旅行社管理-讲义.docx
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1、SECTIOn3(补充内容)1、Whatarethedifferencesbetweentravelagentsandtourwholesalersandtouroperators?TravelagentsretailersTourwholesalerssellproductsthroughretailersTouroperators-selldirectlytopublicandindirectlythroughwholesalersorretailers.Theymayhavetheirownsuppliers.2、SpecialtychannelersTheincentiveormoti
2、vationtravelcompanyMotorcoachbroker/touroperatorsMeetingandconventionplannersDestinationplannersJunketrepresentativesNationaltourismofficers3、Thedistributionrouthsone-stagedistributionsystem:SUPPIierSfTouristsAdvantages:SimplicityAdditionalsalesopportunitiesFlexibilityGreaterprofitabilitytosuppliers
3、PersonalcontroloverthesaleManagementofkeyaccountsTwo-stagedistributionsystem:SuppliersIntermediariesTouristsAdvantages:ProfessionalassistanceMultipleoptionsFreeorlowcostassistanceCumulativegrouppower(bargingpower)Single-chargebillingOut-of-townassistanceCreditandassistancetosuppliersOffseasonpromoti
4、on(3) three-stagedistributionsystemSuppliersSpecialtychannelersretailers-touristsAdvantages:Theadditionalbenefitscomefromtravelservicesbeingpurchasedinlargequantitiesatdiscountedpricesbywholesalerfour-stagedistributionsystem-SuppliersfWholesalerorTouroperators-Travelagents-SpecialtychannelersTourist
5、sAdvantages:CustomizationExampleSECTION4(补充内容)工、Resourcesofincome Themajorityofincomefortravelagentiscommissionpaidbysuppliers Veryfewagentsgetrevenuefromsellingtravel-relatedproductsandservices,(e.g.Iuggageiinsurance,travelerschecks) ExamplesintheUS:Theairline:90%ofairlinesalesaremadethroughtravela
6、gents.Thehotek25%ofallhotelroomsarereservedthroughtravelagents.2、TheOganizationalstructure(只要求掌握最根本的模型,适用于中小型企业)SmallsizetravelagentsSmalltravelagentsTheevolvementoforganisationstructureStage1(3positions)Stage2(4positins)Manager即将stage的sales和operationl!1分开,各成一个部门,其余不变SalesZOperationAccountingStage3(
7、6position)ManagerIIFIIOperationFinancialCommercialLeisureAgencygroupsSECTION5Puttingthepackagetogether(书上内容)工、Contractingaccommodation三种跟饭店签合同的类型CommitmentAllocationAdhocrooms2、Charterairline(包机)andNofreeairline(廉价航空)各提供什么效劳?Charterairline:Time-serieschartersPartchartersAdhoccharteringNofrillairline
8、:(网上找的)Thatusescharterand/orscheduledflightstoofferbargain-basementfares.Budgetairlinesusuallylandatandtakeofffromsecondaryairports,donotprovideinflightmealsorrefreshments,andmaynotevenoffernumberedsealallocation.Theirticketpricesarefixed,andnon-refundableincaseofacancellationorno-show.Alsocalledno-
9、frillsairline.3、FourWaystoassessthequalityofprogrammeOnewaytoassessthequalityofaprogrammeisbytheresponsestothecustomerquestionnairesmostoperatorshandout,whichaskquestionsabouteverythingfromtheserviceinthehoteltothesmilinessoftherep.Twowayisbythenumberofcomplaintsreceived.Threewayisbyfeedbackfromthei
10、rownstaffintheresortsalthoughthisisaveryhitandmissapproach.Fourwayisbytheexternaljudgement.4、WaystomaintainproductqualityP69-73hotelgradingsystemsfire,safetyandhygienestandardsoverseasSECTION6Preparingthebrochure(书上内容)工、做一个brochure里面要包含哪些内容?ContentofthebrochureInformationcontained16importantpointsli
11、stedonP114Governmenta!/statutorylicensingauthority(政府/法定营业执照)1.egalidentity(合同身份)Menasoftravel(旅行方式)Destinationand/oritinerary(目的地线路)Datezplaceandtimeofdepartureandreturn(离开返回的日期地点时间)Nature of accommodation andAdditional facilities (附加设施)Insurance details (保险细节)Health matters (健康问题)Building works (施
12、工工程)the meal facilities (食宿设施和特点)Booking conditions (报名条件)Price policy (价格政策)Arbitration (仲裁) Noise (噪音)Publication date (出版日期)Delaysatpointofdeparture(出发延误)ThefrontcoverCompanynamePeriodofvalidityTheedition3essentialfeatures:alead-inpriceanynosurcharge额外费guarantee、anyotheroutstandingfeatures Theope
13、ningpageIntroductorypageorparagraphhighlightingsaleablefeaturesOtherimportantmessages ThebodyofthebrochureIngeographicalorderDetailedholidaysPagedesignThebackofthebrochure6pointsincludedA、astepbystepguidetomakingabookingB、informationaboutwhatzsincludedinthepricesandwhatseculdedCdataaboutthetypesofai
14、rcraftusedD、informationaboutwhentheexchangerateusedforpuicingholidayswasfixedE、 detailsoftheinsurancepolicyofferedandofitspremiumsF、 aFairTradingAgreementstatement,settingoutclientsfightsandthoseofthetouroperator. Thebookingformlnformationincluded PricingpolicyandthetextandthephotographsImportantpri
15、cingissues ThetextThephotographsAdvertising2、Seniorcitizenholidays(P108)我也不清楚要怎么考的内容,自己看Aspeoplearelivingandstayinghealthierlonger,someoperatorsarealsointerestedinofferingproductsaimedat4seniorcitizens9,variousythoughtofasover-55s,over-6Osorevenover-65s.Aparticularfeatureofsuchbrochuresisthelong-sta
16、yholiday,lastinguptothreemonthsandenablingpeopletostayawayallwinter.Butmostoperatorsfeatureamixofsunandsandresortsandtouringholidayswithplentyofchancetowalkandsightsee.3、All-inclusiveholidays(PlOO)不清楚怎么考,需要自己看一下此局部内容Therearesomeplacesintheworldtowhichtouroperatorsofferall-inclusiveholidays,withthebr
17、ochurepricecoveringallmeals,drinks,entertain-ment,sportsandtips.All-inclusiveholidaysmakeitpossiblefortouriststospendtheirentirestayintheirhotelcomplexwithouteverventuringoutside9perfectforthosewhoarewaryofgettingtogripswithadifferentculture.Arguably9Suchholidaysalsodoleastdamagetoindigenouscultures
18、byputtinganeffectivecordonsanitairearoundthetouriststokeepthemapartfromlocalpeople.SECTION 6 Operationofgrouptour(补充内容)工、领队需要做什么工作?这个我真不确定不知道是AgreementS这里还是Management这里。2、报价的几种方式?Inquiry,quotationandofferQuotation:Priceinformationsentautomaticallytoclienteleswhohavenotvisitforaperiodoftime.Offer:The
19、replytotheinquiryfromcustomerswhohavegotthequotationThevalidityandconfirmationThepriceofferwillbeinvalidateifitisnotconfirmedbytheoffersWaysofpriceoffer:(需要自己理解下)i5+25+30+2SECTION 7 Marketingintravelagents(补充内容)工、STPTheorySegmentation,Targeting,PositioningMarketSegmentatiOnClassifyingcustomersbycert
20、aincriteriademographic,cultural,physicalzetc.ExamplesClassifyingvariouscustomersbytheirvariousexpectationfromthetourwholesalersSpecialtourzonceonlyinlife.IndependentanddependentconsumersGeographicsegmentationTargetingMatchtheresultsofsegmentationwiththeirownabilityExampleuEastexpressofsilkroadz,pack
21、agedbyChinaHuayuantravelagentEnvironmentalanalysisforstrategyPESTmodelMacroenvironment5-F0rcemodelMicroenvironmentPESTmodelP-PoliticalfactorsE-EconomicfactorsS-sociaculturalfactorsT-Technologicalfactors5-f0rcemodelTreatsofnewentrantsBargainpowerofsuppliersSubstitationsBargainpowerofconsumersIndustri
22、alcompetitionMarketPOSitiOningTheproduct-positioningmapMasstourSeashoreCulturaltourSpecialtour2、飞机票价路线的计算Calculationofticketprice method-RoutingMapsknowingthevariousticketprices,selectingtheticketmeetingyourexpectation,settingdowntheroutingmapPrinciplesintravelproductdesigning method2MaximumMileage
23、MaximumMileageequalstotheshortestdistance(SectorMileage)betweentwoplacesplus20%determinetheticketpricebycomparingthesectormileagewiththemaximummileage(MM)ExamplefromBtoDtoFtoGZthesumofsectormileagebetweencities=389+537+297+251=1474;MM=I304*1.2=1564theformerissmallerthantheIatterznoadditionalchargewi
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