【中英文对照版】最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理环境污染刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释(2023).docx
中华人民共和国最高人民法院、 中华人民共和国最高人民检察院 公告最高人民法院、最高人民检察 院关于办理环境污染刑事案件适 用法律若干问题的解释已于 2023年3月27日由最高人民法 院审判委员会第1882次会议、 2023年7月27日由最高人民检 察院第十四届检察委员会第十次 会议通过,现予公布,自2023 年8月15日起施行。最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理环境污染刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释(2023)InterpretationbytheSupremePeople,sCourtandtheSupremePeople,sProcuratorateofSeveralIssuesConcerningtheApplicationofLawinHandlingCriminalCasesInvolvingEnvironmentalPollution(2023)制定机关:最高人民法院最高人民检察院发文字号:法释(2023)7号公布日期:2023.08.08施行日期:2023.08.15效力位阶:司法解释法规类别:污染仿治IssuingAuthority:SupremePeople'sCourtSupremePeople'sProcuralorateDocumentNumber:InterpretationNo.72023oftheSupremePeople'sCourtDateIssued:08-08-2023EffectiveDale:08-15-20231.evelofAuthority:JudicialInterpretationAreaofLaw:PollutionPreventionAnnouncementoftheSupremePeople'sCourtofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaandtheSupremePeople'sProcuratorateofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaTheInterpretationbytheSupremePeople'sCourtandtheSupremePeople'sProcuratorateofSeveralIssuesConcerningtheApplicationofLawinHandlingCriminalCasesInvolvingEnvironmentalPollution,asadoptedatthe1,882ndmeetingoftheJudicialCommitteeoftheSupremePeople'sCourtonMarch27,2023,andatthe10thmeetingofthe12thProcuratorialCommitteeoftheSupremePeople,sProcuratorateonJuly27,2023,isherebyissued,andshallcomeintoforceonAugust15,2023.SupremePeople'sCourt最高人民法院最高人民检察院SupremePeople'sProcuratorateAugust8,20232023年8月8日InterpretationbytheSupremePeople,sCourtandtheSupremePeople,sProcuratorateofSeveralIssuesConcerningtheApplicationofLawinHandlingCriminalCasesInvolvingEnvironmentalPollution最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理环境污染刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释(Adoptedatthe1,882ndmeetingoftheJudicialCommitteeoftheSupremePeople'sCourtonMarch27,2023,andatthe10thmeetingofthe12thProcuratorialCommitteeoftheSupremePeople'sProcuratorateonJuly27,2023;(2023年3月27日最高人民法院审判委员会第1882次会议、2023年7月27日最高人民检察院第十四届检察委员会第十次会议通过,comingintoforceonAugust15,2023;SPCInterpretationNo.72023)自2023年8月15日起施行释(2023)7号)Forthepurposesofpunishingcrimesinvolvingenvironmentalpollution,thefollowinginterpretationofseveralissuesconcerningtheapplicationoflawinhandlingthecriminalcasesisherebyprovidedinaccordancewiththerelevantprovisionsoftheCriminalLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,theCriminalProcedureLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,andtheEnvironmentalProtectionLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina:为依法惩治环境污染犯罪,根据中华人民共和国刑法、中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法、中华人民共和国环境保护法等法律的有关规定,现就办理此类刑事案件适用法律的若干问题解释如下:Article1Inanyofthefollowingcases,anyactspecifiedinArticle338oftheCriminalLawshallbedeterminedtobeucausingseriousenvironmentalpollution”:第一条实施刑法第三百三十八条规定的行为,具有下列情形之一的,应当认定为“严重污染环境”:(1)Discharging,dumping,ordisposingofanyradioactivewaste,wastecontaininginfectiousdiseasepathogens,orpoisonoussubstanceinadrinkingwatersourceprotectionarea,anessentialprotectedareaofanaturereserve,oranyotherkeyprotectedareadeterminedaccordingtothelaw;(一)在饮用水水源保护区、自然保护地核心保护区等依法确定的重点保护区域排放、倾倒、处置有放射性的废物、含传染病病原体的废物、有毒物质的;(2)Illegallydischarging,dumping,ordisposingofnotlessthanthreetonsofhazardouswaste;(二)非法排放、倾倒、处置危险废物三吨以上的;(3)Discharging,dumping,ordisposingofanypollutantcontaininglead,mercury,cadmium,chrome,arsenic,thallium,orantimony,exceedingthreetimesthenationalorlocallimitforpollutantdischarge;(三)排放、倾倒、处置含铅、汞、镉、络、碑、花、睇的污染物,超过国家或者地方污染物排放标准三倍以上的;(4)Discharging,dumping,ordisposingofanypollutantcontainingnickel,copper,zinc,silver,vanadium,manganese,orcobalt,exceedingtentimesthenationalorlocallimitforpollutantdischarge;(四)排放、倾倒、处置含聚、铜、锌、银、钝、镒、钻的污染物,超过国家或者地方污染物排放标准十倍以上的;(5)Discharging,dumping,ordisposingofanyradioactivewaste,wastecontaininginfectiousdiseasepathogens,orpoisonoussubstancebyundergroundpiping,aseepagewell,aseepagepit,acleft,akarstcave,pouring,anemergencyatmosphericdischargesysteminanonemergencysituation,oranyothermeansofevadingsupervision;(五)通过暗管、渗井、渗坑、裂隙、溶洞、灌注、非紧急情况下开启大气应急排放通道等逃避监管的方式排放、倾倒、处置有放射性的废物、含传染病病原体的废物、有毒物质的;(6)Afterreceivingadministrativepenaltiesnotlessthantwicewithintwoyearsfordischargingsulfurdioxide,nitrogenoxide,oranyotheratmosphericpollutantsubjecttothetotal(六)二年内曾因在重污染天气预警期间,违反国家规定,超标排放二氧化硫、氮氧化物等实行排放总量控制的大气污染物受过二次以上行政处罚,又实施此类 行为的;(七)重点排污单位、实行排污 许可重点管理的单位篡改、伪造 自动监测数据或者干扰自动监测 设施,排放化学需氧量、氨氮、 二氧化硫、氮氧化物等污染物 的;(A)二年内曾因违反国家规 定,排放、倾倒、处置有放射性 的废物、含传染病病原体的废 物、有毒物质受过二次以上行政 处罚,又实施此类行为的;(九)违法所得或者致使公私财 产损失三十万元以上的;(十)致使乡镇集中式饮用水水 源取水中断十二小时以上的;(十一)其他严重污染环境的情 形。第二条 实施刑法第三百三 十八条规定的行为,具有下列情 形之一的,应当认定为“情节严 重”:dischargequantitycontrolduringtheheavypollutiondayalertperiod,carryingoutsuchactsagain;(7) Tamperingwithorforgingautomaticmonitoringdataordisruptinganyautomaticmonitoringfacility,ordischarginganychemicaloxygendemand,ammonianitrogen,sulfurdioxide,nitricoxide,orotherpollutantbyakeypollutantdischargeroranentitysubjecttokeyadministrationofpermittingofpollutantdischarges;(8) Afterreceivingadministrativepenaltiesnotlessthantwicewithintwoyearsfordischarging,dumping,ordisposingofanyradioactivewaste,wastecontaininginfectiousdiseasepathogens,orpoisonoussubstanceinviolationofthestateprovisionscarryingoutsuchactsagain;(9) Obtainingan川egalincomeorcausingalossofpublicorprivatepropertyofnotlessthan300,000yuan;(10) Causingtheinterruptionofwaterwithdrawalsbyavillageortown'scentralizeddrinkingwatersystemfornotlessthan12hours;(11) Otherwiseseriouslypollutingtheenvironment.Article2Inanyofthefollowingcases,anyactspecifiedinArticle338oftheCriminalLawshallbedeterminedtobeinacasewherethecircumstancesareserious":(1) Discharging,dumping,ordisposingofany(一)在饮用水水源保护区、自然保护地核心保护区等依法确定 的重点保护区域排放、倾倒、处 置有放射性的废物、含传染病病 原体的废物、有毒物质,造成相 关区域的生态功能退化或者野生 生物资源严重破坏的;(二)向国家确定的重要江河、 湖泊水域排放、倾倒、处置有放 射性的废物、含传染病病原体的 废物、有毒物质,造成相关水域 的生态功能退化或者水生生物资 源严重破坏的;radioactivewaste,wastecontaininginfectiousdiseasepathogens,orpoisonoussubstanceinadrinkingwatersourceprotectionarea,anessentialprotectedareaofanaturereserve,oranyotherkeyprotectedareadeterminedaccordingtothelaw,causingdegradationofecologicalfunctionsorseriousdamagetowildliferesourcesinthearea;(2) Discharging,dumping,ordisposingofanyradioactivewaste,wastecontaininginfectiousdiseasepathogens,orpoisonoussubstanceinthewatersofanimportantriverorlakedeterminedbythestate,causingdegradationofecologicalfunctionsorseriousdamagetoaquaticliferesourcesinthewaters;(三)非法排放、倾倒、处置危 险废物一百吨以上的;(3) Illegallydischarging,dumping,ordisposingofnotlessthan100tonsofhazardouswaste;(四)违法所得或者致使公私财 产损失一百万元以上的;(4) Obtaininganillegalincomeorcausingalossofpublicorprivatepropertyofnotlessthan1millionyuan;(五)致使县级城区集中式饮用 水水源取水中断十二小时以上 的;(5) Causinginterruptionofwaterwithdrawalsbyacountry-levelurbanarea,scentralizeddrinkingwatersystemfornotlessthan12hours;(六)致使永久基本农田、公益 林地十亩以上,其他农用地二十 亩以上,其他土地五十亩以上基 本功能丧失或者遭受永久性破坏 的;(6) Causingnotlessthan10muofpermanentbasicfarmlandornon-commercialforestland,ornotlessthan20muofotheragriculturalland,ornotlessthan50muofotherlandtolosebasicfunctionsorbepermanentlydamaged;(七)致使森林或者其他林木死 亡五十立方米以上,或者幼树死 亡二千五百株以上的;(7) Causingdeathofnotlessthan50cubicmetersofforestorothertrees,ornotlessthan2,500saplings;(8)Causingevacuationortransferofnotlessthan5,000persons;(八)致使疏散、转移群众五千人以上的;(9)Poisoningnotlessthan30persons;(九)致使三十人以上中毒的;(10)Causingseriousinjuryorseriousdiseasetonotlessthanoneperson,orminorinjurytonotlessthanthreepersons;(十)致使一人以上重伤、严重疾病或者三人以上轻伤的;(11)Otherseriouscircumstances.(十一)其他情节严重的情形。Article3Inanyofthefollowingcases,anyactspecifiedinArticle338oftheCriminalLawshallbegivenasentenceofimprisonmentofnotlessthansevenyearsinadditiontoafine:第三条实施刑法第三百三十八条规定的行为,具有下列情形之一的,应当处七年以上有期徒刑,并处罚金:(1)Discharging,dumping,ordisposingofanyradioactivewaste,wastecontaininginfectiousdiseasepathogens,orpoisonoussubstanceinadrinkingwatersourceprotectionarea,anessentialprotectedareaofanaturereserve,oranyotherkeyprotectedareadeterminedaccordingtothelaw,inanyofthefollowingcases:(一)在饮用水水源保护区、自然保护地核心保护区等依法确定的重点保护区域排放、倾倒、处置有放射性的废物、含传染病病原体的废物、有毒物质,具有下列情形之一的:(a)Causinginterruptionofwaterwithdrawalsbyadistrictedcity-levelurbanarea'scentralizeddrinkingwatersystemfornotlessthan12hours;1.致使设区的市级城区集中式饮用水水源取水中断十二小时以上的;(b)Causingseriousdegradationofthemainprotectedecosystemordamagetothemainprotectednaturallandscapeofthenaturereserve;2.造成自然保护地主要保护的生态系统严重退化,或者主要保护的自然景观损毁的;(c)Causingseriousdamagetothehabitatof3,造成国家重点保护的野生动植the L造成国家确定的重要江河、湖泊水域生态系统严重退化的;物资源或者国家重点保护物种栖 息地、生长环境严重破坏的;4.其他情节特别严重的情形。(二)向国家确定的重要江河、 湖泊水域排放、倾倒、处置有放 射性的废物、含传染病病原体的 废物、有毒物质,具有下列情形 之一的:2 .造成国家重点保护的野生动植 物资源严重破坏的;3 .其他情节特别严重的情形。(三)致使永久基本农田五十亩 以上基本功能丧失或者遭受永久 性破坏的;(四)致使三人以上重伤、严重 疾病,或者一人以上严重残疾、 死亡的。第四条 实施刑法第三百三 十九条第一款规定的行为,具有 下列情形之一的,应当认定为 “致使公私财产遭受重大损失或 者严重危害人体健康”:wildliferesourcesorspeciesunderkeystateprotection;(d)Otherespeciallyseriouscircumstances.(2) Discharging,dumping,ordisposingofanyradioactivewaste,wastecontaininginfectiousdiseasepathogens,orpoisonoussubstanceinthewatersofanimportantriverorlakedeterminedbythestate,inanyofthefollowingcases:(a) Causingseriousdegradationofecosystemoftheimportantriverorlake;(b) Causingseriousdamagetowildliferesourcesunderkeystateprotection;(c) Otherespeciallyseriouscircumstances.(3) Causingnotlessthan50muofpermanentbasicfarmlandtolosebasicfunctionsorbepermanentlydamaged;(4) Causingseriousinjuryorseriousdiseasetonotlessthanthreepersons,orseriousdisabilityordeathtonotlessthanoneperson.Article4Inanyofthefollowingcases,anyactspecifiedinparagraph1ofArticle339oftheCriminalLawshallbedeterminedtocausegreatlossofpublicorprivatepropertyorseriouslyendangerhumanhealth":(1) Causinglossofpublicorprivatepropertyof(一)致使公私财产损失一百万notlessthan1millionyuan;元以上的;(2) AcasespecifiedinItems5-10ofArticle2ofthisInterpretation;(3) Othercircumstancescausinggreatlossofpublicorprivatepropertyorseriouslyendangeringhumanhealth.Article5Inanyofthefollowingcases,anycriminalactspecifiedinArticles338and339oftheCriminalLawshallbegivenheavierpunishment:(1) Obstructinganenvironmentalsupervisoryinspectionorinvestigationofanenvironmentalemergencywhichdoesnotconstitutethecrimeofobstructinggovernmentoperations,amongothers;(2) Discharging,dumping,ordisposingofanyradioactivewaste,wastecontaininginfectiousdiseasepathogens,ortoxicorotherhazardoussubstanceinviolationofthestateprovisionsatorinthevicinityofanyhospital,school,residentialarea,orotherdenselypopulatedarea;(二)具有本解释第二条第五项 至第十项规定情形之一的;(三)其他致使公私财产遭受重 大损失或者严重危害人体健康的 情形。第五条实施刑法第三百三 十八条、第三百三十九条规定的 犯罪行为,具有下列情形之一 的,应当从重处罚:(一)阻挠环境监督检查或者突 发环境事件调查,尚不构成妨害 公务等犯罪的;(二)在医院、学校、居民区等 人口集中地区及其附近,违反国 家规定排放、倾倒、处置有放射 性的废物、含传染病病原体的废 物、有毒物质或者其他有害物质 的;(三)在突发环境事件处置期间 或者被责令限期整改期间,违反 国家规定排放、倾倒、处置有放 射性的废物、含传染病病原体的 废物、有毒物质或者其他有害物 质的;(3) Discharging,dumping,ordisposingofanyradioactivewaste,wastecontaininginfectiousdiseasepathogens,ortoxicorotherhazardoussubstanceinviolationofthestateprovisionsduringtheperiodofanenvironmentalemergencyresponseorduringtheperiodwhenrectificationisorderedwithinagivenperiod;(4) Discharging,dumping,ordisposingofanyradioactivewaste,wastecontaininginfectiousdiseasepathogens,ortoxicorotherhazardoussubstancebyanenterprisewithahazardouswasteoperationpermitinviolationofthestateprovisions;(5) ,Discharging,dumping,ordisposingofanyradioactivewaste,wastecontaininginfectiousdiseasepathogens,ortoxicorotherhazardoussubstancebyanyenterprise,publicorganization,orotherproducerordistributorsubjecttokeyadministrationofpermittingofpollutantdischargeswithoutobtainingapollutantdischargepermitinaccordancewiththelaw.Article6WheretheactorofanactspecifiedinArticle338oftheCriminalLawadmitsguilt,acceptspunishment,activelyrepairstheecologyandenvironment,andtakeseffectiveandcompliantrectificationmeasures,theactormaybegivenalenientpunishment;ifthecircumstancesofthecrimeareminor,hemaynotbeprosecutedormaybeexemptfromacriminalpunishment;ifthecircumstancesaresignificantlyminorandnoseriousharmiscausedmior,theactisnotregardedasacrime.Article7Whereinvolvementinahazardouswastecollecting,storing,utilizing,ordisposingoperationwithoutahazardouswasteoperationpermitseriouslypollutestheenvironment,theinvolvementshallbepunishedasthecrimeofenvironmentalpollution,oraswhichevercarriesaheavierpunishment,ifitalsoconstitutesthecrimeofillegalbusinessoperations.(四)具有危险废物经营许可证 的企业违反国家规定排放、倾 倒、处置有放射性的废物、含传 染病病原体的废物、有毒物质或 者其他有害物质的;(五)实行排污许可重点管理的 企业事业单位和其他生产经营者 未依法取得排污许可证,排放、 倾倒、处置有放射性的废物、含 传染病病原体的废物、有毒物质 或者其他有害物质的。第六条实施刑法第三百三 十八条规定的行为,行为人认罪 认罚,积极修复生态环境,有效 合规整改的,可以从宽处罚;犯 罪情节轻微的,可以不起诉或者 免予刑事处罚;情节显著轻微危 害不大的,不作为犯罪处理。第七条无危险废物经营许 可证从事收集、贮存、利用、处 置危险废物经营活动,严重污染 环境的,按照污染环境罪定罪处 罚;同时构成非法经营罪的,依 照处罚较重的规定定罪处罚Q实施前款规定的行为,不具有超 标排放污染物、非法倾倒污染物Iftheactspecifiedintheprecedingparagraphdoesnotfallunderthecircumstanceofdischarginganypollutantexceedingthelimit,illegallydumpinganypollutant,orotherwiseillegallycausingenvironmentalpollution,theactmaybedeterminedasan川egalbusinessoperationthatfallsunderasignificantlyminorcircumstanceandnoseriousharmiscaused,andisnotdeemedascrime;butifitCconstitutesanyothercrimeofproducingorsellingcounterfeitorinferiorproduct,amongothers,theactshallbepunishedastheothercrime.Article8Where,withknowledgethatanotherpersonhasnohazardouswasteoperationpermit,providinghazardouswastetotheotherpersonorentrusttheotherpersontocollectstore,utilize,ordisposeofhazardouswasteseriouslypollutestheenvironment,theactshallbepunishedasajointcrime.Article9Wherethedischarge,dumping,ordisposalofapollutantcontaininganytoxicorradioactivesubstanceorinfectiousdiseasepathogensinviolationofthestateprovisionsconcurrentlyconstitutesthecrimeofenvironmentalpollution,crimeofillegallydisposingofimportedsolidwaste,crimeofadministeringahazardoussubstance,andothercrimes,theactshallbeconvictedandpunishedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsforheavierpunishment.或者其他违法造成环境污染的情 形的,可以认定为非法经营情节 显著轻微危害不大,不认为是犯 罪;构成生产、销售伪劣产品等 其他犯罪的,以其他犯罪论处。第八条明知他人无危险废 物经营许可证,向其提供或者委 托其收集、贮存、利用、处置危 险废物,严重污染环境的,以共 同犯罪论处。第九条违反国家规定,排 放、倾倒、处置含有毒害性、放 射性、传染病病原体等物质的污 染物,同时构成污染环境罪、非 法处置进口的固体废物罪、投放 危险物质罪等犯罪的,依照处罚 较重的规定定罪处罚。第十条承担环境影响评 价、环境监测、温室气体排放检 验检测、排放报告编制或者核查 等职责的中介组织的人员故意提 供虚假证明文件,具有下列情形 之一的,应当认定为刑法第二百 二十九条第一款规定的“情节严 重”:Article10Whereanyemployeeofanintermediaryorganizationchargedwiththedutyofpreparingorcheckingenvironmentalimpactassessment,environmentalmonitoring,inspectionandtestingofgreenhousegasemissions,oremissionreports,amongothers,intentionallyprovidesafalsesupportingdocumentinanyofthefollowingcases,theemployeeshallbedeterminedtobeinacasewhere"thecircumstancesareserious"asprovidedinparagraph1ofArticle229oftheCriminallaw:(1) Obtainingillegalincomeofnotlessthan300,000yuan.(2) Afterreceivingadministrativepenaltiesnotlessthantwicewithintwoyearsforprovidingafalsesupportingdocument,providinganotherfalsesupportingdocument.(3) Otherseriouscircumstances.Iftheemployeecommitstheactspecifiedintheprecedingparagraphinamajorworkorprojectrelatedtopublicsecurity,causinganespeciallysignificantlossofpublicpropertyortheinterestofthestateandthepeople,theemployeeshallbesentencedtoafixedim