美国名人建筑设计师弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特.docx

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1、美国名人建筑设计师弗兰克劳埃德赖特FrankLloydWrightz1867-1959:ThegreatestAmericanbuildingdesignerofthetwentiethcenturyplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:45repeatByShelleyGollustandMarilynChristiano2007-4-28VOICEONE:mPhoebeZimmerman.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogramPeopleinAmerica.Todaywetellabouttheli

2、feandworkofthegreatestAmericanbuildingdesignerofthetwentiethcentury,FrankLloydWright.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:FrankLloydWrightdesignedbuildingsformorethanseventyyears.Hedidmostofhisworkfromnineteenhundredthroughthenineteenfifties.Hedesignedhouses,schools,churches,publicbuildings,andofficebuildings.Criticssay

3、FrankLloydWrightwasoneofAmericasmostcreativearchitects.Onecriticsaidhisideaswerefiftyyearsaheadofthetimeinwhichhelived.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:FrankLloydWrightwasbornineighteen-sixty?seveninthemiddlewesternstateofWisconsin.HestudiedengineeringattheUniversityofWisconsin.Ineighteeneighty?seven,hewenttothecity

4、ofChicago.Hegotajobintheofficeofthefamousarchitects,LouisSullivanandDankmarAdler.Severalyearslater,Wrightestablishedhisownbuildingdesignbusiness.HebeganbydesigninghomesforpeoplelivinginandnearChicago.Thesehomeswerecalledprairiehouses.,VOICEONE:Prairiehouseswerelongandlow.Theyseemedtogrowoutofthegrou

5、nd.Theywerebuiltofwoodandothernaturalmaterials.Theindoorsexpandedtotheoutdoorsbyextendingthefloor.Thiscreatedwhatseemedlikearoomwithoutwallsoraroof.Innineteen-oh-two,Wrightdesignedoneprairiehouse,calledtheWillitsHouse,inthetownofHighlandPark.Thehousewasshapedlikeacross.Itwasbuiltaroundahugefireplace

6、.Theroomsweredesignedsotheyseemedtoflowintoeachother.VOICETWO:VisitorstoChicagocanseeanotherofWrightsprairiehouses.ItiscalledtheRobieHouse.Itlookslikeaseriesoflong,lowroomsondifferentlevels.Theroomsseemtofloatovertheground.Wrightdesignedeverythinginthehouse,includingthefurnitureandfloorcoverings.Wri

7、ghtsprairiehouseshadagreatinfluenceonhomedesigninAmerica.Eventoday,onehundredyearslater,hisprairiehousesappearverymodern.VOICEONE:Inthenineteenthirties,WrightdevelopedwhathecalledUsonianhouses.Usoniawashisnameforaperfect,democraticUnitedStatesofAmerica.Usonianhouseswereplannedtobelowcost.Wrightdesig

8、nedthemfortheAmericanmiddleclass.ThesearethemajorityofAmericanswhoareneitherveryrichnorverypoor.FrankLloydWrightbelievedthatallmiddleclassfamiliesinAmericashouldbeabletoownahousethatwasdesignedwell.HebelievedthattheUnitedStatescouldnotbeatruedemocracyifpeopledidnotowntheirownhouseontheirownpieceofla

9、nd.VOICETWO:Usonianhouseswerebuiltonaflatbaseofconcrete.Thebasewaslevelwiththeground.Wrightbelievedthatwasbetterandlesscostlythanthecommonmethodofdiggingaholeinthegroundforthebase.Low?costhousesbasedontheUsonianideabecameverypopularinAmericainthenineteenfifties.VisitorscanseeoneofWrightsUsonianhomes

10、nearWashington,D.C.ItisthePope-LeighyHouseinAlexandria,Virginia.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:FrankLloydWrightbelievedinspreadinghisideastoyoungbuildingdesigners.Innineteenthirty?two,heestablishedaschoolcalledtheTaliesinFellowship.Architecturalstudentspaidtoliveandworkwithhim.Duringthesummer,theyworkedathishomene

11、arSpringGreen,Wisconsin.WrightcalledthishouseTaliesin,ThatisaWelshnamemeaningshiningbrow.Itwasbuiltofstoneandwoodintothetopofahill.Duringthewinter,theyworkedatTaliesinWest.ThiswasWrightshomeandarchitectureofficenearPhoenix,Arizona.Wrightandhisstudentsstartedbuildingitinnineteenthirty-sevenintheSonor

12、anDesert.VOICETWO:TaliesinWestisanexampleofFrankLloydWrightsideasoforganicarchitecturetakingrootinthedesert.Hebelievedthatarchitectureshouldhavelifeandspirit.Hesaidabuildingshouldappeartogrownaturallyandeasilyfromitsbaseintoitssurroundings.Selectingthebestplacetoputabuildingbecameamostimportantfirst

13、stepinthedesignprocess.FrankLloydWrighthaddiscoveredthebeautyofthedesertinnineteentwenty-sevenwhenhewasaskedtohelpwiththedesignoftheArizonaBiltmorehotel.HecontinuedtoreturntothedesertwithhisstudentstoescapetheharshwintersinWisconsin.Tenyearslaterhefoundaperfectplaceforhiswinterhomeandschool.Hebought

14、aboutthreehundredhectaresofdesertlandatthefootoftheMcDowellMountainsnearScottsdale,Arizona.Wrightsaid:Iwasstruckbythebeautyofthedesert,bythedry,clearsun-filledair,bythestarkgeometryofthemountains.HewantedeveryonewhovisitedTaliesinWesttofeelthissamesenseofplace.VOICEONE:Hisarchitecturestudentshelpedh

15、imgatherrocksandsandfromthedesertfloortouseasbuildingmaterials.Theybeganaseriesofbuildingsthatbecamehome,officeandschool.Wrightkeptworkingonandchangingwhathecalledabuildingmadeofmanybuildingsfortwentyyears.Today,TaliesinWesthasmanylowstonebuildingslinkedtogetherbywalkwaysandcourtyards.Itisstillverym

16、uchalivewithactivity.Aboutseventypeoplelive,workandstudythere.GuidestakevisitorsthroughwhatisoneofAmericasmostimportantculturaltreasures.VOICETWO:Innineteenthirty?seven,WrightdesignedahousenearthecityofPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.Itisafineexampleofhisideaoforganicarchitecture.ThehouseiscalledFallingwate

17、r.Itsitsonhugerocksnexttoasmallriver.Itextendsoverawaterfall.Fromonepartofthehouse,apersoncanstepdownastairwayoverthewater.FallingwaterissounusualandsobeautifulthatitcametorepresentmodernAmericanarchitecture.Onecriticcallsitthegreatesthouseofthetwentiethcentury.LikeTaliesinWest,Fallingwaterisopentot

18、hepublic.VOICEONE:FrankLloydWrightalsoisfamousfordesigningimaginativepublicbuildings.Innineteen?oh?four;hedesignedanofficebuildingfortheLarkinSoapCompanyinBuffalo,NewYork.Theofficeswereorganizedaroundatallopenspace.Atthetopwasaglassrooftoletsunlightintothecenter.Inthelatenineteenthirties,Wrightdesig

19、nedanofficebuildingfortheJohnsonWaxCompanyinRacine,Wisconsin.Italsohadonegreatroomwithouttraditionalwallsorwindows.Theoutsideofthebuildingwasmadeofsmooth,curvedbrickandglass.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Innineteenforty7threezFrankLloydWrightdesignedoneofhismostfamousprojects:theGuggenheimMuseumofArtinNewYorkCity

20、.Thebuildingwascompletedinnineteensixty;theyearfollowinghisdeath.TheGuggenheimisunusualbecauseitisacircle.Insidethemuseum,awalkwayrisesinacirclefromthelowestflooralmosttothetop.Visitorsmovealongthiswalkwaytoseetheartworkonthewalls.TheGuggenheimmuseumwasverydifferentfromWrightsotherdesigns.Itevenviol

21、atedoneofhisownrulesofdesign:theGuggenheimsshapeiscompletelydifferentfromanyofthebuildingsaroundit.VOICEONE:WhenWrightwasaveryoldman,hedesignedtheMarinCountyCivicCenterinSanRafaelzCalifornia,nearSanFrancisco.TheCivicCenterprojectwasoneofhismostimaginativedesigns.Itisaseriesoflongbuildingsbetweentwoh

22、ills.FrankLloydWrightbelievedthatarchitectureislifeitselftakingform.Therefore/hesaid,itisthetruestrecordoflifeasitwaslivedintheworldyesterday,asitislivedtoday,oreverwillbelived.FrankLloydWrightdiedinnineteenfifty-nine,inPhoenix,Arizona.Hewasninety?oneyearsold.HisbuildingsremainarecordofthebestofAmericanTwentiethCenturyculture.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollustandMarilynChristiano.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.OurstudioengineerwasMaxCarroll.mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmPhoebeZimmerman.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.