中华人民共和国职业教育法（2022修订）_2022.05.01生效_中英对照.docx

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1、1/37中华人民共和国职业教育法（2022修订）发文机关:全国人民代表大会常务委员会Promulgatedby：StandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeoplesCongress发布日期:2022.04.20PromulgationDate：2022.04.20生效日期:2022.05.01EffectiveDate：2022.05.01时文效号性:现行有效：主席令第二ValidityStatus：DocumentNo.：validPresidentialDecreeNo.112中华人民共和国职业教育法VocationalEducationLawofthePeoples

2、RepublicofChina(Revisedin2022)主席令第一一二号PresidentialDecreeNo.112中华人民共和国职业教育TheVocationalEducationLawofthePeoplesRepublicofChina,adopteduponrevisionatthe34thSessionoftheStanding法已由中华人民共和国第十三届CommitteeoftheThirteenthNationalPeoplesCongressofthe全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三PeoplesRepublicofChinaon20April2022,isherebyp

3、romulgated,effective1May2022.十四次会议于2022年4月20日修XiJinping订通过，现予公布，自2022年5月1日起施行。PresidentofthePeoplesRepublicofChina20April2022中华人民共和国主席习近平VocationalEducationLawofthePeoplesRepublicofChina2022年4月20日(Adoptedatthe19thSessionoftheStandingCommitteeoftheEighthNationalPeoplesCongresson15May1996,andrevisedat

4、中华人民共和国职业教育法the34thSessionoftheStandingCommitteeoftheThirteenthNationalPeoplesCongresson20April2022)（1996年5月15日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十九次会议通过2022年4月20日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会WoltersKluwer威科先行Q法律信息库第三十四次会议修订）第一章总则Chapter I General Provisions第一条 为了推动职业教育高 质量发展，提高劳动者素质和技术 技能水平，促进就业创业，建设教 育强国、人力资源强国和技能型社 会，推进社会主义现代

5、化建设，根Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution to promote the high-quality development of vocational education, improve the quality, technical and skill levels of workers, boost employment and entrepreneurship, build a powerful country in education and human resources and a s

6、kill-oriented society and promote the socialist modernization drive.据宪法，制定本法。第二条本法所称职业教育， 是指为了培养高素质技术技能人 才，使受教育者具备从事某种职业 或者实现职业发展所需要的职业道 德、科学文化与专业知识、技术技 能等职业综合素质和行动能力而实 施的教育，包括职业学校教育和职 业培训。Article2ForthepurposeofthisLaw,vocationaleducation*referstotheeducationconductedfortraininghigh-qualitytechnica

7、lprofessionalsandforenablingtheeducateestopossessthecomprehensivevocationalqualitiesandabilitiesofactions,suchasprofessionalethics,scientific,culturalandspecializedknowledgeandtechnicalskills,necessaryforengagingincertainoccupationsorachievingcareerdevelopment,includingvocationalschooleducationandvo

8、cationaltraining.Thespecializedtrainingconductedbygovernmentorgansandpublicinstitutionsfortheirstaffshallbeseparatelyprescribedbylawsandadministrativeregulations.机关、事业单位对其工作人员实施的专门培训由法律、行政法规另行规定。第二条职业教育是,j普沛於ArtiCie3Vocationaleducation,asatypeofeducationofthesamestatusasgeneraleducation,isanimportan

9、tpartof育具有同等重要地位的教育类型，nationaleducationsystemandhumanresources目国日鲂后仆立知jf次宿me附development,andamajorpathofdevelopingadiversified是国民教育体系和人力资源开发的pooloftalents,passingontechnicalskillsandboosting重要组成部分，是培养多样化人employmentandentrepreneurship.TheStatemakesgreat,在珏A匕u在治HAOIieffortst0developvocationaleducation

10、,promoteitsreform,才、传承技术技能、促进就业创业improveitsquality,enhanceitsadaptability,andestablishand的重要途径。improveavocationaleducationinstitutionalframeworkthatmeetstheneedsofsocialistmarketeconomyandsocialdevelopment国家大力发展职业教育，推进andconformstothelawofgrowthoftechnicalprofessionals,soastoprovidepowerfultalentand

11、technicalsupportforbuildinga职业教育改中，提局职业教质modernsocialistcountryinanall-roundway.量，增强职业教育适应性，建立健全适应社会主义市场经济和社会发展需要、符合技术技能人才成长规律的职业教育制度体系，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家提供有力人才和技能支撑.第四条职业教育必须坚持中 国共产党的领导，坚持社会主义办 学方向，贯彻国家的教育方针，坚 持立德树人、德技并修，坚持产教 融合、校企合作，坚持面向市场、 促进就业，坚持面向实践、强化能 力，坚持面向人人、因材施教。实施职业教育应当弘扬社会主 义核心价值观，对受教育者进行思 想

12、政治教育和职业道德教育，培育Article4Todevelopvocationaleducation,weshouldfollowtheleadershipoftheCPCandthesocialistorientationinrunningsuchschools,implementtheeducationalpoliciesoftheState,adheretomoraleducationandpersonnelcultivationandpayequalattentiontomoraleducationandskilltraining,adheretointegrationofindust

13、ryandeducationandcooperationbetweenschoolsandenterprises,adoptmarket-orientedapproachtopromoteemployment,takeorientationtopracticetoenhancecapabilitiesandensureaccessibilitytoallandindividualizededucation.Thevocationaleducationshallbeimplementedtocarryforwardthesocialistcorevalues,carryouttheideolog

14、ical,politicalandprofessionalethicseducationontheeducatees,cultivatethespiritofmodelworkers,laborandcraftsmanship,impartscientific,culturalandprofessionalknowledge,cultivateskillsandgivevocationalguidancesoastocomprehensivelyimprovethequalityoftheeducatees.劳模精神、劳动精神、工匠精神,传授科学文化与专业知识，培养技术技能，进行职业指导，全面

15、提高受教育者的素质。第五条公民有依法接受职业教育的权利。Article5Citizensshallhavetherighttoreceivevocationaleducationaccordingtolaw.第六条职业教育实行政府统筹、分级管理、地方为主、行业指导、校企合作、社会参与。Article6Vocationaleducationshallbeorganizedundertheprinciplesofoverallplanningbythegovernment,level-by-Ieveladministration,leadingroleoflocalauthorities,indu

16、strialguidance,cooperationbetweenschoolsandenterprisesandsocialparticipation.第七条各级人民政府应当将发展职业教育纳入国民经济和社会发展规划，与促进就业创业和推动发展方式转变、产业结构调整、技术优化升级等整体部署、统筹实施。Article1Apeoplesgovernmentatanylevelshallincorporatethedevelopmentofvocationaleducationintoitsplanfornationaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentandmakeoveral

17、larrangementsandimplementthesameinacoordinatedmannertogetherwiththeboostingofemploymentandentrepreneurshipandthetransformationofdevelopmentmodes,industrialrestructuringandtechnologicaloptimizationandupgrading.第八条国务院建立职业教育工作协调机制，统筹协调全国职业Article8TheStateCouncilshallestablishacoordinationmechanismforvo

18、cationaleducationtomakeoverallplanningandcoordinationforvocationaleducationnationwide.The教育工作。国务院教育行政部门负责职业教育工作的统筹规划、综合协调、宏观管理。国务院教育行政部门、人力资源社会保障行政部门和其他有关部门在国务院规定的职责范围administrativedepartmentofeducationundertheStateCouncilshallberesponsiblefortheoverallplanning,comprehensivecoordinationofandmacro-co

19、ntrolofvocationaleducation.TheadministrativedepartmentofeducationundertheStateCouncil,theadministrativedepartmentofhumanresourcesandsocialsecurityandotherrelevantdepartmentsshallberespectivelyresponsibleforrelevantworkofvocationaleducationwithinthescopeoftheirfunctionsanddutiesasspecifiedbytheStateC

20、ouncil.内，分别负责有关的职业教育工作。Thepeoplesgovernmentsofallprovinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernmentshallstrengthentheirleadershipovertheworkofvocationaleducationwithintheirrespectiveadministrativeregions,clarifythespecific第九条国家鼓励发展多种层 次和形式的职业教育，推进多元办 学，支持社会力量广泛、平等参与 职业教育。国

21、家发挥企业的重要办学主体作用，推动企业深度参与职业教 育，鼓励企业举办高质量职业教 育。省自沪区直辖）民政府WOrKresponsibilitiesofthepeoplesgovernmentsatthelevelofcitydividedintodistrictsandcountylevel,coordinatethe应当加强对本行政区域内职业教育developmentofvocationaleducationinanoverallmannerand口Ce-口organizetheimplementationofsupervisionandevaluation.工作的领导，明确设区的市、县级

22、人民政府职业教育具体工作职责，Therelevantdepartmentsoflocalpeoplesgovernmentsatorabovethecountylevelshallstrengthencommunicationand统筹协调职业教育发展4只展COOPerationandjointlypromotetheworkofvocationaleducation.督导评估。县级以上地方人民政府有关部门应当加强沟通配合，共同推进职业教育工作。Article9TheStateencouragesthedevelopmentofvocationaleducationatalllevelsand

23、inallforms,promotesthediversifiedschoolingandsupportstheextensiveandequalparticipationofsocialforcesinthevocationaleducation.TheStategivesfullplaytotheprimaryroleofenterprisesinrunningschools,promotesin-depthinvolvementinvocationaleducationbyenterprisesandencouragesenterprisestolaunchhigh-qualityvoc

24、ationaleducationprograms.Competentauthoritiesofrelevantindustries,tradeunions,ChinaVocationalEducationAssociationandothermassorganizations,tradeorganizations,enterprisesandpublicinstitutionsshall,inaccordancewiththelaw,fulfilltheirobligationstocarryoutvocationaleducation,participatein,supportorcarry

25、outvocational有关行业主管部门、工会和中ducation华职业教育社等群团组织、行业组织、企业、事业单位等应当依法履行实施职业教育的义务，参与、支持或者开展职业教育。第十条国家采取措施，大力Article10TheStateadoptsmeasurestovigorouslydevelopeducationofskilledworkerstocomprehensivelyimprovethe发展技工教育，全面提高产业工人qualityofindustrialworkers.TheStateadoptsmeasuresto素质。supportvocationaleducationpr

26、ogramsfortheruralareas,organizetraininginagriculturalskills,trainingonpeoplereturningtotheirhometownstoworkorstartbusinessandvocationalskills国家采取措施，支持举办面向trainingandcultivatehigh-qualitytalentsforrevitalizingtherural农村的职业教育，组织开展农业技areas.能培训、返乡创业就业培训和职业TheStateadoptsmeasurestosupportthedevelopmentof技

27、能培训，培养高素质乡村振兴人vocationaleducationintheoldrevolutionarybaseareas,areasinhabitedbyethnicminorities,remoteareasandunderdeveloped才。areas.国家采取措施，扶持革命老TheStateadoptsmeasurestoorganizevariouskindsofjob-transferred,re-employed,unemployedpersonsandspecialgroups区、民族地区、边远地区、欠发达toreceivevariousformsofvocational

28、educationandsupportthe地区职业教育的发展。developmentofthevocationaleducationforthedisabled.TheStateguaranteeswomensequalrighttoreceivevocational国家采取措施，组织各类转education.岗、再就业、失业人员以及特殊人群等接受各种形式的职业教育，扶持残疾人职业教育的发展。国家保障妇女平等接受职业教育的权利。第十一条实施职业教育应当Article11Todevelopvocationaleducation,weshould,inaccordancewiththeneeds

29、ofeconomicandsocial根据经济社会发展需要，结合职业developmentaswellastheoccupationalclassification,分类、职业标准、职业发展需求，occupationalstandardsandtheneedsofvocationaldevelopment,formulateeducationalstandardsortraining制定教育标准或者培训方案，实行programsandadoptasystemofacademiccredentials,other学历证书及其他学业证书、培训证educationalcertificates,tra

30、iningcertificates,vocationalqualificationscertificatesandvocationalskillsgrade书、职业资格证书和职业技能等级CeHifiCateS.TheStateadoptsasystemunderwhichworkersshouldreceivenecessaryvocationaleducationbeforegetting证书制度。employedortakinguptheirposts.国家实行劳动者在就业前或者上岗前接受必要的职业教育的制度。第十二条国家采取措施，提高技术技能人才的社会地位和待遇，弘扬劳动光荣、技能宝贵、

31、创造伟大的时代风尚。Article12TheStateadoptsmeasurestoraisethesocialstatusandtreatmentoftechnicalprofessionalsandcreateasocialatmosphereinwhichworkishonored,skillsarevaluableandcreationislauded.TheStatewill,inaccordancewithrelevantregulations,commendandrewardorganizationsandindividualsthathavemadeoutstandingac

32、hievementsintheworkofvocationaleducation.国家对在职业教育工作中做出显著成绩的单位和个人按照有关规ThesecondweekofeachMayshouldbetheWeekofVocationalEducation.定给予表彰、奖励。每年5月的第二周为职业教育活动周。第十三条国家鼓励职业教育领域的对外交流与合作，支持引进境外优质资源发展职业教育，鼓励有条件的职业教育机构赴境外办学，支持开展多种形式的职业教育Article13TheStateencouragesforeignexchangeandcooperationinthefieldofvocatio

33、naleducation,supportstheintroductionofhigh-qualityoverseasresourcestodevelopvocationaleducation,encouragesqualifiedvocationaleducationagenciestorunschoolsoverseasandsupportsthemutualrecognitionoflearningresultsofvocationaleducationinvariousforms.学习成果互认。第二章职业教育体系ChapterIlVocationalEducationSystem2,Ei

34、a&Article14TheStateestablishesandimprovesamodern第十四条国家建立健全适应h服务全民终身学习的现代职业教育体系。国家优化教育结构，科学配置第十五条 职业学校教育分为 中等职业学校教育、高等职业学校 教育。中等职业学校教育由高级中等 教育层次的中等职业学校（含技工 学校）实施。高等职业学校教育由专科、本科及以上教育层次的高等职业学校 和普通高等学校实施。根据高等职 业学校设置制度规定，将符合条件 的技师学院纳入高等职业学校序以i人千丽r的mvocationaleducationsystemservingthelifelonglearningfor经济

35、社会发展需要，产教深度融thewholepeople,inordertomeettheneedsofeconomicand合，职业学校教育和职业培训并socialdevelopment,deeplyintegrateindustryandeducation,壬ew、京MNgkmpayequalattentiontovocationalschooleducationand重，职业教育与普逋教育相互融vocationaltraining,integratevocationaleducationand通，不同层次职业教育有效贯通，generaleducation,andlinkupvocationa

36、leducationatalllevelseffectively.TheStateoptimizestheeducationalstructure,allocateseducationalresourcesinascientificmannerandpromotesthecoordinateddevelopmentofvocationaleducationandgeneraleducationinlightofthelocalconditionsandinthedifferentstagesaftercompulsoryeducation.教育资源，在义务教育后的不同阶段因地制宜、统筹推进职业

37、教育与普通教育协调发展。Article 15 Vocationalschooleducationisdividedintosecondaryvocationalschooleducationandhighervocationalschooleducation.Thesecondaryvocationalschooleducationshallbecarriedoutbysecondaryvocationalschools(includingtechnicaltrainingschools)attheseniorsecondarylevel.Thehighervocationalschooled

38、ucationshallbecarriedoutbyhighervocationalschoolsandgeneralinstitutionsofhigherlearningatthelevelofjuniorcolleges,universitiesorabove.Qualifiedtechnicianscollegesshouldbeincorporatedintohighervocationalschoolsaccordingtotheprovisionsonestablishmentofhighervocationalschools.Otherschools,educationalin

39、stitutionsorqualifiedenterprisesandtradeorganizationsmay,inaccordancewiththeoverallplanningoftheeducationauthorities,implementvocationalschooleducationatcorrespondinglevelsorprovidecreditcoursesthatareincorporatedintotalenttrainingprograms.列。第十六条职业培训包括就业 前培训、在职培训、再就业培训及 其他职业性培训，可以根据实际情 况分级分类实施。其他学校、

40、教育机构或者符合条件的企业、行业组织按照教育行政部门的统筹规划，可以实施相应层次的职业学校教育或者提供纳入人才培养方案的学分课程。Article 16 Vocationaltrainingincludespre-employmenttraining,on-the-jobtraining,re-employmenttrainingandothervocationaltraining,whichmaybesubjecttolevel-by-levelandclassifiedimplementationinlightoftheactualsituation.Vocationaltrainingma

41、ybecarriedoutbycorrespondingvocationaltrainingagenciesandvocationalschools.E,一L，E,Otherschoolsoreducationalinstitutionsaswellasenterprisesand职业培训可以由相应的职业培socialorganizationsmay,inlightoftheireducationalcapacityand训I机构、职业学校实施。socialneeds,lawfullycarryoutvarioussociety-orientedvocationaltrainings.其他学校

42、或者教育机构以及企业、社会组织可以根据办学能力、社会需求，依法开展面向社会的、第十七条国家建立健全各级 各类学校教育与职业培训学分、资 历以及其他学习成果的认证、积累 和转换机制，推进职业教育国家学 分银行建设，促进职业教育与普通 教育的学习成果融通、互认。多种形式的职业培训。Article 17 TheStateestablishesamechanismofauthentication,accumulationandtransferofcredits,qualificationsandotherlearningresultsofschooleducationandvocationaltrai

43、ningofalltypesandatalllevels,pushesforwardtheestablishmentofanationalcreditbankforvocationaleducationandpromotestheintegrationandmutualrecognitionoflearningresultsofvocationaleducationandgeneraleducation.Themilitaryvocationalskilllevelsshouldbeincorporatedintothenationalvocationalqualificationauthen

44、ticationandvocationalskilllevelevaluationsystem.军队职业技能等级纳入国家职业资格认证和职业技能等级评价体系。第十八条残疾人职业教育除 由残疾人教育机构实施外，各级各 类职业学校和职业培训机构及其他 教育机构应当按照国家有关规定接 纳残疾学生，并加强无障碍环境建 设，为残疾学生学习、生活提供必 要的帮助和便利。国家采取措施，支持残疾人教Article 18 Vocational education for the disabled shall be provided by the educational agencies for the disab

45、led. The vocational schools, vocational training agencies and other educational agencies at all levels and of all types shall admit disabled students in accordance with relevant provisions of the State, strengthen the construction of barrier-free environment and provide necessary assistance and conv

46、enience for disabled students in their study and living. The State adopts measures to support educational agencies, vocational schools, vocational training agencies for the disabled and other educational agencies in carrying out or jointly carrying out vocational education for the disabled.育机构、职业学校、

47、职业培训机构及其他教育机构开展或者联合开展Teachers engaged in special education of vocational education for the disabled may enjoy special education allowances in accordance with the relevant provisions.残疾人职业教育。从事残疾人职业教育的特殊教 育教师按照规定享受特殊教育津 贴。第十九条县级以上人民政府 教育行政部门应当鼓励和支持普通 中小学、普通高等学校，根据实际 需要增加职业教育相关教学内容， 进行职业启蒙、职业认知、职业体 验，开展职业规划指导、劳动教 育，并组织、引导职业学校、职业Article 19 The administrative department of education under a peoples government at the county level or above shall encourage and support general primary and secondary schools as well as general institutions of higher l