2024届一轮复习外研版选修八Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse单元学案（27页word版）.docx

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1、2024届一轮复习外研版选修八MOdUIe5TheConquestoftheUniverse单元学案一单元基础词汇句式全练一、写其形1. leapn,飞跃，跳动2. accustomedadj.习惯的3. assumev.假定，假设4. PatienCen.耐性5. advancedadj.高级的，先进的6. dependv.依靠；取决于7. viewv.看，视察8. acknowledgev.承认；认为9. accusev.指责10. sorrown,哀痛；哀思11. reliefn.劝慰；宽慰12. aidn,帮助13. broadadj.丰富的；广泛的14. devotionn.忠诚15

2、. consultv.询问；请教16. impact影响，作用二、知其意1. jointadj.共同的；联合的2. Marsn.火星3. Jupitern.木星4. Aldebarann.毕宿五，金牛座中的红色巨星5. probe宇宙探测器，航天探测器6. Saturnn,土星7. shuttlen.航天飞机8. historicadj.历史性的，有重大历史意义的9. tunev.收看（电视）；收听（广播）10. witnessv,目击，亲眼望见；亲身经验11. burstv.爆炸12. planetn.行星13. ultravioletadj.紫外线的14. Phoebe土卫九15. Tit

3、an土卫六（土星卫星中最大的一颗）16. decaden.十年17. randomadj.随意的；随机的18. backwardsadv.向后地；倒退地19. deed行为20. knightn.骑士，武士21. tensionn.惊慌关系22. autonomousadj.自治的；有自治权的23. defeatn.失败24. authorityn.权力；权威25. swearv.起誓保证26. avenge匕.替报仇，报复27. latter（刚提及的两个人或物之中的）后一个，其次个28. graspn,限制29. glory光荣；荣誉30. divisionn.部分31. airspace

4、n.（某个国家的）领空32. motherlandn,祖国33. abstractadj.抽象的34. foreseev.预知；预见35. destinyn,命运；天命36. sympathyn,怜悯；怜悯心37. mitmentn.忠诚；奉献38. oughtmodal匕应当；应当39. consistentadj.一样的；吻合的40. faithn.宗教信仰41. rationaladj.理智的；合理的42. dignityn.尊贵；尊严43. prayv.祷告；祈祷44. holyadj.（有关）上帝的；神圣的45. acuteadj.猛烈的；激烈的46. stableadj.稳定的；安

5、定的47. humanbeingA48. supremeadj.最超群的；最优的49. scholar（文或英）学生50. whilstcon.=while当的时候；同时51. arguablyadv.有争议地52. dramaticadj.给人深刻印象的；戏剧性的53. invasion入侵54. alienn,外星人55. observationn.视察；监视56. inescapableadj,不行避开的57. assumptionn.假定，假设58. vanguardn.先头部队59. underwayadj.在进行中的60. hysterian.歇斯底里61. newsflashn.

6、新闻快讯62. mountingadj.越来越猛烈的63. deliberatelyadv.蓄意地，有意地1. inSPiteOf不管2. alIheVerybeginningof在一起先的时候3. aseriesof一系列的；一连串的4. accuseSbOfSIh指责/控告某人某事5. prayfor祈望；祈求6. besimilarto与相像的7. setinmotion使某事起先8. makeit胜利；准时到达9. setout起先做；着手进行；陈述10. get/beaccustomedtosth/doingsth习惯于1. BythetimetheChallengertookoff

7、in1986,theworldSeemedIOhaveIOSIitsfearandwonderattheamazingachievementofpeoplegoingupintospace.到1986年“挑战者”号起飞，当世界人民得知人类进入太空这一巨大的成就时，他们好像已不再胆怯与震惊了。2. Anordinaryteacher,ChristaMcAuliffe,37,whowasmarriedwithtwochildren,wasIobeIhefirslCiviIianinspace.一位37岁的一般老师克里斯塔麦奥里菲将要成为第一位进入太空的一般公民，她已经结婚并有两个孩子。3. The

8、worldwasinshockmaybetheyassumedthisspaceflightwouldbenoInOredangerousthangettingonanaeroplane.全世界都震惊了一一或许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没有什么危急。4. Incredibleasitmayseem,boththeobservationsofscienceandtheevidenceofoureyesleadtotheinescapableassumptionthatthosestrangebeingswholandedintheNewJerseyfarmlandstonighta

9、rethevanguardofaninvadingarmyfromtheplanetMars.尽管看起来不行思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必定会让我们做出一个设想，那就是今晚着陆在新泽西农场的怪物就是来自火星入侵部队的先导。二单元综合学问运用检测I.阅读理解AMostbuildingsarebuilttostandupstraight,buttheselookasiftheymightfallover!ThechurchtowerofSuurhusenBuiltin1450,the27-metre-highchurchtowerliesinSuurhusen,Germany.Itwa

10、sbuiltinwetlandonfoundationsofoaktreetrunks（树干）.Whenthelandwasdrained（排水）later,thewoodbrokedown,causingonesideofthetowertobealittlelowerthantheother.In1975,thetowerbecamearealhazardandpeoplewerenotallowedtoenteruntilthefoundationsweremadestrongagain.Thelean（倾斜）ofthetowerisnowaboutfivedegrees.TheLean

11、ingTowerofPisaTheworkofbuildingthetowerbeganin1173,andwasfinallycompletedin1372.Infact,itbegantoleanafterjustacoupleoffloorswerebuilt.Andthisconditioncontinuedinthecenturiesafteritscompletion.Thetowerwasfinallyclosedtothepublicin1990afterpeoplefailedtostabilize（使稳固）itsfoundations.In2024,itwasreopene

12、dafterengineersremovedsoilfromunderneathitsraisedside.Nowitleansjustanangleof3.97degrees.CapitalGateofAbuDhabiCompletedin2024,theCapitalGatetowerinAbuDhabiwasdesignedtoleaneighteendegrees.ThebuildingstandsnexttotheAbuDhabiNationalExhibitionCentreandcontains,amongotherthings,afinehotelwithwonderfulvi

13、ewsoftheharbour.AlsoknownastheleaningtowerofAbuDhabi,thetowerisoneofthetallestbuildingsinthecity.BigBenofLondonThebuildingleans0.26degreestothenorthwest.Thiswasmainlycausedbytheengineeringprojects（项目）thathavebeencarriedoutinthegroundbelowitsincethelate1800s.Thetower,whichhasbeencontinuouslyopensince

14、itwascompletedin1858,hasnowhereneartheleanoftheTowerofPisaandisstillcompletelysafetoenter.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四座著名世界的斜塔。1. Theunderlinedworduhazard,inParagraph2probablya”meansB. churchA.dangerC.castleD.treasure解析：选A词义揣测题。由该词后的peoplewerenotallowedtoenteruntilthefoundationsweremadestrongagain”可知，塔由于倾

15、斜变得危急了，所以不允许人们进去了，故选A项。2. WhatcanwelearnabouttheLeaningTowerofPisa?A. Itdid11,tleanuntiltenyearsafteritscompletion.B. Ittookalmosttwohundredyearstocomplete.C. Itwasbuiltonfoundationsofoaktreetrunks.D. Ithasbeenopensinceitwascompleted.解析：选B细微环节理解题。由第三段中的Theworkofbuildingthetowerbeganin1173,andwasfina

16、llycompletedin1372.”可知，建成比萨斜塔用了将近200年的时间，故选B项。3. Whichofthefollowingtowersleansthemostaccordingtothetext?A. ThechurchtowerofSuurhusen.B. TheLeaningTowerofPisa.C. CapitalGateofAbuDhabi.D. BigBenofLondon.解析：选C细微环节理解题。由其次段中的“fivedegrees”,第三段中的“3.97degrees，第四段中的“eighteendegrees”和最终一段中的“0.26degrees可知,C项为

17、正确答案。BFirstaidisemergencycareforavictimofsuddenillnessorinjuryuntilmoreskillfulmedicaltreatmentisavailable.Itmaysavealife.Inmanyemergencies,firstaidmaypreventavictim,sconditionfromturningworseandproviderelieffrompain.Firstaidmustbeadministeredasquicklyaspossible.Inthecaseofthecriticallyinjured,afewm

18、inutescanmakeadifference.First-aidmeasuresdependuponthevictim5sneedsandtheprovider*slevelofknowledgeandskill.Knowingwhatnottodoinanemergencyisasimportantasknowingwhattodo.Improperlymovingapersonwithaneckinjury,forexample,canleadtopermanentspinal（脊柱的）injuryandparalysis（瘫痪）Despitethevarietyofinjuries,

19、severalprinciplesoffirstaidcanapplytoallemergencies.Thefirststepistocallforprofessionalmedicalhelp.Thevictim,ifconscious,shouldbereassuredthatmedicalaidhasbeenrequested,andaskedforpermissiontoprovideanyfirstaid.Next,assessthescene,askingpeoplearoundortheinjuredperson,sfamilyorfriendsaboutdetailsofth

20、einjuryorillness,anycarethatmayhavealreadybeengiven,andpre-existingconditionssuchasdiabetes（糖尿病）orhearttrouble.Thevictimshouldbecheckedforamedicalcardthatdescribesspecialmedicalconditions.Unlesstheaccidentscenebecomesunsafeorthevictimmaysufferfurtherinjury,donotmovethevictim.Firstaidrequiresrapidass

21、essmentofvictimstodeterminewhetherlife-threateningconditionsexist.Onemethodforevaluatingavictim,sconditionisknownastheacronym（首字母缩略词）ABC,whichstandsfor：AAirway:Isitopenandclear?B-Breathing:Isthepersonbreathing?Look,listenandfeelforbreathing.C一Circulation:Isthereapulse?Isthepersonbleedingexternally?C

22、heckskincolorandtemperatureforadditionalindicationsofcirculationproblems.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是急救的重要性以及如何实施急救。4. FirstaidmaybringaboutallthefollowingresultsEXCEPT.A. savingavictim,slifeB. preventingavictim,sconditionfromgettingworseC. relievingavictimfrompainD. helpingapersonavoidsuddenillnessorinjur

23、y解析：选D细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“Itmaysave.providerelieffrompain.,可知A、BC三项的内容均为急救的作用。再依据对急救的描述可知，急救不能避开突发的疾病或损害。5. Beforeweofferfirstaidtoavictim,itisveryimportantforusto.A. makesurewhattodoandwhatnottodoB. refertoallkindsofhandbooksonfirstaidC. removethemedicalcardhe/shemaytakeD. takehim/hertoahospitalatonce解

24、析：选A细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Knowingwhatnottodo.knowingwhattodo.,可知A项正确。6. Whengivingfirstaidtoavictim,youshouldfirstofall.A. removehim/herfromtheaccidentsceneB. turnhim/heroverC. callforprofessionalmedicalhelpD. examinehim/hercarefully解析：选C细微环节理解题。依据第三段的其次句话“Thefirststepistocallforprofessionalmedicalhelp.”可

25、知，首先是找寻专业的医疗帮助，故选C。7. Youmayassessavictim,sconditionbyallthefollowingEXCEPT.A. checkingwhetherthereisapulseB. looking,listeningandfeelingforbreathingC. measuringhis/herbloodpressureD. examiningwhethertheairwayisopenandclear解析：选C细微环节理解题。依据文章最终一段的内容可知A、B、D三项均表述正确，而C项没有提及，故应选C。CSometimesveryOeldthingss

26、howupinordinaryplaces.Inthe1800s,astrangesightbegantobereportedbyfarmers.Theninthe1970s,thisstrangeeventbegantohappenmoreandmoreoften.Peopletraveledformilestostandinthefieldsandtakephotosofsomethingtheycouldn,teasilyexplain.Whatweretheylookingat?Itwasthecropcircleslargeandcomplex（困难的）designssetintot

27、hemiddleofordinaryfarmfields.Noonecouldunderstandhowthesehugedesignsweremade.Cropcirclesarefoundmostofteninfieldsofwheat,corn,orrice.Theyareusuallycreatedovernight,althoughsomearereportedtohaveappearedduringtheday.Theyhavebeenseenallaroundtheworld,inmorethan70differentcountries.Scientistshavefoundth

28、attheplantsinsideacropcirclearedrierthantheonesoutsideit.Theplantstems（茎）arebentandnotbrokeninmostcropcircles,andsometimesthesoilinthedesignhasmoreironthanthesoiloutsideofthedesign.Unfortunately,thesefactsalonedonothelpscientistsanswertheirquestionsaboutcropcircles.Thesefactsonlymakethemmoremysterio

29、us.SomepeoplebelievecropcirclesaremadebyUFOs（UnidentifiedFlyingObjects）landinginfarmfields.Othersthinkaliens（夕卜星人）areleavingusmessagesinthebeautifuldesigns.StillothersbelieveEarthenergyunderthegroundmakesplantsbendoverindesigns.Somepeoplesaytheyactuallymadethecropcircleswithspecialequipment.Scientis

30、tshavefoundsomecropcirclesthatarecertainlymadebypeople,buttheyareusuallyalittledifferentfromothercropcircles.Sowhomakescropcirclesandwhytheymakethemcan,tbeexplainedtothisveryday.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麦田怪圈的相关学问。8. Whatdoestheunderlinedword“oddinParagraph1probablymean?A.Big.B.Bad.C.Unreal.D.Unusual.解析：

31、选D词义揣测题。依据第一段中的“astrangesight,somethingtheycouldn,teasilyexplain,以及“Noonecouldunderstandhow可知，这些提示信息均指向一些人们无法理解的不寻常的事情。9. It,sgenerallythoughtthatcropcircles.A. aremadeduringthenightB. happeninthesameplacesC. arefoundinterribleplacesD. haveveryfrighteningdesigns解析:选A细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Theyareusuallycre

32、atedovernight,可知，人们普遍认为麦田怪圈是一夜之间形成的。10. Whichofthefollowinghavethescientistsproved?A. Somecropcirclesareman-made.B. UFOshelpcreatesomecropcircles.C. Thereactuallyarecropcirclesmadebyaliens.D. Earthenergyisonereasonforcropcircles,appearance.解析：选A细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中的“Scientistshavefoundsomecropcirclesthat

33、arecertainlymadebypeople”可知，科学家已经证明有一些麦田怪圈是有人蓄意为之。11. Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A. TheHistoryofCropCirclesB. DifferentDesignsofCropCirclesC. CropCircles:TheUnsolvedMysteryD. CropCircles:TheGreatInfluenceonFarms解析：选C标题归纳题。文章第一段点出“Noonecouldunderstandhowthesehugedesignsweremade,最终一段中的“whomakescropc

34、irclesandwhytheymakethemcan,tbeexplainedtothisveryday”再次点明文章的主题，即：麦田怪圈始终是个不解之谜。故C项作标题概括了文章主旨。DAreyouatleast17yearsold?Doyouweighmorethan110pounds?Doyouconsideryourselffairlyhealthy?Ifyouansweredyestoallofthesequestions,youshouldbedonating（捐赠）bloodeverytwomonths.Inmysurveyofmyschoolmates,Ifoundthaton

35、ly50percentofthemhaveeverdonatedbloodandthatonly1outof13ofthemdonateregularly.Thelack（缺少）ofblooddonorsisaseriousproblemthatrequiresimmediateaction.AccordingtotheAmericanRedCrossWebpages,intheUnitedStatesalonesomeonereceivesabloodtransfusion（输血）onceeverythreeseconds.Peoplewhobenefitfromdonationsinclu

36、decancerpatientsaswellasbabies.Theneedforbloodnevertakesavacationandneithershoulddonors.1.etmetellyouaboutBrooke,athree-year-oldgirlwithcancer.Brookehasspentabouthalfofherlifeinthehospitalreceivingtreatments.Hertreatmentwillrequireabout500unitsofbloodintotal,ofwhichonly250unitshavebeenreplaced.Shest

37、illneedstheotherhalfofthetotalamounttocontinuehertreatment.Ifshedoesn,treceivethisblood,shewillnotlivetostartkindergarten.ExampleslikeBrooke,sarebecomingalltoocommonthesedays,withonly1in20Americansdonatingbloodandthisnumberkeepsdroppingeachyear.Thesefactsareextremelyworryingconsideringthatnearlyhalf

38、ofusherewillneedbloodsometimeinourlives.Youcannowseetheseriousnessoftheproblemwiththelackofblooddonations.Fortunately,itisaproblemthatcanbeeasilysolved.Eachandeveryoneofyoucanbepartofthesolution.AllyouhavetodoisgotothenearestRedCrossanddonateyourblood.语篇解读：本文是一篇争论文。作者在文中论述了义务献血的紧迫性。12. Howdoestheaut

39、horexplaintheproblemmentionedinParagraph2?A. Byansweringquestions.B. Bymakingcomparisons.C. Bypresentingresearchfindings.D. Bydescribinghisownexperiences.解析：选C写作手法题。依据其次段中的“Inmysurveyofmyschoolmates,Ifoundthat.,可知，作者在其次段主要是通过陈述自己的探讨发觉来说明说明献血者少这一问题。13. WhatcanwelearnfromtheAmericanRedCrossWebpages?A.

40、 Thesufferingofpatients.B. Thestrongneedforblood.C. TheeffortsoftheRedCross.D. Thebenefitsoftakingvacations.解析：选B推理推断题。依据第三段中的“intheUnitedStatesalonesomeonereceivesabloodtransfusion（输血）onceeverythreeseconds,和“Theneedforbloodnevertakesavacation,不难看出市场对血液的猛烈需求。14. Thethree-year-oldgirlBrooke.A. doesn,

41、tgetfairtreatmentinthehospitalB. willneedanother250unitsofbloodC. staysalivebyreceivingblooddailyD. can,twaittostartkindergarten解析：选B细微环节理解题。依据第四段中的Hertreatmentwillrequireabout500unitsofbloodintotal,ofwhichonly250unitshavebeenreplaced.Shestillneedstheotherhalfofthetotalamounttocontinuehertreatment.”

42、可知，Brooke还须要250单位的血液。15. Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A. Topersuadepeopletodonateblood.B. Topresentsomenewmedicalresults.C. Tocallonpeopletosavealittlegirl.D. Toexplaintherisksofblooddonation.解析：选A写作目的题。通读全文可知，本文的目的是劝告人们义务献血。II.阅读七选五CatsinancientEgyptManyofuslovecats.Theyarebeautiful,soft,cleverandlovi

43、ng.TheancientEgyptians（埃及人）consideredcats,alsoknownasMau,tobeveryimportant.Theyhonoredthemwithgreatrespect（敬重）Foronething,catshelpedpeoplebykeepingtheirhomesfreeofmice,rats,andsnakes.WithoutcatsEgyptcouldnothavebeentheimportantgrain-growing（谷物种植）centerthatitwas.2ThoughIdo11,tknowwhatotherpetstheEgyp

44、tianshad,catswereprobablythemostimportant.Catswerealsotrainedtohelphunters（猎人）3TheEgyptianslovedcatssomuchthatBast,anEgyptiangoddess,waspicturedintheformofacat.Bastappearedinartwork.Shewastheprotectorofthehouse.Thisideamadeaspecialconnectionbetweencatsandchildren.4Thesafetyofallcatswasofgreatconcern

45、toancientEgyptians.3ForeignerssometimestookcatsoutofEgyptsecretlyandtookthemtootherlands.Theytradedthemfortreasuresintheselands.EgyptiansoldiersweresenttopickupcatsfoundinothercountriesandbringthembackhometoEgypt.A. Thereweregoodreasonsforthat.B. TwotypesofcatsappearedinancientEgypt.C. Ingrainfields

46、,catshelpedcatchratsandmice.D. Theywereabletohelppickupthewoundedbirds.E. TherewereevenlawsagainstgettingacatoutofEgypt.F. Anyonewhokilledacatonpurposewouldbeputtodeath.G. That,swhymostEgyptianfamilieshadcatsforgoodluck.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫在古埃及人生活中的重要地位。1 .选A由下文的“Foronething,catshelped.andsnakes,W

47、ithoutcatsEgypt.centerthatitwas.,和uCatswerealsotrainedtohelphunters（猎人）.”可知,作者对古埃及人宠爱猫的缘由进行了分析，故选A项。2 .选C由该空前的“WithoutcatsEgypt.centerthatitwas.”可知，要是没有猫来帮助歼灭老鼠的话，古埃及不行能成为重要的谷物种植中心，故选C项。3 .选D由该空前的“Catswerealsotrainedtohelphunters（猎人）可知，D项内容符合此处语境。4选G由该段所讲解并描述的守护神BaSt可知，在古埃及很多家庭都饲养猫以求好运，故选G项。5 .选E由该空

48、后的uForeignerssometimestookcatsoutofEgyptsecretlyw和uEgyptiansoldiers.bringthembackhometoEgypt.,可知，应当有法律规定不许将猫带出埃及，故选E项。I.完形填空In1994Iwasinthemidstofadepression（抑郁症）.WhenIwasdepressed,I1.OnedayIwasclearinguptheroomsandfoundaCDcoveredwith2.Iwipeditoff,putitinthe3andstartedwashingdishes.Aman,svoice,readingpoetry,myho