世界银行-企业层面调查的公共采购证据：世界银行企业调查的全球统计数据和一个新的公共采购调查模块（英）-2023..docx

《世界银行-企业层面调查的公共采购证据：世界银行企业调查的全球统计数据和一个新的公共采购调查模块（英）-2023..docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《世界银行-企业层面调查的公共采购证据：世界银行企业调查的全球统计数据和一个新的公共采购调查模块（英）-2023..docx（86页珍藏版）》请在课桌文档上搜索。

1、XGOVERNANCEEQUITABLEGROWTH.FINANCE&INSTITUTIONSINSIGHTP Zuofnv alnsoosQo=qndEvidenceonPublicProcurementfromFirm-LevelSurveysGlobalStatisticsfromtheWorldBankEnterpriseSurveysandaNovelPublicProcurementSurveyModuleWorldbankgroup2023InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment/TheWorldBank1818HStree

2、tNWWashingtonDC20433Telephone:Internet:www.woridbank.orgThisworkisaproductofthestaffofTheWorldBankwithexternalcontributions.Thefindings,interpretations,andnclusionsexpressedinthisworkdonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofTheWorldBank,itsBoardofExecutiveDirectors,orthegovernmentstheyrepresent.TheWorldBank

3、doesnotguaranteetheaccuracy,mpleteness,orcurrencyofthedataincludedinthisworkanddoesnotassumeresponsibilityforanyerrors,omissions,ordiscrepanciesintheinformation,orliabilitywithrespecttotheuseoforfailuretousetheinformation,methods,processes,orconclusionssetforth.Theboundaries,colors,denominations,and

4、otherinformationshownonanymapinthisworkdonotimplyanyjudgmentonthepartofTheWorldBankconcerningthelegalstatusofanyterritoryortheendorsementoracceptanceofsuchboundaries.NothinghereinshallconstituteorbenstruedornsideredtobealimitationuponorwaiveroftheprivilegesandimmunitiesofTheWorldBank,allofwhicharesp

5、ecificallyreserved.RightsandPermissionsThematerialinthisworkissubjecttocopyright.BecauseTheWorldBankencouragesdisseminationofitsknowledge,thisworkmaybereproduced,inwholeorinpart,fornoncommercialpurposesaslongasfullattributiontothisworkisgiven.Attribution:Pleasecitethisbriefasfollows:WorldBank.2023.u

6、Evidenceonpublicprocurementfromfirm-levelsurveysGlobalstatisticsfromtheWorldBankEnterpriseSurveysandanovelpublicprocurementsurveymodule”EquitableGrowth,Finance&InstitutionsInsight.Washington,DC:WorldBank.Anyqueriesonrightsandlicenses,includingsubsidiaryrights,shouldbeaddressedtoWorldBankPublications

7、,TheWorldBankGroup,1818HStreetNW,Washington,DC20433,USA;fax:202-522-2625;e-mail:pubrightsworldbank.org.AcknowledgmentsThispaperisjointlypreparedbytheEFIGovernanceandtheEnterpriseSurveyUnit.SerenaCocciolo(Enomist,EPSPA),DomenicoViganola(Economist,DECEA),andRuggeroDoino(ResearchAnalyst,DIME3)authoredt

8、hispaperundertheguidanofAdenikeSherifatOyeyiola(PracticeManager,EGVPF),JorgeLuisRodriguezMeza(PracticeManager,DECEA),SnezanaMitrovic(Adviser,EGVPF),andTraceyLane(PracticeManager,EAWG2).ThepaperusestheWorldBankEnterpriseSurveysdata,inparticularthestandardsurveysandaprocurementmodulepilotedinCroatia,P

9、oland,andRomaniainMay-June2021.TheprocurementmodulewasdevelopedjointlybytheWorldBankEnterpriseAnalysisUnitandtheWorldBankGovernanceGlobalPracticeinparticular,bySerenaCocciolo,DomenicoViganola,andSushmitaSamaddar-withvaluableinputsfromElenaCarmenCalin,FilipJolevski,NonaKaralashvili,andSilviaMuzi.Thep

10、aperalsobenefitedfromtheinputsreceivedfromtheparticipantsoftheEnterpriseSurveyUnitseminarandfrompeerreviewersManjolaMalo(SeniorProcurementSpecialist,ELCRU),CarmenCalin(ProcurementSpecialist,EECRU),andArvindJain(SeniorEconomist,DECEA).ContentsExecutiveSummary81. Introduction92. WBESDataandSample123.

11、DesignofFirm-LevelSurveystoGenerateEvidenceonPublicProcurement4. EvidenceonFirms,ParticipationinPublicProcurementJ.64.1. Whyfirm-levelsurveydataisimportant164.2. EvidencefromtheWBESJ_75. Evidenceonbarrierstoandchallengesofparticipationinpublicprocurementfromtheperspectiveoffirms5.1. WhyFirm-LevelSur

12、veyDataisImportant255.2. EvidencefromtheWBES266. EvidenceontheExperienceofBiddersandSuppliers326.1. WhyFirm-LevelSurveyDataisImportant326.2. EvidencefromtheWBES337. Conclusions36References38Annex A: PublicProcurementModulefromtheEnterpriseSurveyQuestionnaireAnnex B: SurveyImplementationMethodology43

13、Annex C: DefinitionofKeyVariablesandEmpiricalAnalysisAnnex D: AdditionalAnalysisandRobustnessChecks48Annex E: SampleDescription67Annex F: InstitutionalBackgroundforCroatia,Poland,andHRomaniaFiguresFigure1.CountrieswithOneorMultipleWBESWave13Figure2.SurveyDesignDecisions15Figure3.Country-LevelPartici

14、pationRatesinPublicProcurement18Figure4.ParticipationRatesinPublicProcurementAcrossRegions18Figure5.Country-LevelGapsinParticipationRatesinPublicProcurementbetweenSMEsandLargerFirms20Figure6.Country-LevelTrendsinParticipationRatesinPublicProcurement21Figure7.RegionalTrendsinParticipationRatesinPubli

15、cProcurement22Figure8.PerceptionofObstacles(Croatia)27Figure9.PerceptionofObstacles(Poland)27Figure10.PerceptionofObstacles(Romania)28Figure11.MainAdministrativeObstaclebeforeContractSignature29Figure12.MainReasonforLackofTrustintheProcess29Figure13.MainGeographicalBarriertoSecuringaGovernmentContra

16、ct30Figure14.BiggestChallengeExpectedWhenWorkingUnderaGovernmentContract30Figure15.Country-LevelRateofFirmsExpectedtoGiveGiftstoSecureaGovernmentContract34Figure16.RateofFirmsExpectedtoGiveGiftstoSecureaGovernmentContractAcrossRegionsTablesTable1:ShareofCountrieswithPublicProcurementLawRequirementfo

17、rAwardstoSMEs23Table2:TrendsinParticipationRatesinPublicProcurementbetween2013and2018,byFirmType(Kenya)Table 3: ShareofFirmsthatReceivedanyGovernmentContractsUnderAffirmativePlatform,byFirmType(Kenya)Table 4: ExperienceofBriberyandLackofTrustintheProcess242431AbbreviationsWBESWorldBankEnterpriseSurv

18、eyeGPE-GovernmentProcurementGPPGreenPublicProcurementGPPDGlobalPublicProcurementDatabasePPAPublicProcurementAuthoritySMEsSmallandMedium-sizedEnterprisesEAPEastAsiaandthePacificECAEuropeandCentralAsiaLACLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanMENAMiddleEastandNorthAfricaSASouthAsiaSSASub-SaharanAfricaExecutiveSum

19、maryPublicprocurementisattheintersectionbetweenthepublicandtheprivatesectors.Ononehand,relyingontheprivatesectorfortheprovisionofcertaingoodsandservicescanenhanceefficiency;ontheotherpublicprocurementcanbeastrategictooltosustainfirmsgrowthbothintheshortandinthelongterm.Policymakersandpractitionersar

20、eincreasinglypayingattentiontothepotentialcatalyticroleofpublicprocurementtopromoteenomicgrowthandinclusiveandsustainabledevelopment,forexamplethroughparticipationofSMEsandwomen-ownedfirmsinthismarket.Tosustainevidence-basedpoliciesinpublicprocurement,firm-levelsurveydatacanbeavaluablesourceofinform

21、ationonpublicprocurementmarket.Inparticular,itcancapturedimensionssuchasviewsandperceptionsoffirmsthatcannotbeobservedfrome-governmentprocurementdata,itallowstostudyfirmsthatneverenteredthepublicprocurementmarket,anditprovidesdataforcountriesthathavenotadoptedaneGPsystemyet.First,thispaperprovidesgu

22、idanceonhowtodesignahigh-qualityfirm-levelsurveytostudypublicprocurementfromtheperspectiveoffirms.Thefirstsetofdecisionsisonthetargetpopulation:whetherallfirmsintheprivatesectorshouldbeinvitedtoparticipateinthesurvey,oronlyfirmswithsomepreviousexperienceinpublicprocurement.Thesecondsetofdecisionsiso

23、nthesamplingdesign,whichiscriticaltoensurethatthe(weighted)statisticsfromthefirm-levelsurveydata,suchasthepercentageoffirmsparticipatinginpublicprocurement,areaccurateestimatesoftherealconditionsoftheprivatesector.Thethirdsetofdecisionsisonthemodeofdatacollection,whichshouldbeinformedbythespecificco

24、untrycontextandthecostimplications.Second,thispaperpresentssomeofthestatisticsandstylizedfactsthatcanbegeneratedonpublicprocurementfromtheexistingWorldBankEnterpriseSurveysdata,coveringmorethan150countriesworldwide.Theparticipationrateofprivatefirmsinpublicprocurementis18percent,andsmallfirmsare12pe

25、rcentagepointslesslikelytoparticipateinpublicprocurementthanlargerfirms.Globally,21percentoffirmsthatsecuredorattemptedtosecureatleastonegovernmentcontractinthe12monthspriortotheinterviewstatethatfirmssimilartotheirstypicallymakeinformalpaymentsorgivegiftstosecuregovernmentntracts.Aprocurementquesti

26、onnairemodulepilotedinCroatia,Poland,andRomaniaintheperiodMay-June2021showsthat,intheseuntries,administrativebarriersbeforentractsignaturearethebiggestobstacletoattemptingtosecureagovernmentntract,inparticulartheamountofeffortrequiredforbidpreparationandthelengthoftheprocessafterbidsubmission.Togeth

27、erwithlegislativeandinstitutionalreviews,andtheanalysisoftransactionalprocurementdata,firm-levelsurveydatacanbeusedtoidentifyweaknessesofapublicprocurementsystemandinformreformefforts.TheWorldBankEnterpriseSurveysmicrodataarepubliclyavailableforresearchandanalyticalstudies,andtheWorldBankiscontinuin

28、gexpandingitsefforttogenerateglobaldataonpublicprocurement.IntroductionPublicprocurementisasizeableeconomicactivity,andthereisincreasingattentiononhowitcanstrategicallycontributetoequitableandsustainableeconomicgrowth.Governmentprocurementspendingrepresentsaround15percentofglobalGDP(WorldBankt2022b,

29、1suggestingthatimprovingtheefficiency,effectiveness,andintegrityofpublicprocurementcangeneratesizeablesavingsandcreateadditionalfiscalspace.Beyondfiscalsavings,policymakersandpractitionersareincreasinglypayingattentiontothepotentialcatalyticroleofpublicprocurementtopromoteeconomicgrowthandinclusivea

30、ndsustainabledevelopment(WorldBank,2022b:WorIdBank,2023a).Bynature,publicprocurementisattheintersectionbetweenthepublicandtheprivatesector,andthereforeitcanbeastrategictooltosustainfirmsgrowth.Forexample,inBraZil2FerTaFinan,andSZerman(2015)demonstratethatpublicprocurementcanbeanengineforfirmgrowthbo

31、thintheshortandinthelongterm. Public procurement refers to government spending on goods, services, and works. The procurement and contracting cycle refers to the sequence of related activities, from needs assessment, through mpetition and award, to payment and ntract management, as well as any subse

32、quent monitoring or auditing (OECD. 2021). Similar results are found by CaDoeIIetti. Giuffrida, and ROViQatti (2022) in the context of Italy. Firms that win government contracts are more likely to stay in the market than marginal losers after the award. This boost is associated with improvements in

33、their credit position and earning substitution, and it lasts longer than the contract duration. Ferraz. Finan, and SZerman (2015) show that firms winning at least one government contract increase firm employee growth in that quarter, and in the future, are more likely to participate and win auctions

34、 and expand their business in new markets.Despiteagrowingacademicliterature,thereisstilllimitedevidenonthelinkbetweenpublicprocurementandfirms,whichthispapercontributestoaddressintwoways.First,thispaperdescribeshowfirm-levelsurveydatacanbeusedtogenerateevidenceonfirms,participationinpublicprocuremen

35、t,andontheperceivedbarriersandchallengeswhenoperatinginthismarket.Withtheincreasinglywidespreadadoptionofe-governmentprocurement(eGP), The World Bank GIObal PUbIiC ProCUremenlDatabaSe (GPPD) provides information on eGP adoption and level of maturity of the eGP system across countries globally. As of

36、 2020,159 countries (74 percent) were reported to have an eGP system, although with varying maturities and functionalities.anincreasingamountofadministrativedataisavailableonprocurementtransactions,andthesedatasourcesaretypicallyusedforresearchandfordata-drivenpublicprocurementdiagnostics.However,by

37、design,transactionaldatacannotcapturedimensionssuchasviewsandperceptionsoffirms,anditcannotbeusedtocharacterizefirmsthatneverenteredthepublicprocurementmarket.Firm-levelsurveyscanbeavaluablecomplementarydatasourceforpublicprocurementdiagnostics, WOlId Bank (2022a) provides detailed guidance on using

38、 procurement transactions data.especiallyforcountriesthathavenotadoptedaneGPsystemyet,andwheredatacollectionofadministrativedatafrompaperrecordswouldrepresentacostlyendeavor.Thispaperprovidesguidancetoteamsinterestedinusingfirmlevelsurveydatatogenerateevidenceonpublicprocurementfromtheperspectiveoff

39、irms.Thisevidence,whencomplementedbylegislativeandinstitutionalreviews,andbytheanalysisoftransactionalprocurementdata,canbeusedtoidentifyweaknessesofapublicprocurementsystemandinformreformefforts. A comprehensive methodology for assessing public procurement systems (MAPS) has already been developed

40、and implemented in more than 45 countries, and WorICl Bank，2022a) provides a framework for the application of data analytics in public procurement. Using firm-level survey data to analyze public procurement should be considered as complementary to these existing approaches, and it is intended to con

41、tribute to expanding the evidence base for procurement reforms.Publicprocurementdiagnosticsbasedonfirm-levelsurveydatacanbeusedaspartofstandalonepublicprocurementassessments,MAPSassessments,orcoreWorldBankdiagnostics. For example, the Croatia Country Economic Memorandum 2022 (WOrid BanK 2023b) and t

42、he Supporting the Efficiency of the Romanian Public Procurement System project (World Bank, 2022c) use firm-level survey with a focus on public procurement.Second,thispaperusestheWorldBankEnterpriseSurveys(WBES)datatodemonstratetheevidencethatcanbegeneratedfromfirm-levelsurveydataonpublicprocurement

43、.Indoingso,italsoprovidesnovelglobalstatisticsandstylizedfactsonthelinkbetweenpublicprocurementandfirms.TheEnterpriseSurveyscollectawiderangeofinformationthroughinterviewswithformalfirmsin151countries, The Enterprise Surveys focus on firms registered in the country, regardless wtether the ownership

44、is national or international.includingonparticipationinpublicprocurementfor150countries, All 159 firms interviewed in Guinea-Bissau did not respond to the question about their participation in public prurement.makingitpossibletoinvestigateafewcharacteristicsofthepublicprocurementmarketacrossalargesa

45、mpleofcountries. Further details on the Enterprise Surveys are provided in Annex B.1.ThispaperusestheWBESdatatoprovideanoverviewoffirmsparticipationinpublicprocurementatthegloballevel,exploringdifferencesinparticipationratesbetweendifferenttypesoffirms(e.g.,smallversuslargefirms)andsectors,andthedri

46、versofparticipation.Additionally,itexploitsanewprocurementmodulepilotedinCroatia,Poland,andRomaniain2021. The module was developed jointly by the World Bank Enterprise Survey Unit and Ihe World Bank Governance Global Practice, in particular, by Serena Cocciolo, Domenico Viganola1 and Sushmrta Samadd

47、ar, with inputs from Elena Carmen Calin. Filip Jolevski1 and Nona Karalashvili. The opportunity of piloting this new procurement module in Croatia, Poland, and Romania emerged from the ongoing engagements with government counterparts in the area of public procurement, and the timing of the implement

48、ation of the COVID-19 Enterprise Surveys. In particular, at the time of launching the first round of the COVID-19 Enterprise Surveys in May 2020, the World Bank was working on a public procurement assessment in Croatia, a public procurement assessment in Romania, and the preparation of a public procurement focused RAS in Poland. The data for Croatia was used in the Croatia Country Economic Memorandum 2022 (WOrId Bank. 2023b).Thisdataisusedtodemonstratehowfirm-lev