ISOIECTR24028-2020信息技术人工智能人工智能的可信度概述.docx

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1、TECHNICALREPORTISO/IECTR24028Firstedition2020-05InformationtechnologyArtificialintelligence-OverviewoftrustworthinessinartificialintelligenceTechnologiesdeVinformationIntelligenceartificielleExamendensembledelaJkIbiIiiCenmatieredintelligenceartificielle3 by * Allrights rescncrPRividoI by IHS Markil

2、IlXJCT iccnse with IECNV *eMi*liAif *M (l*tvlit: (3ifNcd *ilHwl Iktfnc flMUeemilloJsiiaUKittlefruIHSISO/IEC2020-A11rightsreservedNoifoResale.O6IO32O2O2029:40MDTForewordISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)andIEC(theInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission)formthespecializedsystemforworl

3、dwidestandardization.NationalbodiesthataremembersofISOorIECparticipateinthedevelopmentofInternationalStandardsthroughtechnicalcommitteesestablishedbytherespectiveorganizationtodealwithparticularfieldsoftechnicalactivity.ISOandIECtechnicalcommitteescollaborateinfieldsofmutualinterest.Otherinternation

4、alorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,inliaisonwithISOandIEC,alsotakepartinthework.TheproceduresusedtodevelopthisdocumentandthoseintendedforitsfurthermaintenancearedescribedintheISO/IECDirectives,Partl.Inparticular,thedifferentapprovalcriterianeededforthedifferenttypesofdocumentshouldbenot

5、ed.ThisdocumentwasdraftedinaccordancewiththeeditorialrulesoftheISO/IECDirectives,Part2(seewwwiso.org/directives).Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisdocumentmaybethesubjectofpatentrights.ISOandIECshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.Detailsofanypaten

6、trightsidentifiedduringthedevelopmentofthedocumentwillbeintheIntroductionand/orontheISOlistofpatentdeclarationsreceived(seewww.iso.org/patents)ortheIEClistofpatentdeclarationsreceived(seehttp:/patents.iec.ch).Anytradenameusedinthisdocumentisinformationgivenfortheconvenienceofusersanddoesnotconstitut

7、eanendorsement.ForanexplanationofthevolunttatClSO/(EC2C0-AUrightsProvidedbyIHSMarkilundeclicensewithIECNorproduct)aarnetworkingPennaedwithou!IICenSefromHSIntroductionThegoalofthisdocumentistoanalysethefactorsthatcanimpactthetrustworthinessofsystemsprovidingorusingALcalledhereafterartificialintellige

8、nce(AI)systems.ThedocumentbrieflysurveystheexistingapproachesthatcansupportorimprovetrustworthinessintechnicalsystemsanddiscussestheirpotentialapplicationtoAlsystems.ThedocumentdiscussespossibleapproachestomitigatingAlsystemvulnerabilitiesthatrelatetotrustworthiness.Thedocumentalsodiscussesapproache

9、stoimprovingthetrustworthinessofAlsystems.OimamiGrSUoUdWkMiThSUahiiUYiMIconM.hECMim*d,H5Maitr*nMRKChyr*artMl*A*Umm*At3.22intendeduseuseinaccordancewithinformation(3.20)providedwithaproductorsystem(3.38)or,intheabsenceofsuchinformation,bygenerallyunderstoodpatterns(3.26)ofusage.SOURCE:ISO/IECGuide51:

10、2014,3.63.23machinelearningMLprocess(3.29)bywhichafunctionalunitimprovesitsperformancebyacquiringnewknowledgeorskillsorbyreorganizingexistingknowledgeorskillsSOURCE:ISO/IEC2382:2015,21237893.24machinelearningmodelmathematicalconstructthatgeneratesaninferenceorprediction,basedoninputdata(3.11)3.25neu

11、ralnetworkcomputationalmodelutilizingdistributed,parallellocalprocessingandconsistingofanetworkofsimpleprocessingelementscalledartificialneurons,whichcanexhibitcomplexglobalbehaviourSOURCE:ISO18115-1:2013,8.13.26patternsetoffeaturesandtheirrelationshipsusedtorecognizeanentity(3.16)withinagivencontex

12、tSOURCE:ISO/IEC2382:2015,21237983.27personaldatadata(3.11)relatingtoanidentifiedoridentifiableindividualSOURCE:ISo5127:2017,3.1.10.14,modifiedTheadmittedtermsandNotes1and2toentryhavebeenremoved.3.28privacyfreedomfromintrusionintotheprivatelifeoraffairsofanindividualwhenthatintrusionresultsfromundueo

13、rillegalgatheringanduseofdata(3.1l)aboutthatindividualSOURCE:ISO/1EC2382:2015,2126263,modified-Notes1and2toentryhavebeenremoved.3.29processsetOfinterrelatedorinteractingactivitiesthatuseinputstodeliveranintendedresultSOURCE:ISO9000:2015,3.4.1,mcxlifiedThenotestoentryhavebeenomitted.3.30reliabilitypr

14、opertyofconsistentintendedbehaviourandresultsSOURCE:ISO/IEC270(X):2018,3.553.31 riskeffectofuncertaintyonobjectivesNote1toentry:Aneffectisadeviationfromtheexpected.ltcanbepositive,negativeorbothandcanaddress,createorresultinopportunitiesandthreats(3.39).Note2toentry!Objectivescanhavedifferentaspects

15、andcategoriesandcanbeappliedatdifferentlevels.Note3toentry:Riskisusuallyexpressedintermsofrisksources,potentialevents,theirconsequencesandtheirlikelihood.SOURCE:ISO31000:2018,3.13.32robotprogrammedactuatedmechanismwithadegreeofautonomy(3.7),movingwithinitsenvironment,toperformintendedtasksNote1toent

16、ry:Arobotincludesthecontrol(3.10)systemandinterfaceofthecontrolsystem(3.38).Note2toentry:Theclassificationofrobotintoindustrialrobotorservicerobotisdoneaccordingtoitsintendedapplication.SOURCE:ISO18646-2:2019,3.13.33roboticsscienceandpracticeofdesigning,manufacturingandapplyingrobots(3.32)SOURCE:TSO

17、8373:2012,2.163.34 safetyfreedomfromrisk(3.31)whichisnottolerableSOURCE:ISO/IECGuide51:2014,3.143.35securitydegreetowhichaproductorsystem(3.38)protectsinformation(3.20)anddata(3.1l)sothatpersonsorotherproductsorsystemshavethedegreeofdataaccessappropriatetotheirtypesandlevelsofauthorizationSOURCE:ISO

18、/IEC25010:2011,4.2.63.36 sensitivedatadata(3.1l)withpotentiallyharmfuleffectsintheeventofdisclosureormisuseSOURCErISO5127:2017,3.1.10.163.37stakeholderanyindividual,groupororganizationthatcanaffect,beaffectedbyorperceiveitselftobeaffectedbyadecisionoractivitySOURCE:ISO/IEC38500:2015,2.24Coprichtnent

19、ISO/IBC2020-llritsreserveProMgjtyIHSMamtUrKSerSgvthIECNoreproductionornetxngPefmitedthoutlicenseIromIHS3.38systemcombinationofinteractingelementsorganizedtoachieveoneormorestatedpurposesNote1toentry:Asystemissometimesconsideredasaproductorastheservicesitprovides.SOURCE:ISO/IEC/IEEE15288:2015,3.383.3

20、9threatpotentialcauseofanunwantedincident,whichmayresultinharm(3.lZ)tosystems(3.38),organizationsorindividuals3.40trainingprocess(3.29)toestablishortoimprovetheparametersofamachinelearningmodel(3.24)basedonamachinelearningalgorithm(3.3)byusingtrainingdata(3.11)3.41trustdegreetowhichauser(3.43)orotherstakeholder(3.3Z)hasconfidencethataproductorsystem(3.38)willbehaveasintendedSOURCE:TSO/IEC25010:2011,4.1.3.2