杨忠--语言学概论-课后综合测试题及中文版答案.docx

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1、综合测试题(一)1. Indicatethefollowingstatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets：(10points)：()1.Generallinguisticsisbasedontheviewthatlanguageasasystem,whichiscomposedofthreeaspects:sound,structureandmeaning.()2.Thetotalnumberofwordsstoredinthebrainiscalledmorphology.()3.Thesentence“Thewoma

2、ncan,tbearchildren5isstructurallyambiguous.()4.Categorizationreferstotheprocessbywhichpeopleuselanguagetoclassifytheworldaroundandinsidethem.()5.Metaphorscancreatesimilaritiesbetweenthetargetdomainandthesourcedomain.()6.Accordingtoreferentialcontent,deixiscanbeputintopersondeixis,placedeixis,timedei

3、xisanddiscoursedeixis.()7.Phrasestructurerulesarerulesthatspecifytheconstituentsofsyntacticcategories.()8.ModalitycanbecategorizedintoprobabilityandUsuality.()9.Ageisnotthelearnerfactorthathasbeenanissueinsecondlanguageacquisitionresearch.()10.Register,asavarietyoflanguageinuse,isanalyzedonthreedime

4、nsions:field,modeandtenor.11. Multiplechoice:(10points)1.isthefirstandforemoststrikingfeatureofhumanlanguage.A.creativityB.arbitrarinessC.displacement2. Syntactically,Japaneseislanguage.A.analyticB.isolatingC.synthetic3. ThegeneralroleslanguageplaysaretermedD.interchangeabilityD.agglutinatingA.metal

5、anguagesB.metafunctionsC.metadiscoursesD.metagrammar4.isaprocessthatcreatesanewwordbydroppingarealorsupposedsuffix.A.BlendingB.EponymsC.Backfbrmation5. Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageiscalleda.A.suffixB.prefixC.morphemeD.ClippingD.morph6.theoriesarethosethatattempttoexplainacquisitiononthebasiso

6、fassuminganinnatebiologicalendowmentthatmakeslearningpossible.A.EnvironmentalistB.functionalistC.nativistD.bothaandb7.Wordsandphraseslikenow,yesterday,nextweek,inthreeday,etC.arecalledA.persondeixisB.timedeixisC.placedeixis8. Everysyllablehasa(n),whichisusuallyavowel.A.nucleusB.onsetC.code9. isdefin

7、edasthestudyofmeaning.A.linguisticsB.semanticsC.morphologyD.discoursedeixisD.rhymeD.pragmatics10.Aisamixedlanguagewhichhasbecomethemothertongueofaspeechcommunity.A.pidginB.creoleC.EsperantoD.naturallanguageIII. MatchthetermsincolumnAwiththephrasesincolumnBandputa,b.jintobrackets:(10points)A()1.Socia

8、linguistics()2.AppliedLinguistics()3.Morphology()4.Phonetics()5.Linguistics()6.Syntax()7.Psycholinguistics()8.Pragmatics()9.Phonology()10SemanticsBa. theanalysisofsentencestructureb. theanalysisofmeaningincontextc. theanalysisofmeaningd. thestudyofsoundsystemsandpatternse. theapplicationoflinguistic

9、theoriestootherspheresf. thestudyofspeechsoundsg.thestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsocietyh.thestudyofwordstructurei. thescientificstudyoflanguagej. thestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandmindIV. Foreachgroupofsoundslistedbelow,statethephoneticfeature(s)theyallshare:(10points)1.tfd32.mn

10、93.f0sh4.dnz1r5.i:iu:uV. Considerthefollowingwordsandfillintheform:(10points)WordsanalyzednumberofmorphemestroublesomefreemorphemesstepmotherpsycholinguisticsunderstatementantidisestablishmentarianismVI. Interpretatethefollowingambiguoussentences:(10points)1. Theduckistoohottoeat.(1)(2)2. Visitingfr

11、iendscanbeboring.(1)(2)VILExplainthefollowingterms:(10points)1.derivation2.learnerfactorsVIII.Answerthefollowingquestions?(30points)1. Whatisthedifferencebetween“aredandarcdcoat,*?2. Whatarethefeaturesofmodernlinguistics?3. AccordingtoAustin,whatdoesaspeechactconsistof?综合测试题(二)1. Indicatethefollowin

12、gstatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets:(10points)()1.AccordingtoM.A.K.Halliday,thethreemetafunctionsoflanguageareideationalmetafunction,interpersonalmetafunctionandlogicalmetafunction.()2.Dualityisthefirstandforemoststrikingfeatureofhumanlanguage.()3.Modalitycanbecategorizedinto

13、modalizationandmodulationaccordingtoHalliday.()4.Morphologyisthestudyoftheinternalstructureandtheformationofwords.()5.Associativemeaningsaremeaningsthathingeonreferentialmeaning.()6.Secondlanguageacquisitionisacomplexprocesswhichinvolvessocialfactorsandlearnerfactors.()7.Varietiesofalanguageareoffou

14、rtypes:thestandardvariety,regionaldialets,sociodialectsandregisters.()8.Functionallinguisticsisbasedontheviewthatlanguageasasystem,whichiscomposedofthreeaspects:sound,structureandmeaning.()9.Euphemismisanexpressionthatsubstitutesonewhichmaybeseenasoffensiveordisturbingtotheaddressee.()10.Intonationi

15、sthevariationofpitchtodistinguishutterancemeaning.II.Multiplechoice:(10points)1. Thelanguageusedtotalkaboutlanguageiscalled.A.languageB.metalanguageC.naturallanguageD.artificiallanguage2. +continuantspecifies.A.allthefricativesB.allthefricativesandglidesC.allthefricativesandliquidsD.allthefricatives

16、,liquidsandglides3.isaprocessthatcreatesnewwordsbyputtingtogethernon-morphemicpartsofexistingwords.A.CoinageB.BIendingC.AcronmymsD.Clipping4. Aisaminimaldistinctivelinguisticunit.A.morphemeB.wordC.phonemeD.allophones5. Thewordmultinationalityhasmorphemes.A.2B.3C.4D.56.isatermwidelyusedinsociolinguis

17、ticstorefertovarietiesaccordingtouse,jincontrastwithregionaldialectsandsociolects,bothofwhichare“varietiesaccordingtouser1.A.fieldB.modeC.tenorD.register7.areafundamentalunitofconversationalstructure.A.back-channelsignalsB.adjacencypairsC.pre-sequencesD.insertionsequences8.Theideathatpeoplecooperate

18、witheachotherinconversingisgeneralizedbyGrice(1975)as()1.Thisvetisveryfamousinthetown.()2.Thisclassroomislargeandbright.()3.Heiswateringflowers.()4.0rlonisakindofclothmaterial.()5.Wattisthemeasurementunitofelectricity.()6.EECisanimportantorganizationintheworld.()7.Aneditorisapersonwhoeditsanewspaper

19、.()8.Theroadwasenlargedlastyear.()9.Someyoungpeoplehavebrunchquiteoften.Ba. Conversionb. Derivationc. Blendingd. Backformatione. Acronymf. Compoundingg. Coinageh. Eponymi. ClippingV.Pickoutthesoundthatdoesnotbelongtothegroupofthesoundsaccordingtothenaturalclassofsounds.Andthennamethefeature(s)thatde

20、finetheonepickedoutandthegroupofsounds:(10points)Forexample:1.2.3.4.5.zvoiced/voicelessfzsm?n回回mMwszJd33i:i?u同i:?:同?()7.InEnglish,thetwoliquidsIandrarephonemes,butinKorean,theyareallophones.()8.MoodisasyntacticconstituentmadeupoftheSubjectandthePredicate.()9.Compoundingisonetypeofwordformationbycomb

21、iningbothfreemorphemesandboundmorphemes.()10.Thetotalnumberofwordsstoredinthebrainiscalledthelexicon.j. .Multiplechoice:(10points)1. Thefollowingsareallfeaturesoflanguageexcept.A.dualityB.productivityC.changeabilityD.displacement2. Thelexicalsenserelationbetweenflourandfloweris.A.synonymyB.antonymC.

22、polysemyD.homonymy3.isaprocessthatputsanexistingwordofoneclassintoanotherclass.A.ConversionB.AbbreviationC.EponymsD.Blending4. Childrenallundergostagesoflanguagedevelopment.A. babbling,two-word,holophrasticandthetelegraphicspeechB. babbling,two-word,telegraphicspeechandtheholophrasticC. babbling,hol

23、ophrastic,two-word,andthetelegraphicspeechD. babbling,holophrastic,telegraphicspeechandthetwo-word5. ThefollowingsareacknowledgedasimportantfactorsinsecondlanguageacquisitionexceptA.motivationB.nationalityC.ageD.learningstrategy6. Speakersconsiderthematteroffaceforthemselvesandothers.Basedonthisobse

24、rvation,Leech(1983)proposes.A.thecooperativeprincipleB.theprincipleofrelevanceC.thepolitenessprincipleD.speechacts7. Minimalpairscanbeexemplifiedby.A.moonoonB.foot/foodC.she/sheetD.sea/sea8. Thefeaturesthatarefoundoverasegmentorasequenceoftwoormoresegmentsarecalled()9.Thestreetwaswidenedlastyear.Ba.

25、Conversionb.Derivationc.Blendingd.Backformatione.Acronymf.Compoundingg.Coinageh.Eponymi.ClippingIV.Writethephoneticsymbolthatcorrespondstothearticulatorydescription.(10points)1. labiodentals2. interdentals3. backvowels4. highvowels5. palatalaffricatesV. MatchthesentenceinColumnAwiththelinguisticproc

26、essincolumnB.Andputtheletteryouchooseinthebracket.(10points)A()1.Thenoiseannoyedhim.()2.Thepolicecaughthim()3.Therearetwobooksonthetable.()4.Johnexplainedthetheorytome.()5.HewatchesTVeveryday.()6.TheconferenceisonMondayBa.Materialprocessb.Relationalprocessc.Mentalprocessd.Verbalprocesse.Behavioralpr

27、ocessf.ExistentialprocessVI. Explainthefollowingterms:(10points)1.arbitrariness2. voicingVII.Drawtreediagramstoshowtheambiguityofthesentence,uTheycanfish*.(10points)VIII.Answerthefollowingquestions?(30points)1.2. Whatisthedifferencebetweenagreenhouseandagreenhouse?Whatisconversionintermsofwordformat

28、ion?Illustrateitwithexamples.3. Whatarethecomponentsofmetaphors?综合测试题(四)I. Indicatethestatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets:(10points)()1.Englishisatonelanguage.()2.Boundmorphemesarealwaysattachedtofreemorphemestoformnewwords.()3.Associativemeaningsaremeaningsthathingeonreferent

29、ialmeanings.()4.MetaphorisanessentialelementinourcategorizationoftheworldandOurthinkingprocess.()5.Overgeneralizationisfounduniversalinsecondlanguageacquisition.()6.AccordingtoM.A.K.Halliday,thethreemetafunctionsoflanguageareexperientialmetafunction,interpersonalmetafunctionanddiscoursemetafunction.

30、()7.Thelanguageusedtotalkaboutlanguageiscalledmetalanguage.()8.Therearetwotypesoflanguageintheworld:naturallanguageandartificiallanguage.()9.Coinageisaprocessofinventingwordsbasedonexistingmorphemes.()10Environmentalisttheoriesholdthatexperienceisofmoreimportancethaninnatecontributionsinlearningasec

31、ondlanguage.II. Multiplechoice:(10points)1. Theword“antidisestablishmentariaismiscomposedofmorphemes.A.sixB.sevenC.eightD.nine2. referstothevibratingofthevocalcordswhensoundsareproduced.A.VoicingB.VoicedC.NasaIizationD.Aspiration3. Smogisaword.A.derivedB.clippedC.blendedD.compound4. Theideathatthele

32、arnershaveasenseofachievementaslongastheylearnifofvitalimportance.Thiskindofmotivationmaybetermedmotivation.A.instrumentalB.integrativeC.cognitiveD.noneofthem5. u:possessesthefeatures.A.+high+back+round-tenseB.+high-back+round+tenseC.+high+back+round+tenseD.-high+back+round+tense6. Englishisanexampl

33、eoflanguages.A.VSOB.SVOC.SOVD.SVO7. Aisthesmallestdistinctivelinguisticunitthatcancontrastwordsinmeaningandinform.A.phonemeB.phoneC.morphemeD.morph8. Freemorphemesweretraditionallycalled.A.affixesB.prefixC.suffixD.root9. Thelexicalsenserelationbetweenelephantandanimalis.A.hyponymyB.synonymyC.antonym

34、yD.homonymy10. Wordslikemaleandfemale,passandfail,etc.areantonyms.A.gradableB.complementaryC.reversalD.relativeIII.MatchthesentenceinColumnAwiththelinguisticprocessincolumnB.Andputtheletteryouchooseinthebracketbeforethesentence.(10points)A()1.JohnistalkingtoJane.()2.Tomistheleader()3.Thereisacatonth

35、ebed.()4.Thebadnewsastonishedher.()5.Edwardbrokethewindow.()6.Hewavedhishands.Ba.Materialprocessb.Relationalprocessc.Mentalprocessd.Verbalprocesse.Behavioralprocessf.ExistentialprocessIV. Statewhatsemanticpropertyorpropertiesaresharedbythegroupofwords.(10points)Forexample:typewriter,ruler,notebook1.

36、king,bachelor,son2.bull,rooster,stallion3.pine,rose,elm4.bravery,charity,devotion5.car,bike,plane+stationaryV. Transcribethesoundrepresentedbytheunderlinedletter(s)inthewordsandthedescribeit.(10points)Example:fara:backlowvowel1.thread2.beat3.important4.live5.stopVI.Explaintheambiguityofthefollowings

37、entences.(10points)1. Shecannotbearchildren.(1)(2)(3)2. Hehatesoldmenandwomen.(1)(2)VII.Explainthefollowingtermswithexamples.(10points)1.2. CompoundingFreevariationVII.Answerthefollowingquestions?(30points)1.2.Whatisthedistinctionbetweensemanticsandpragmatics?Whatarethefourparametersthatunderlieaspe

38、akerscommunicativecompetenceaccordingtoHymes(1972)?3. Whatarethethreetypesofantonyms(lexicalopposition)inEnglish?综合测试题(五)I. Indicatethestatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets:(10points)()1.Languageisdefinedasasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.()2.Languageconta

39、instwosubsystems,oneofsoundsandtheotherofmeaning.()3.TheSwisslinguistChomskyregardedthelinguisticsignascomposedofsoundimageandreferent.()4.Languagecanbeusedtorefertothingsrealorfalse,past,presentorfuture.()5.Languageismerelygeneticallytransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration.()6.Weuselanguageassymbolic

40、codetorepresenttheworldaroundus.()7.Theideatonalfunctionoflanguagebindsindividualstogether.()8.Whenwespeakorwriteweusuallyconfineourselvestosinglephrasesorsentences.()9.Languageismostlyanaturalphenomenon.()10.Appliedlinguisticisconcernedwiththeapplicationoflinguistictheoriesanddescriptionsinotherfie

41、lds.II. Transcribethesoundunderlinedinthewordsandthendescribeit.(5points)1.2.3.4.5.GeographicRedSongClockPsychopathyIII. ThefollowingsetsofminimalpairsshowthatEnglishpandbcontrastininitial,medial,andfinalpositions.(5points)Initialpit/bitMedialrapid/rabidFinalcap/cabFindsimilarsetsofminimalpairsforea

42、chpairofconsonantsgiven:1.2.3.4.5.k-gmnlrb-vb-mIV. Eachofthefollowingcolumnsillustratesadifferentmorphologicalprocess.(10points)ColumnIA.chairsB.widerCJookedD.Tom,sColumnIIA.realityB.movementC.malcontentD.stepmotherColumnIIIA.blackboardB.greenhouseC.makeshiftD.paintwork(1) Whatmorphologicalprocessis

43、shownbyColumnI,IIandIII.(2) Whatisthemorphologicaldifferencebetweena),b)andc),d)inColumnII.V.Tellwhetherpolarityormodalityisexpressedinthefollowingsentencesifmodality,thenidentifythetype(modalizationormodulation).(10points)1 .Ihavenotfinishedthetask.2 .Heoftencomestomyoffice.1. 1willshowyouhowtomake

44、upthebed.4. Hehardlycamebacktoseehismother.5. Thecompanyoughttocutthepriceoftheproducts.VI.Analyzethesemanticpropertiesofthegivencookingterms,usingthefeatures+/-WATER,+/-FAT,+/-PAN,+/-POT,+/-OVEN,+/-SIEVE,etc.(10points)boil:fry:steam:stew:bake:V11.Paraphraseeachofthefollowingsentencesintwodifferentw

45、aystoshowthatyouunderstandtheambiguityinvolved:(15points)a) .Theprofessor,sappointmentwasshocking.b) .Thedesignhasbigsquaresandcircles.c) .Thegovernorisadirtystreetfighter.VHI.WhatmaximofthepolitenessprincipleisobservedbyB?Whatistheimplicature?(5points)a) .Thedressislovely,isn,tit?b) .Thematerialisn

46、ice.IX.Drawtwophrasestructuretreesrepresentingthetwomeaningsofthesentencethemagiciantouchedthechildwiththewand.Besureyouindicatewhichmeaninggoeswithwhichtree.(10points)X.Answerthefollowingquestion:(20points)1. WhatisthefunctioningofstressandintonationinEnglish?2. Howdoyouaccountfortherelationbetween

47、phoneticsandphonology?综合测试题(六)1. Indicatethestatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets:(20points)()1.Inthestudyofthefirststepisthetaskofauditoryphonetics.()2.Thesoundsourceisthelarynx.()3.Theoralcavitycontainsmostofthearticulators,namely,theuvula,thevelumthehardpalate.()4.Soundswhichareproducedwiththeupperteethtouchingthelowerliparelabialdentals.()5.Conversionisusuallyfound