2023-2024学年北师大版（2019）必修第三册Unit8GreenLivingLesson3WhiteBikesontheRoad-Writingshop单词讲义.docx

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1、Unit8Iesson2-writingshopposter词性：名词中文意思：海报，广告画英文释义：alargeprintedpictureornotice,especiallyoneadvertisinganevent,product,etc.词源：来自拉丁语的postula,意为“张贴”或“公告”。例句：Isawaposterforthenewmovieonthebusstop.固定搭配：PoSterehild（代表某事物或观念的典型人物），posterboy（受欢迎的人或物）近义词：billboard,advertisementfounder词性：名词/动词中文意思：创始人，建立者；使

2、沉没，失败英文释义：apersonwhoestablishesacompany,organization,orinstitution;tocausetosinkorfail词源：来自古英语的“faestan”，意为“建立”或“奠定”。例句：Heisthefounderofthecompany.固定搭配：founderofanation（建国者），founderofadynasty（开国皇帝）近义词：establishesinitiatorprofit词性：名词/动词中文意思：利润，益处；获利，获益英文释义：moneygainedbysellinggoodsorservices;togainan

3、advantageorbenefitfromsomething词源：来自拉丁语的“profitere”，意为“利用”或“受益”。例句：Thecompanymadeaprofitof$10millionlastyear.固定搭配:profitmargin（利润率），profitandlossaccount（损益表）近义词：gain,benefitadvantageorganiser词性：名词中文意思：组织者，筹办者英文释义：apersonwhoorganizesaneventoractivity词源：来自法语的“Organisateur”，意为“组织者二彳列句：Sheistheorganiser

4、ofthecharityevent.固定搭配：eventorganiser（活动组织者），teamorganiser（团队组织者）近义词：coordinator,planner;managerunion词性：名词/动词中文意思：联合，联盟；结合，合并英文释义：anassociationofpeopleorgroupsjoinedtogetherforacommonpurpose;tojoinorbringtogetherintoonegrouporwhole词源：来自拉丁语的“unio”，意为“联合”或“结合”。例句：Theworkersformedauniontonegotiatebette

5、rwages.固定搭配：tradeunion（工会）,laborunion（劳工联盟）近义i司：alliance,coalition,associationcontented（形容词）中文意思：满意的，知足的英文释义：feelingorshowingsatisfaction;notwantingmore词源：来自拉丁语“contentus”，意为满足的。彳列句：Sheseemedcontentedwithherlife.固定搭配：becontentedwithsth./sb.（对某事/某人感到满意）近义词：satisfied,pleased,happyoccur（动词）英文释义：happen,

6、takeplace词源:来自拉丁语occurrere,意为发生。例句：Theaccidentoccurredatmidnight.固定搭配：OCCUrtOSb.（某人突然想到）近义词：happen,takeplace,ariseagriculture（名词）中文意思：农业，农学英文释义：thepracticeoffarming,thescienceoffarming词源：来自拉丁语,agricultural意为农业。例句：Modernagriculturehasmadegreatprogressinrecentyears.固定搭配:agricultureindustry（农业产业）近义词：fa

7、rming,horticulture,agronomyProPOSaI（名词）中文意思：提议，建议英文释义：anideaorsuggestionthatisputforwardforconsideration词源：来自拉丁语proponere,意为提出。例句：Theyhaveacceptedmyproposal.固定搭配：ProPoSaIletter（提议信）近义词：suggestion,recommendation,planregion（名词）中文意思：地区，区域英文释义：aparticularareaoflandoracountrywithitsowngovernmentandlaws词源

8、：来自拉丁语“regionem”，意为地区。例句：Thisregionisknownforitsbeautifulscenery.固定搭配：economicregion（经济区域）近义词：area,zonezterritoryslim词性：形容词中文意思：苗条的，纤细的英文释义：havingasmallorslenderbodyshape词源：来自古英语Slym,意为“瘦弱”例句：Sheisveryslimandalwayswearstightclothes.固定搭配：slimdown（减肥），slimfigure（苗条的身材）近义词：slender,thin,skinnysurvival词性

9、：名词中文意思：生存，幸存英文释义：thestateofcontinuingtoliveorexist词源：来自拉丁语SUrViVere,意为“继续活着”例句：Thekeytosurvivalinthewildisadaptation.固定搭配：survivalrate（存活率），SUrViValkit（生存工具包）近义i司：existence,subsistence,preservationrate词性：名词/动词中文意思：速度，比率，评价英文释义：ameasureofthefrequencyofaneventortheamountofsomethingperunitoftime：toass

10、essorevaluatethequalityorperformanceofsomething词源：来自古法语rate,意为“评估，估价”例句：Therateofinflationhasincreasedinrecentyears.（名词）Weneedtoratetheeffectivenessofthisnewpolicy.（动词）固定搭配：interestrate（利率）,birthrate（出生率），ratingsystem（评级系统）近义i司：ratiozassessment,evaluationquote词性：动词/名词中文意思：引用，报价英文释义：torepeat（wordsspo

11、kenorwrittenbysomeoneelse）exactlyastheyweresaidorwritten；astatementthatisquotedfromsomeoneelse,swork词源:来自古法语quoter,意为“引用”例句：HequotedapassagefromShakespeareinhisspeech.（动词）Ineedyoutogivemeaquotefortherepairs.（名词）固定搭配：quoteunquote（引述别人的话），quotemarks（引号）近义hcite,mention,referheadstone词性：名词中文意思：墓碑，墓石英文释义

12、：astoneorpieceofwoodplacedattheheadofagravetomarkitandusuallytocommemoratethepersonburiedthere词源：来自古英语heafodstan,意为“头石”例句：Theheadstonewasengravedwithhernameanddates.固定搭配:graveyardheadstone（墓地墓碑），familyheadstone（家族墓碑）overcome词性：动词中文意思：克服，战胜英文释义:tosuccessfullydealwithadifficultproblemorsituation词源:来自古

13、英语OferCUman”，意为“从上面抓住”或“征服二例句：Sheovercameherfearofheightsbyclimbingthemountain.固定搭配：overcomeanobstacle,overcomeachallenge,overcomedifficulties近义词：conquer,defeat,masterdetermination词性：名词中文意思：决心，决定英文释义：thequalityofbeingfirmanddeterminedinachievingonesgoals词源:来自拉丁语“determinatio”，意为“决定”。彳列句：Hisdetermina

14、tiontosucceedwasevidentfromthestart.固定搭配：showdetermination,havedetermination,strongdetermination近义市J：resolve,willpower;persistenceworkthrough词性：动词短语中文意思：解决，完成，通过工作实现英文释义：tosolveaproblemorcompleteataskbyworkingonitcarefullyandthoroughly词源：WOrk为动词，through为介词，组合在一起表示“通过工作实现二例句：Weneedtoworkthroughthisis

15、suetogether.固定搭配：workthroughaproblem,Workthroughaproject,workthroughadifficultsituation近义词：solve,accomplish,finishformer词性：形容词/名词中文意思：以前的，前任的，前者的英文释义：relatingtotheearliertimeorperson;belongingtoorrelatingtothefirstoftwopeopleorthingsmentioned词源：来自古法语former”，意为“更早的”。例句：MyformerbossisnowlivinginAustra

16、lia.固定搭配：formerpresident,formeremployee,formerlife近义词：previous,earlier,excurrent词性：形容词/名词中文意思：当前的，现在的，电流的英文释义：existingatthepresenttime;flowingthroughaconductorasafluid;movingcontinuouslyinonedirection词源:来自拉丁语“currere”，意为“流动”。彳列句：Thecurrentsituationisverychallengingforeveryone.固定搭配：currentevents,curr

17、entaffairs,currenttrend近义词：present,modern,electriccurrentcounty词性：名词中文意思：郡，县英文释义：adivisionofastateorcountryhavingdefinedboundariesandcertainadministrativefunctions词源：来自古英语的“cude”（部落）和“land”（土地），意为部落的土地。例句：HelivesinthecountyofKent.固定搭配：countycouncil（县议会）、CoUntyfair（县级集市）近义词：district,regionordinary词性：

18、形容词中文意思：普通的，平常的英文释义：notunusualorspecial;normal词源：来自拉丁语的Ordinarius,意为“属于常规的”。例句：Shehadanordinarylife.固定搭配：anordinaryday（平凡的一天）、outoftheordinary（不寻常的）近义词：common,typical,regularparking词性：名词/动词中文意思：停车，停车场英文释义：n.theactofleavingavehicleinaparticularplaceforaperiodoftimev.toleaveavehicleinaparticularplacef

19、oraperiodoftime词源：来自动词park（停放车辆）。例句：Ifoundaparkingspotnearthestore.固定搭配：ParkinglOt（停车场）、parkinggarage（停车库）近义词：parkingspace,parkingareatherefore词性：副词中文意思：因此，所以英文释义：forthatreason;asaresult;consequently词源：来自古英语单词thaerfor”，意为“为了这个原因”。例句：HewasIatezthereforehemissedthebeginningofthemovie.固定搭配：therefOreitf

20、olIoWS（因此，由此得出）近义词：hence,thus,consequentlycomeupwith词性：动词短语中文意思：想出，提出，找到英文释义：tothinkof（anidea,plan,etc.）;toprovide（ananswer;solution,etc.）词源：来自中古英语的“comeuppon或comeupon”，意为“偶然遇到”或“突然想到“。例句：Canyoucomeupwithagoodexcuseforbeinglate?固定搭配：comeupwithanidea（想出一个主意）、comeupwithasolution（提出一个解决方案）disappear（动词）

21、中文意思：消失，不见英文释义:toceasetobevisibleorexist词源：来自拉丁语的dis-（否定）和叩Parere（出现），意为“不再出现”例句：Thesundisappearedbehindtheclouds.固定搭配：disappearfromview从视野中消失近义i司：vanish,fadeaway,gomissingtracking（名词/动词）中文意思：追踪，跟踪英文释义：theactoffollowingsomeoneorsomethingcloselyinordertofindoutwheretheyaregoingorwhattheyaredoing词源：来自

22、古英语的tracian,意为“跟随”例句：Thepoliceweretrackingthesuspectscar.固定搭配：trackingdevice追踪装置近义词：following,monitoring,trailingdestination（名词）中文意思：目的地，终点英文释义：theplacethatsomeoneistravelingtoorbeingsentto词源：来自法语的destination,意为“目的，目标”例句：Whatisyourfinaldestination?固定搭配：reachonesdestination到达目的地近义词：endpoint,goal,targ

23、etPedaI（名词/动词）中文意思：踏板，骑自行车或摩托车时脚踩的部分；踩踏板英文释义：aflatpieceofmetalthatyoupresswithyourfoottomakeamachinework,ortorideabicycleormotorcycle词源：来自拉丁语的PedaIis,意为“脚”，指用于行走或骑马的脚部支撑物例句：Shepresseddownonthepedalandthebikestartedmoving.固定搭配：PedaIPOWer脚踏动力，人力近义词：footrest,treadle,push-buttonresident（名词/形容词）中文意思：居民，居

24、住者：常驻的，定居的英文释义：apersonwholivesinaparticularplace;livingpermanentlyinaparticularplace词源：来自拉丁语的residue,意为“停留，居住”彳列句：Theresidentsofthetownwereproudoftheirheritage.固定搭配：residentdoctor住院医生，常驻医生近义i司：inhabitant,dweller;sojournerofficial词性：形容词中文意思：官方的，正式的英文释义：belongingtoordonebythegovernmentoranorganization

25、词源：来自拉丁语“officium”，意为“职责”或“职务”例句：TheofficiallanguageofthiscountryisEnglish.固定搭配：officialdocument,officialstatement,officialduties近义词：formal,authorized,legitimateattitude词性：名词中文意思：态度，看法英文释义：apersonsopinionorwayofbehavingtowardssomeoneorsomething词源：来自拉丁语“attitudo”,意为“倾斜”或“方向”例句：Shehasapositiveattitude

26、towardslife.固定搭酉己：attitudetowards,attitudeproblem,changeonesattitude近义词：opinion,viewpoint,perspectivediagram词性：名词中文意思：图解，图表英文释义：adrawingthatexplainshowsomethingworksorisorganized词源：来自希腊语“diagramma”，意为“写在平面上的图形”例句：Hereisadiagramshowinghowthemachineworks.固定搭配：flowdiagram,electricaldiagram,structuraldi

27、agram近义词：chart,graph,illustrationpercentage词性：名词中文意思：百分比，百分率英文释义：anumberorquantityexpressedasafractionof100outofatotalnumberoramount词源：来自拉丁语PerCentUm”，意为“每一百”例句：Onlyasmallpercentageofpeoplevotedintheelection.固定搭配：percentagepoint,percentageincrease,percentagedecrease近义词：fraction,proportion,ratedispos

28、able词性：形容词中文意思：一次性的，可处理的英文释义：designedtobethrownawayafteruse词源：来自拉丁语“dispositi。”，意为“安排”或“布置”例句：Thesearedisposablecupsforparties.固定搭配：disposableincome,disposablerazor;disposablecamera近义词：One-time,throwaway,temporarypackaging词性：名词中文意思：包装，打包英文释义：theprocessofwrappingorprotectinggoodsforsaleorstorage词源：来自

29、动词“pack”，意为“打包”或“塞满”例句：Thepackagingoftheproductneedstobeimproved.固定搭配：packagingdesign,packagingmaterial,eco-friendlypackaging近义词：wrapping,covering,containerizationplastic词性：名词（n.）/形容词（adj.）中文意思：塑料，可塑的英文释义：n.amaterialthatcanbeshapedwhenheatedandhardenswhencooled,usedformakingmanyhouseholdobjectsandpa

30、ckaging.adj.abletobeshapedormoldedeasily.词源：来自希腊语“plastikos”，意为“可塑的”。例句：Shewrappedthefoodinplasticwraptokeepitfresh.（她用保鲜膜把食物包起来以保持新鲜。）固定搭配:plasticbag（塑料袋）,plasticsurgery（整形手术），plasticwaste（塑料垃圾）近义词：syntheticmaterial（合成材料），man-madesubstance（人造物质）honey词性：名词（n.）中文意思：蜂蜜英文释义：n.asweetstickysubstanceprodu

31、cedbybeesfromnectartheycollectfromflowers,usedincookingoreateninitsliquidform.词源：来自中古英语“honeie”，意为“蜜二例句：IIiketoPUthOneyinmytea.（我喜欢在茶里加蜂蜜。）固定搭配：honeycomb（蜂巢），honeymoon（蜜月），honeydewmelon（蜜瓜）近义词：nectar（花蜜），beebread（蜂粮）butter词性：名词（n.）/动词（v.）中文意思：黄油，涂抹英文释义：n.ayellowishfattysubstancemadefrommilkorcreaman

32、dusedincookingoronbread.v.tospread（something）withbutter.词源:来自古英语“buter”，意为“黄油二例句：Shespreadbutteronhertoast.（她在吐司上涂了黄油。）固定搭配：butterknife（黄油刀），butterdish（黄油碟），butterup（讨好，奉承）近义词：margarine（人造黄油），spread（涂抹物）yoghurt词性：名词（n.）中文意思：酸奶英文释义：n.athickcreamyfoodmadefrommilkfermentedbybacteria,ofteneatenasadesser

33、torsnack.词源：来自土耳其语“yogurt”,意为“酸奶”。例句：Ipreferyoghurttoicecreambecauseitshealthier.（我更喜欢酸奶而不是冰淇淋,因为它更健康。）固定搭配：yoghurtdrink（酸奶饮料），yoghurtmaker（酸奶机），yoghurtcup（酸奶杯）近义词：curdcheese（凝乳奶酪）,fermentedmilk（发酵乳）container词性：名词（n.）中文意思：容器，集装箱英文释义：n.areceptacleforholdingsomething,typicallyonewithalidandanopeningfo

34、rpouringoutthecontents.n.alargemetalboxusedfortransportinggoodsbyshipztrain,ortruck.词源:来自拉丁语ucontenere,意为“包含”。例句：Sheputthecookiesinacontainerandstoredtheminthepantry.（她把饼干放在一个容器里，存放在食品储藏室里。）固定搭配：containership（集装箱船），containeryard（集装箱堆场），foodContainer（食品容器）近义词：box（盒子），canister（罐子），jar（罐子）majority词性：名词

35、中文意思：多数，大多数英文释义：thegreaternumberorpartofagroup,especiallywhencomparedwiththerest词源：来自拉丁语majoritas,意为“较大的部分”彳列句：Themajorityofpeopleinthistownarefarmers.固定搭配：inthemajority（占多数）近义词：most,pluralitysum词性：名词/动词中文意思：总数，金额；总结，概括英文释义：atotalamountornumber;toadduptoaparticularamountornumber词源：来自古英语SUmma,意为“总和”例

36、句：Whatisthesumof5and3?固定搭配：sumup（总结，概括）近义词：total,amountindicate词性：动词中文意思：指示，表明；暗示，预示英文释义：toshoworpointoutclearly;tosuggestorimplythatsomethingislikelytohappen词源：来自拉丁语indicare,意为“指出，标明”例句：Theredlightindicatesthatyoumuststop.固定搭配：indicateto（向指出）近义词：show,suggest,implylandfill词性：名词中文意思：垃圾填埋场英文释义：aplacew

37、herewastematerialisburiedundergroundintheground词源：IandfiIl是Iand（土地）和fill（填充）的组合词，意为“用土地填充“伊句：Thecitybuiltanewlandfilltohandlethegrowingamountoftrash.固定搭配：landfillsite（垃圾填埋场）近义词：dump,garbagedumpfootwear词性：名词中文意思：鞋类，鞋子英文释义：clothingforthefeet,suchasshoes,boots,sandals,etc.词源：footwear是foot（脚）和Wear（穿戴）的组

38、合词，意为“脚的穿戴物”例句：Shehasawidecollectionoffootwearfordifferentoccasions.固定搭配:athleticfootwear（运动鞋）近义词：shoes,boots,sandalsannually词性：副词中文意思：每年地，年度地英文释义：OCClliTingOnCeeVeryyear词源:来自拉丁语“annualis”，意为“一年的”例句：Thecompanyconductsanannualauditofitsfinancialstatements.固定搭配：annuallyrenewablelease（年租约）、annuallyadju

39、stedrate（年化调整率）近义词：yearly,peryearnear-surface词性：形容词中文意思：接近地表的，近地表的英文释义：closetothesurfaceofthegroundorwater词源：由near（接近）surface（表面）组成彳列句：Theearthquakecausedsignificantdamagenearthesurfaceofthecity.固定搭配：near-surfacegeophysics（近地表地球物理学）、near-surfacemining（近地表采矿）近义词：shallow,subsurfacebuild-up词性：名词/动词中文意思

40、：积累，建立，增强英文释义：aprocessofgraduallyincreasinginamountorintensity；theactofconstructingsomething词源：来自英语中的“build”（建造）和“UP”（向上）的组合例句：Therehasbeenabuild-upoftensionbetweenthetwocountries.（两国之间的紧张局势逐渐加剧。）固定搭配：build-uparea（集结区）、build-upphase（积累阶段）、build-upofpressure（压力增加）近义词：accumulation,increase,constructio

41、npollutant词性：名词中文意思：污染物，污染物质英文释义：asubstancethatcausespollutionorcontamination词源：来自英语中的“p。IlUte（污染）和ant“（后缀表示物或人）的组合例句：Thefactorywasfinedforreleasingpollutantsintotheriver.（该工厂因向河流排放污染物而被罚款。）固定搭配：airpollutant（空气污染物）、WaterPollUtant（水污染物）、pollutantcontrol（污染物控制）近义词：contaminant,toxicant,wastematerialflo

42、oding词性：动词/名词中文意思：泛滥，淹没，充满英文释义：theactofcoveringorfillingcompletelywithwater：alargeamountofwatercoveringanareathatisusuallydry词源：来自古英语中的呻中an,意为“涌流”或“洪水”例句sTheheavyraincausedfloodinginthestreets.（大雨导致街道被淹。）固定搭配：floodingwaters（洪水）、floodingdisaster（洪灾）、floodingrisk（洪水风险）近义词：inundation,deluge,overflowing

43、overflow词性：动词/名词中文意思：溢出，满溢，外流英文释义：toflowovertheedgesofacontainer；asurplusorexcessofsomethingthatcannotbecontainedwithinaparticularspaceortimeframe词源：来自古英语中的“Oferfl6wan”，意为“溢出”或“流出”例句：Thebathtubisoverflowingbecauseyouleftthetaprunning.（浴缸因为水龙头开着而溢出来了。）固定搭配：overflowtank（溢流箱）、overflowpipe（溢流管）、overflowarea（溢出区域）