【中英文对照版】医疗器械安全和性能基本原则.docx
国家药监局关于发布医疗器械安全和性能基本原则的通告NoticebytheNationalMedicalProductsAdministrationofIssuingtheEssentialPrinciplesforSafetyandPerformanceofMedicalDevices制定机关:国家药品监督管理局(已变更)发文字号:国家药监局通告2020年第18号公布日期:2020.03.03施行日期:2020.03.03效力位阶:部门工作文件法规类别:医疗器械药品药材进出。IssuingAuthority:StateDrugSupervision&AdministrationBureau(replaced)DocumentNumber:NoticeNo.182020of(heNationalMedicalProductsAdministrationDateIssued:03-03-2020EffectiveDate:03-03-20201.evelofAuthority:DepartmentalWorkingDocumentsAreaofLawImportandExportofMedicalDevices.Drugs,andMedicineMaterials国家药监局关于发布医疗器械安 全和性能基本原则的通告NoticebytheNationalMedicalProductsAdministrationofIssuingtheEssentialPrinciplesforSafetyandPerformanceofMedicalDevicesNational Medical(国家药监局通告2020年第18 号)(NoticeNo.182020oftheProductsAdministration)为加强医疗器械产品注册工作的 监督和指导,进一步提高注册审 查质量,国家药品监督管理局组 织制定了医疗器械安全和性能的 基本原则(见附件),现予发 布。Forthepurposesofstrengtheningthesupervisionoverandguidancefortheregistrationofmedicaldeviceproductsandfurtherimprovingthequalityofregistrationreview,theNationalMedicalProductsAdministrationhasdevelopedtheEssentialPrinciplesforSafetyandPerformanceofMedicalDevices(seetheAnnex),whichareherebyissued.Annex: Essential Principles for Safety Performance of Medical DevicesNational Medical Products AdministrationMarch 3, 2022Annex特此通告。and附件:医疗器械安全和性能的基 本原则国家药监局2020年3月3日附件医疗器械安全和性能的基本原则1. Safety and Performance Devices - General Principlesof Medical1.医疗器械的安全和性能-总则EssentialPrinciplesforSafetyandPerformanceofMedicalDevices注册人/备案人应能设计和生产在 医疗器械全生命周期内均能达到 预期安全和性能要求的产品。本 原则描述了基本的设计和生产要 求,以帮助注册人/备案人实现上 述目的。Theregistrant/recordationpartyshallbeabletodesignandmanufactureproductsthatmaysatisfytheexpectedsafetyandperformancerequirementsthroughoutthelifecycleofthemedicaldevices.ThesePrinciplesdescribetheessentialdesignandmanufacturingrequirementstoassistregistrants/recordationpartiesinachievingtheaforesaidpurposes.本文分为两个部分,第一部分是 适用于所有医疗器械的通用基本 原则(第2节);第二部分是适 用于非体外诊断类医疗器械(第3 节)和体外诊断类医疗器械(第4 节)的专用基本原则。ThesePrinciplesaredividedintotwoparts:thefirstpartincludestheessentialprinciplesapplicabletoallmedicaldevices(Section2);andthesecondpartincludesthespecialessentialprinciplesapplicabletomedicaldevicesotherthaninvitrodiagnostic(IVD)medicaldevices(Section3)andIVDmedicaldevices(Section4).注册人/备案人的设计和生产活动Thedesignandmanufacturingactivitiesofthe应在质量管理体系的控制下进 行。注册人/备案人应提供产品与 适用基本原则条款符合的证据, 并由监管机构按照相关程序进行 评审。registrant/recordationpartyshallbecarriedoutunderthecontrolofitsqualitymanagementsystem.Theregistrant/recordationpartyshallprovideevidencethattheproductcomplieswiththeapplicableessentialprinciplesandtheregulatoryauthorityshallconductreviewundertherelevantprocedures.2 .适用于所有医疗器械的通用基 本原则2. EssentialPrinciplesApplicabletoallMedicalDevices本部分所列设计和生产通用基本 原则适用于所有医疗器械。2.1概述TheessentialdesignandmanufacturingprincipleslistedinthisSectionareapplicabletoallmedicaldevices.2.1 General2.1.1医疗器械应实现注册人/ 备案人的预期性能,其设计和生 产应确保器械在预期使用条件下 达到预期目的。这些器械应是安 全的并且能够实现其预期性能, 与患者受益相比,其风险应是可 接受的,且不会损害医疗环境、 患者安全、使用者及他人的安全 和健康。2.1.1 Amedicaldeviceshallachievetheperformanceexpectedbytheregistrant/recordationparty,anditsdesignandmanufacturingshallensurethatthedevicemayachieveitsintendedpurposeundertheintendeduseconditions.Thesedevicesshallbesafeandperformasintended.Comparedwithpatients'benefits,theirrisksshallbeacceptablewithoutcompromisingthemedicalenvironment,patients'safety,andsafetyorhealthofusersandothers.2.1.2 注册人/备案人应建立、 实施、形成文件和维护风险管理 体系,确保医疗器械安全、有效 且质量可控。在医疗器械全生命 周期内,风险管理是一个持续、 反复的过程,需要定期进行系统 性的改进更新。在开展风险管理 时,注册人/备案人应:2.1.2 Theregistrant/recordationpartyshallestablish,implement,documentandmaintainariskmanagementsystemtoensurethatmedicaldevicesaresafeandeffectivewithcontrollablequality.Inthewholelifecycleofamedicaldevice,riskmanagementisacontinuousiterativeprocess,whichneedstobesystematicallyimprovedandupdatedonaregularbasis.Whencarryingoutriskmanagement,aregistrant/recordationpartyshall:a)建立涵盖所有医疗器械风险管 理计划并形成文件;a) developanddocumentariskmanagementplancoveringallmedicaldevices;b)识别并分析涵盖所有医疗器械 的相关的已知和可预见的危险 (源);b) identifyandanalyzetheknownandforeseeablehazards(sources)associatedwithallmedicaldevices;C)估计和评价在预期使用和可合 理预见的误使用过程中,发生的 相关风险;c) estimateandevaluatetherelevantrisksduringtheprocessofexpecteduseandreasonablyforeseeablemisuse;d)依据2. 1.3和2. 1.4相关要 求,消除或控制C)点所述的风 险;d) eliminateorcontroltherisksdescribedinitemc)inaccordancewiththerelevantrequirementsofSections2.1.3and2.1.4;e)评价生产和生产后阶段信息对 综合风险、风险受益判定和风险 可接受性的影响。上述评价应包 括先前未识别的危险(源)或危 险情况,由危险情况导致的一个 或多个风险对可接受性的影响, 以及对先进技术水平的改变等。e) evaluatetheimpactofinformationfrommanufacturingandpost-manufacturingphasesonoverallrisks,benefit-riskdeterminationandriskacceptability;theaforesaidevaluationshallincludepreviouslyunrecognizedhazards(sources)orhazardousconditions,theimpactofoneormorerisksresultingfromthehazardousconditionsonacceptability,andchangestothestateoftheart;andf)基于对e)点所述信息影响的评 价,必要时修改控制措施以符合2. 1.3和2. 1.4相关要求。f) basedontheevaluationoftheimpactoftheinformationspecifiediniteme),ifnecessary,modifythecontrolmeasuresinlinewiththerelevantrequirementsofSections2.1.3and2.1.4.2.1.3医疗器械的注册人/备案 人在设计和生产过程中采取的风 险控制措施,应遵循安全原则,2.1.3Theriskcontrolmeasuresadoptedbyaregistrant/recordationpartyofamedicaldeviceinthedesignandmanufacturingprocessshallfollowthesafetyprinciple,takingaccountofthe采用先进技术。需要降低风险 时,注册人/备案人应控制风险, 确保每个危险(源)相关的剩余 风险和总体剩余风险是可接受 的。在选择最合适的解决方案 时,注册人/备案人应按以下优先 顺序进行:stateoftheart.Whenriskreductionisrequired,theregistrant/recordationpartyshallcontroltheriskstoensurethattheresidualrisksconcerningeachhazard(source)andtheoverallresidualrisksareacceptable.Whenselectingthemostappropriatesolution,aregistrant/recordationpartyshallproceedinthefollowingorderofpriority:a)通过安全设计和生产消除或适 当降低风险;a) Eliminatingorappropriatelyreducingrisksthroughsafedesignandmanufacture.b)适用时,对无法消除的风险采 取充分的防护措施,包括必要的 警报;b) Ifapplicable,adoptingadequateprotectivemeasures,includingalarms,ifnecessary,againstrisksthatcannotbeeliminated.C)提供安全信息(警告/预防措施 /禁忌证),适当时,向使用者提 供培训。c) Providingsafetyinformation(warnings/precautions/contraindications)and,ifappropriate,trainingforusers.2. 1.4 注册人/备案人应告知使 用者所有相关的剩余风险。2.1.4 Aregistrant/recordationpartyshallnotifyusersofallrelevantresidualrisks.2.1.5在消除或降低与使用有关 的风险时,注册人/备案人应该:2.1.5 Wheneliminatingorreducingrisksconcerningtheuse,aregistrant/recordationpartyshall:a)适当降低医疗器械的特性(如 人体工程学/可用性)和预期使用 环境(如灰尘和湿度)可能带来 的风险;a) appropriatelyreducetherisksthatmaybecausedbyreducingcharacteristicsofthemedicaldevice(e.g.,ergoomicsusability)andtheintendeduseenvironment(e.g.,dustandhumidity);andb)考虑预期使用者的技术知识、 经验、教育背景、培训、身体状 况(如适用)以及使用环境。b) considerthetechnicalknowledge,experience,educationalbackground,training,physicalcondition(ifapplicable)anduseenvironmentoftheintendeduser.2. 1.6 在注册人/备案人规定的 生命周期内,在正常使用、维护 和校准(如适用)情况下,外力 不应对医疗器械的特性和性能造 成不利影响,以致损害患者、使 用者及他人的健康和安全。2.1.6 Thecharacteristicsorperformanceofamedicaldeviceshallnotbeadverselyaffectedtosuchadegreethatthehealthorsafetyofanypatient,userorotherpersonisdamagedduringthelifecycledesignatedbyaregistrant/recordationparty,whenthemedicaldeviceissubjectedtothestresseswhichcanoccurduringnormaluse,maintenanceandcalibration(ifapplicable).2.1.7医疗器械的设计、生产和 包装,包括注册人/备案人所提供 的说明和信息,应确保在按照预 期用途使用时,运输和贮存条件 (例如:震动、振动、温度和湿 度的波动)不会对医疗器械的特 性和性能,包括完整性和清洁 度,造成不利影响。注册人/备案 人应能确保有效期内医疗器械的 性能、安全和无菌保证水平。2.1.7 Amedicaldeviceshallbedesigned,manufacturedandpackagedinsuchawaythatitscharacteristicsorperformance,includingintegrityandcleanliness,whenusedaccordingtotheintendeduse,arenotadverselyaffectedbythetransportandstorageconditions(e.g.,throughshock,vibrations,andfluctuationsoftemperatureandhumidity),takingaccountoftheinstructionsandinformationprovidedbyaregistrant/recordationparty.Aregistrant/recordationpartyshallbeabletoensuretheperformance,safetyandsterilityassurancelevelofthemedicaldevicethroughoutanyshelf-life.2. 1.8在货架有效期内、开封后 的使用期间(对于体外诊断试 剂,包括在机(机载)稳定 性),以及运输或送货期间(对 于体外诊断试剂,包括样品), 医疗器械应具有可接受的稳定 性。2.1.8 Medicaldevicesshallhaveacceptablestabilityduringtheirshelflife,duringtheperiodofuseafterbeingopened(forIVDreagents,includingafterbeinginstalledintheinstrument),andduringtheperiodoftransportationordispatch(forIVDreagents,includingspecimens).2.1.9在正常使用条件下,基于 当前先进技术水平,比较医疗器 械性能带来的受益,所有已知 的、可预见的风险以及任何不良 副作用应最小化且可接受。2.1.9 Allknownandforeseeablerisksandanyadversesideeffectsshallbeminimizedandacceptablewhenweightedagainstthebenefitsthatmaybebroughtaboutbytheperformanceofmedicaldevicesduringintendedconditionsofuse,takingintoaccountthecurrentstateoftheart.2.2临床评价2. 2.1基于监管要求,医疗器械 可能需要进行临床评价(如适 用)。所谓临床评价,就是对临 床数据进行评估,确定医疗器械 具有可接受的风险受益比,包括 以下几种形式:2.2ClinicalEvaluation2.2.1 Clinicalevaluation(ifapplicable)mayberequiredformedicaldevicesbasedontheregulatoryrequirements.Aclinicalevaluationshouldassesstheclinicaldatatodeterminethatanacceptablerisk-benefitratioexistsforthemedicaldevice,intheformofoneormoreofthefollowing:a)临床试验报告(体外诊断试剂 临床性能评价报告)b)临床文献资料a) Clinicalinvestigationreports(forIVDreagents,clinicalperformanceevaluationreports)b) PublishedclinicalliteratureC)临床经验数据c) Clinicalexperience2. 2.2 临床试验的实施应符合赫尔辛基宣言的伦理原则。2.2.2ClinicalinvestigationsshallbeconductedincompliancewiththeethicalprinciplesthathavetheiroriginintheDeclarationofHelsinki.保护受试者的权利、安全和健 康,作为最重要的考虑因素,其 重要性超过科学和社会效益。在 临床试验的每个步骤,都应理 解、遵守和使用上述原则。另 外,临床试验方案审批、患者知 情同意、体外诊断试剂剩余样本 使用等应符合相关法规要求。Theseprinciplesprotecttherights,safetyandhealthofhumansubjects,whicharetheparamountconsiderationsandshallprevailoverinterestsofscienceandsociety.Theaforesaidprinciplesshallbeunderstood,observedandappliedateverystepintheclinicalinvestigation.Inaddition,theapprovalofclinicalinvestigationprotocols,informedconsentofpatients,andtheuseofleftoverspecimensofIVDreagentsshallsatisfytherelevantregulatoryrequirements.2.3Chemical,PhysicalandBiologicalProperties2.3化学、物理和生物学特2.3.1Regardingchemical,physical,andbiologicalpropertiesofamedicaldevice,particularattentionshallbepaidtothefollowing:2.3.1关于医疗器械的化学、物理和生物学特性,应特别注意以下几点:a)Thechoiceofmaterialsandsubstancesused,particularlywithrespectto:a)所用材料和组成成分的选择,需特别考虑:-toxicity;-biocompatibility;and-flammability.-毒性;-生物相容性;-易燃性;b)Theimpactofprocessesonmaterialproperties.b)工艺对材料性能的影响;c)Ifappropriate,theresultsofbiophysicalormodelingresearchhasbeendemonstratedbeforehand.C)生物物理学或者建模研究结果应事先进行验证(如适用);d)Themechanicalpropertiesofthematerialsused,reflecting,ifappropriate,strength,ductility,fractureresistance,wearresistance,fatigueresistanceandotherproperties.d)所用材料的机械性能,如适用,应考虑强度、延展性、断裂强度、耐磨性和抗疲劳性等属性;e)Surfaceproperties.e)表面特性;f)Conformityofthedevicewiththespecifiedchemicaland/orphysicalproperties.f)器械与已规定化学和/或物理性能的符合性。2. 3.2 基于医疗器械的预期用 途,医疗器械的设计、生产和包 装,应尽可能减少污染物和残留 物对使用者和患者,以及对从事 医疗器械运输、贮存及其他相关 人员造成的风险。特别要注意与 使用者和患者暴露组织接触的时 间和频次。1.1.2 Medicaldevicesshallbedesigned,manufacturedandpackagedinsuchawayastominimizetheriskcausedbycontaminantsandresiduestousersandpatients,andtothepersonsinvolvedinthetransportandstorage,amongothers,ofthemedicaldevices,takingaccountoftheintendedpurposeofthemedicaldevice.Particularattentionshallbepaidtothedurationandfrequencyofanytissuesofusersandpatientsexposedthereto.2. 3.3医疗器械的设计和生产应 适当降低析出物(包括滤沥物和/ 或蒸发物)、降解产物、加工残 留物等造成的风险。应特别注意 致癌、致突变或有生殖毒性的泄 漏物或滤沥物。1.1.3 Medicaldevicesshallbedesignedandmanufacturedinsuchawayastoappropriatelyreducetherisksposedbysubstanceegress(includingleachingand/orevaporation),degradationproducts,processingresidues,etc.Specialattentionshallbepaidtoleakingorleachingofsubstances,whicharecarcinogenic,mutagenicortoxictoreproduction.2. 3.4医疗器械的设计和生产应 考虑到医疗器械及其预期使用环 境的性质,适当降低物质意外进 入器械所带来的风险。1.1.4 Medicaldevicesshallbedesignedandmanufacturedinsuchawayastoappropriatelyreducetherisksposedbytheunintentionalingressofsubstancesintothedevice,takingintoaccountthemedicaldevicesandthenatureoftheenvironmentinwhichitisintendedtobeused.2. 3.5医疗器械及其生产工艺的 设计应能消除或适当降低对使用 者和其他可能接触者的感染风 险。设计应:a)操作安全,易于处理;1.1.5 Medicaldevicesandtheirmanufacturingprocessesshallbedesignedinsuchawayastoeliminateortoappropriatelyreducetheriskofinfectiontousersandallotherpersonswhomaycomeincontactwiththemedicaldevices.Thedesignshall:a) allowforeasyandsafehandling;b)尽量减少医疗器械的微生物泄 漏和/或使用过程中的感染风险;b) minimizeanymicrobialleakagefromthemedicaldevicesand/ormicrobialexposureduringuse;C)防止医疗器械或其内容物(例 如:标本)的微生物污染;c) preventmicrobialcontaminationofthemedicaldevicesortheircontent(e.g.,specimens);and/ord)尽量减少意外风险(例如:割 伤和刺伤(如针刺伤)、意外物 质溅入眼睛等)。d) minimizetherisksfromunintendedexposure(e.g.,cutsandpricks(suchasneedlestickinjuries),eyesplashes,etc.).2.4灭菌和微生物污染2.4 SterilizationandMicrobialContamination2. 4.1医疗器械其设计应方便使 用者对其进行安全清洁、消毒、 灭菌和/或重复灭菌(必要时)。2.4.1 Ifnecessary,medicaldevicesshallbedesignedtofacilitatetheirsafecleaning,disinfection,sterilization,and/orre-sterilizationbytheuser,asappropriate.2. 4.2具有微生物限度要求的医 疗器械,其设计、生产和包装应 确保在出厂后,按照注册人/备案 人规定的条件运输和贮存,符合 微生物限度要求。2.4.2 Medicaldeviceslabeledashavingaspecificmicrobialstateshallbedesigned,manufacturedandpackagedtoensurethattheyremaininthatstatewhenplacedonthemarketandremainsounderthetransportandstorageconditionsspecifiedbytheregistrant/recordationparty.2. 4.3以无菌状态交付的医疗器 械,其设计、生产和包装应按照 适当的程序进行,以确保在出厂 时无菌。在注册人/备案人规定的 条件下运输和贮存的未破损无菌 包装,打开前都应保持无菌状 态。应确保最终使用者可清晰地 辨识包装的完整性(例如:防篡 改包装)Q2.4.3 Medicaldevicesdeliveredinasterilestateshallbedesigned,manufacturedandpackagedinaccordancewithappropriateprocedures,toensurethattheyaresterilewhenplacedonthemarket,andthat,unlessthepackagingwhichisintendedtomaintaintheirconditionisdamaged,theyshallremainsterile,underthetransportandstorageconditionsspecifiedbytheregistrant/recordationparty,untilthatpackagingisopened.Itshallbeensuredthattheintegrityofthepackagingisclearlyevidenttothefinaluser(forexample,throughtheuseoftamperproofpackaging).2. 4.4无菌医疗器械应按照经验 证的方法进行加工、生产、包装 和灭菌,其货架有效期应按照经 验证的方法确定。2.4.4 Medicaldeviceslabeledassterileshallbeprocessed,manufactured,packaged,andsterilizedbyvalidatedmethods.Theshelf-lifeofthesemedicaldevicesshallbedeterminedbyvalidatedmethods.2. 4.5预期无菌使用的医疗器械 (注册人/备案人灭菌或使用者灭菌),均应在适当且受控的条件 和设施下生产和包装。2.4.5 Medicaldevicesintendedtobesterilized,(eitherbytheregistrant/recordationpartyoruser),shallbemanufacturedandpackagedinappropriateandcontrolledconditionsandfacilities.2. 4.6以非无菌状态交付,且使 用前灭菌的医疗器械:2.4.6 Wherethemedicaldevicesareprovidednon-sterileandareintendedtobesterilizedpriortouse:a)包装应当尽量减少产品受到微 生物污染的风险,且应适用于注 册人/备案人规定的灭菌方法;a) Thepackagingshallminimizetheriskofmicrobialcontaminationandshallbesuitabletothemethodofsterilizationspecifiedbytheregistrant/recordationparty.b)注册人/备案人规定的灭菌方法 应经过验证。b) Themethodofsterilizationspecifiedbytheregistrant/recordationpartyshallbevalidated.2. 4.7若医疗器械可以无菌和非 无菌状态交付使用,应明确标识 其交付状态。2.4.7 Formedicaldevicesplacedonthemarketunderbothsterileandnon-sterileconditions,thelabelshallclearlydistinguishbetweentheseversions.2.5环境和使用条件2.5 ConsiderationsofEnvironmentandConditionsofUse2. 5.1如医疗器械预期与其他医