.mine()4.A.FirstB.SecondC.ThirdD.Finally()5.A.gotonB.gotoffC.turnedonD.turnedoff()6.A.scaredB.boredC.hungryD.excited()7.A.enjoyedB.practicedC.mindedD.stopped()8.A.bedroomB.kitchenC.classroomD.library()9.A.alwaysB.usuallyC.oftenD.never()10.A.beforeB.afterC.althoughD.But三、词汇运用。1. Eatingtoomuch(糖)isbadforyourhealth.2. MyfavoriteSeaSOn(季节)is(秋天).3. Please(添加)somesalttothesoup.4. Youdon'thavetowearthejacket.The(温度)todayisveryhigh.5. Theschoolwillholdmanyactivitiesto(庆祝)ourcountry'sbirthday.6. Howmany(sandwich)doyouwant,Bill?7. Thepizzawilltastemoredeliciousifyouputsome(cheese)onit.8. Wednesdayisthe(four)dayofaweek.9. Iwenttothevillageand(dig)potatoeswithmygrandfatheryesterday.10. Whenitwastimetogetup,Mr.Li(shake)LiCuitowakeherup.四、短文填词。根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。(每个词只能用一次,有两个多余词)filltraditionpieceservedishdigovenautumnhistoryfinalplateItalianfood.Infact,.TheancientGreeks（古希腊人）firsthadtheideaofputtingvegetableson3.ofbread.Thenpeoplefound“pizza4."inRomancities.RaffaeleEsposito,abaker（面包师）fromNaples,didn,tbeginto5.thefirstmodempizzauntilthe19thcentury.Itwasonedayinthe6.in1889.ThisbakerwenttoItalyasatraveler（旅行者）.TheItalianKingandQueenaskedhimtomakepizza.ThatwaswhenthefirstpizzaMargheritawasmade.ItwasnamedaftertheQueen.Pizzabecameafavorite7.inItaly.Peopleoftensawitonpeople's8.Parentsoften9.theirchildren'slunchboxeswithpizza.ButpizzareallybecameaninternationaldishaftertheSecondWorldWar.