世界银行-释放印度浮动太阳能光伏的潜力（英）-2023..docx

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1、PZuoaJnsoosQ-qndworldBankgroupSZVIi1lP zOfn4alnsoosQUNLOCKINGTHEPOTENTIALOFFLOATINGSOLARPHOTOVOLTAICSININDIAVolumeimainreport。二q11dworldBankgroupUnlockingthepotentialofFLOATINGSOLARPHOTOVOLTAICSININDIAVOLUME1:MAINREPORTOCTOBER2023DisclaimerThestudyfocusesonFloatingSolarPhotovoltaics(FSPV)basedpowerp

2、lantsoninlandwaterbodiesanddetailsofapplicablestandardsareincludedintheVolume2:GuidanceDocument.ThestudyreflectstheviewoftheWorldBankanddoesnotnecessarilyreflecttheviewoftheGovernmentofIndia(GoI)andthefindingsofthestudyarenotbindingontheGol.FOREWORDbyCountryDirector,IndiaRampinguprenewableenergyisan

3、integralpartoflndia,splanstoreducegreenhousegasemissionstomeetitsNationallyDeterminedContributions(NDC)undertheParisAgreement.Inthiscontext,Indiaistakingrapidstepstoincorporateabundantlyavailableandaffordablerenewableresourcesintoitsenergymix.YetwhileIndiasrenewableenergyresourcesarewidelyavailable,

4、theyoftencannotbefullyutilizedduetoavarietyoffactors,suchasthepaucityoflargetractsofsuitableland,orthehighopportunitycostofland,amongothers.ThisreportbuildsacompellingcaseforIndiatolookbeyondlandandinstituteanecosystemthatsupportstheinstallationandoperationalizationoffloatingsolarphotovoltaics(FSPV)

5、powerplants.Sincetheseplantsareinstalledontheunderutilizedsurfacesoflargewaterbodies,nolandneedstobedivertedfromotheruses.TheinstallationofFSPVsalsospursjobcreationandcatalyzesthedevelopmentofadomesticvaluechainassomeofthecomponents,suchasfloaters,needtobemanufacturedclosetoinstallationsites.Theyals

6、oprovidearangeofotherbenefitsastheygeneraterelativelymorepowerthanground-mountedsolarplants(duetothecoolingeffectofwater)andbetterutilizesharedinfrastructuresuchastransmissionsystems,whereveravailable.Indiahasanestimatedpotentialofabout300gigawattsofFSPVbutlessthan350megawattshasbeenrealizedtodate.T

7、hereportanalysestheconstraintsleadingtothemoderatepaceofFSPVinstallationinthecountryanddrawsfromglobalexperiencetosuggestmeasuresthatcanunlocktheFSPVpotentialinIndiaandotherSouthAsiancountries.Thereportalsoprovidesinsightsonthetechnicalstandardstobeadoptedintheuseoffloatingsolartechnology.Ihopethiss

8、tudycontributestowardsdeepeningtheunderstandingofpolicymakersanddevelopersandfacilitatesthedeploymentoffloatingsolarpowerplants,contributingtotheachievementofIndiasNDCobjectives,promotingenergyindependenceandcreatingjobsforthepeople.AugusteTanoKouameCountryDirector,IndiaTheWorldBankACKNOWLEDGEMENTST

9、hisreportisananalyticalstudyof44UnIockingthePotentialofFloatingSolarPhotovoltaicsinIndia”byaWorldBankteamledbySurbhiGoyal(SeniorEnergySpecialist)andcomprisedofSatakiBhattacharya(EnergyConsultant)andVivekJha(EnergyConsultant)withlogisticalsupportprovidedbyNeetuSharda(ProgramAssociate).Theteamacknowle

10、dgesthevaluableinsightsandcommentsofpeerreviewersfromtheWorldBank:JariVayrynen(SeniorEnergySpecialist)andZuzanaDobrotkova(SeniorEnergySpecialist),andfromInternationalFinanceCorporation:IbanVendrellArmengol(SeniorIndustrySpecialist).Theirinputsandadvicehaveenrichedthisreport.TheteamisalsogratefultoMi

11、nistryofPowerandMinistryofNewandRenewableEnergyfortheirinvaluablecommentsonthereport.TheWorldBankteamgreatlyvaluestheinsightsprovidedbyCecileFruman(Director,SouthAsiaRegionalIntegrityandEngagement).Theteamappreciatesthestrategicguidance,adviceandsupportprovidedbyDemetriosPapathanasiou(GlobalDirector

12、Energy&Extractives)andSimonJ.Stolp(PracticeManager-SouthAsiaEnergyandExtractives).AconsortiumofDNVGLandErnst&YoungundertookrequiredassessmentsandmarketstudiesonFloatingSolarprojectsinIndia.TheDNVteamcomprisedofAlokKumar,SilpaBabu,JayachandranKasi,GijoGeorge,AseemDhingra,AlexArgyros,ModiniYantrapatia

13、ndBalasubramoniamSivasubramaniam.TheErnst&YoungteamcomprisedofAshishKulkarni,ShreyasGaur,KJCVinodKumar,MalayNigam,VishalSrivastavaandSusmitDatta.WewishtoacknowledgethefinancialandtechnicalsupportprovidedbySouthAsiaWaterInitiative(SAWI) The South Asia Water Initiative (SAWI) was a multi-donor Trust F

14、und supported by the UK, Australia and Norway and managed by the World Bank. SAWI supported a rich portfolio of activities designed to increase regional cooperation in the management of the major Himalayan river systems in South Asia to deliver sustainable, fair and inclusive development and climate

15、 resilience. It did this through four complementary outcome areas: strengthening awareness and knowledge on regional water issues; enhancing technical and policy capacity across the region; dialogue and participatory decision processes to build trust and confidence; and scoping and informing investm

16、ent designs. Its work, structured across three river basins (Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra) and the Sundarbans Landscape, spanned seven countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Nepal and Pakistan.andtheinsightsfromJanetMinatelli(SeniorOperationsOfficer),HallaMaherQadummi(SeniorWater

17、Economist)andSarwatBatool(SeniorExecutiveAssistant).ThereportalsobenefittedfromtheinputsprovidedbytheExternalAffairSandCommunicationsteamledbySonaThakur(SeniorExternalAffairSOfficer),VinitaRanade(Consultant)andNitikaManSinghMehta(Consultant).TableofcontentsAbbreviationsixExecutiveSummaryxiii1. .Intr

18、oduction12. MappingoftheValueChainandIdentificationofBarriers72.1. ValueChainMapping92.2. ValueChainAssessment152.3. Recommendations383. BenchmarkingtheFSPVEcosysteminIndiaAgainstInternationalPractices473.1. Approach&Methodology513.2. Benchmarking523.3. KeyObservationsfromOtherCountries693.4. KeyTak

19、eaways,ObservationsfromGlobalPracticesandAssociatedRisksofFSPV703.5. AssociatedRisksandMitigationStrategiesforIndia774. ReviewofTechnicalStandardsandTenders814.1. Manufacturing844.2. EquipmentandTechnicalSpecifications864.3. Design874.4. Testing884.5. MeteorologicalMeasurements894.6. MaterialStorage

20、atSite904.7. OtherRequirements905. RegionalCo-operationandStatusofFSPVinSouthAsianCountries915.1. Countries935.2. LessonsLearned1005.3. DeploymentModel1015.4. KnowIedgeTransferIOIAppendixAppendix A: DetailsofStakeholders107Appendix B: MethodologyforShortlistingoftheCountriesforBenchmarkingStudyI16Ap

21、pendix C: FloatingSolarPlantsinJapan,NetherlandsandVietnamI19Appendix D: FloatingSolarPlantsinIndia120ListofPolicies,PermitsandApprovals1221.istofFiguresFigure 1.1: Globalinstalledcapacityoffloatingsolar3Figure 1.2: Country-wiseFSPVinstalledcapacities4Figure 2.1: ValuechainofFSPVprojects9Figure 2.2:

22、 Keystakeholdersinthevaluechain14Figure 2.3: Marketreadinessofvaluechain-assessmentelements15Figure 2.4: Resultofassessment38Figure 3.1: MechanismofpowerprocurementbyelectricityretailersinJapan53Figure 3.2: FiTmechanisminJapan54Figure 3.3: FrameworkforREprojectauctionsinJapan55Figure 3.4: Greenbondf

23、inancedFSPVplantinJapan56Figure 3.5: Kyocera,s13.7MWFSPVplantonadamreservoir57Figure 3.6: FSPVplantlocatedonanirrigationpondinJapan58Figure 3.7: SustainablebankfinancedFSPVprojectinNetherlands63Figure 3.8: Partnershipbetweenadeveloperandaresearchinstitute64Figure 3.9: EvolutionofFiTprograminVietnam6

24、6Figure 3.10: IFI(ADB)financedFSPVplantinVietnam67Figure 3.11: I:FSPVprojectinvolvingcollaborationbetweenprivateorganisationsandgovernmentinVietnam68Figure 3.12: TrendofFiTratesinJapan73Figure 4.1: FSPVSystemComponents83PointsofattentioninanFSPVsystem841.istOfTabIesTable 2.1: Table1.1:ScenariosforUp

25、scalingofFSPV5Table 2.2: 1.istofmajorequipmentapplicableforthedifferentvaluechainphases9Table 2.3: ServicesapplicableforthedifferentvaluechainphasesIITable 2.4: Skillsetsapplicableforthedifferentvaluechainphases12Table 2.5: StakeholdersdirectlyinvolvedintheFSPVvaluechain14Table 2.6: Stakeholdersfrom

26、relevantparallelsectors15Table 2.7: Marketreadinessofvaluechain16Table 2.8: Definitionofriskparameters18Table 2.9: Annualmanufacturingcapacity(2023)offloatsinIndia24Table 2.10: ImpactofBarriersontheRiskParameters29Table 2.11: Summaryofrecommendations39Table 2.12: I:FixedassumptionsforLCOEcalculation

27、s44Table 2.13: VariableassumptionsforLCOEcalculations45Table 3.1: SummaryofBusinessModelsinInitialProjects50Table 3.2: FiTperkWhforsolarprojectsinJapan55Table 3.3: ComponentmanufacturersorsuppliersinJapan59Table 3.4: ComponentmanufacturersorsuppliersinVietnam68Table 3.5: FiTratesinTaiwanforsolarsyst

28、ems70Table 3.6: Summaryofobservationsinkeyareas71Table 3.7: TargetsforREinthethreeshortlistedcountries71Table 3.8: Keyobservationsonbusinessmodels76Table 4.1: RisksandmitigationstrategiesforIndia78Table 4.2: 1.imitationsofexistingstandardsandtechnicalrequirementsoftenders85Table 4.3: Referencestanda

29、rdsintendersformajorequipmentinFSPVplant85Table 4.4: Dataavailablefromtenderanddatatobecollectedbybidder87Table5.1:TotalelectricityinstalledcapacityinSriLankaasof202193Table5.2:TotalelectricityinstalledcapacityinBangladeshasofJan202395Table5.3:TotalelectricityinstalledcapacityinPakistanasofJune20229

30、6Table 4.5: KeydriversforfloatingsolarinSouthAsiancountries100ABBREVIATIONSACAlternatingCurrentADBAsianDevelopmentBankAsiaEDGEAsiaEnhancingDevelopmentandGrowththroughEnergyASTMASTMInternationalBHELBharatHeavyElectricalsLimitedBISBureauofIndianStandardsBoSBalanceofSystemCAPEXCapitalExpenditureCEACent

31、ralElectricityAuthorityCEBCeylonElectricityBoardC日GChiefElectricalInspectortoGovernmentCERCCentralElectricityRegulatoryCommissionCODCommercialOperationDateZChemicaIOxygenDemandCPPIBCanadaPensionPlanInvestmentBoardCTUCentralTransmissionUtilityCUFCapacityUtilizationFactorCWCCentralWaterCommissionDCDir

32、ectCurrentDHDDaMiHydropowerJointStockCompanyDISCOMsDistributionCompaniesDNVDetNorskeVeritasDPPADirectPowerPurchaseAgreementDVCDamodarValleyCorporationEGATElectricityGeneratingAuthorityofThailandEPCEngineering,procurement,andconstructionE&SEnvironmentandSocialESCAPEconomicandSocialCommissionforAsiaan

33、dthePacificESIAEnvironmentalandSocialImpactAssessmentESMFEnvironmentandSocialManagementFrameworkESSEnvironmentalandSocialStandardsEVNVietnamElectricityFATFactoryAcceptanceTestFlFinancialIntermediariesFiPFeedinPremiumFiTFeedinTariffFoSFactorofSafetyFSPVFloatingSolarPhotovoltaicsFYFinancialYearGDPGros

34、sDomesticProductGHGGreenhouseGasesGISGeographicInformationSystemGolGovernmentofIndiaGPSGlobalPositioningSystemGVMCGreaterVisakhapatnamMunicipalCorporationGWGigaWattHDPEHighDensityPolyethyleneHPPHydropowerplantsHSEHealth,SafetyandEnvironmentIBAImportantBirdAreasICMBAImportantCoastalandMarineBiodivers

35、ityAreasIECInternationalElectrotechnicalCommissionIFIInternationalFinancialInstitutionIITIndianInstituteofTechnologyIPIngressProtectionIPPIndependentPowerProducerIREDAIndianRenewableEnergyDevelopmentAgencyLimitedIRENAInternationalRenewableEnergyAgencyISAInternationalSolarAllianceIUCNInternationalUni

36、onforConservationofNatureIVNInstituteforNatureEducationandSustainabilityJRlJapanResearchInstituteKSEBKeralaStateElectricityBoardLCOELevelizedcostofenergyLNGLiquefiedNaturalGasMETIMinistryofEconomy,TradeandIndustryMNREMinistryofNewandRenewableEnergyMoEFCCMinistryofEnvironmentForest&ClimateChangeMOITM

37、inistryofIndustryandTradeMoPMinistryofPowerMoUMemorandumofUnderstandingMPWRDMadhyaPradeshWaterResourcesDepartmentNDANon-disclosureagreementNETRANTPCEnergyTechnologyResearchAllianceNGTNationalGreenTribunalNHPCNationalHydroPowerCorporationNISENationalInstituteofSolarEnergyNRELNationalRenewableEnergyLa

38、boratoryNSMNationalSolarMissionO&MOperation&MaintenanceOMPLONGCMangalorePetrochemicalsLimitedONGCOilandNaturalGasCorporationOPEXOperatingExpensePGCILPowerGridCorporationofIndiaLimitedPHpowerofHydrogenPPAPowerPurchaseAgreementPPEPersonalProtectiveEquipmentPMCProjectManagementConsultancyPSAPowerSaleAg

39、reementPVPhotovoltaicQA/QCQualityAssuranceZQuaIityControlQAPQualityAssurancePlanR&DResearch&DevelopmentRERenewableEnergyRESCORenewableEnergyServiceCompanyRGCCPPRajivGandhiCombinedCyclePowerPlantRoWRightofWayRUMSLRewaUltraMegaSolarLimitedSAARCSouthAsianAssociationforRegionalCooperationSAREHSouthAsiaR

40、egionalEnergyHubSBIStateBankofIndiaSCADASupervisoryControlandDataAcquisitionSCGSiamCementGroupSDE+StimulationofSustainableEnergyProductionandClimateTransitionSEACSolarEnergyApplicationCentreSEBStateElectricityBoardSECISolarEnergyCorporationofIndiaLimitedSERCStateElectricityRegulatoryCommissionSOPSta

41、ndardOperatingProcedureSTUStateTransmissionUtilityTERITheEnergyandResourcesInstituteTPPThermalPowerPlantTWTeraWattUSAIDUnitedStatesAgencyforInternationalDevelopmentUVUltravioletVGFViabilityGapFundingWAPDAWater&PowerDevelopmentAuthorityWB/WBGWorldBank/WorldBankGroupEXECUTIVESUMMARYDevelopingcountries

42、,inordertoavoidtheworstconsequencesofachangingclimateareidentifying,assessing,anddeployingrenewableenergysolutionsatscalethatcanfacilitateinfulfillingtheirclimateanddevelopmentobjectives.Thisistransformativeforcountriesthataredependentoncostlyenergyimportsandareexposedtobothpricevolatilityandenergys

43、ecurityriskifthefuelsupplyispartiallyorfullydisrupted These fuel supply disruptions could be caused by regional conflicts, geopolitical tensions or the financial situation of local utilities - all of which undermine economic growth and development objectives.Withinthisframeofreference,thedevelopinge

44、conomiesareincorporatingavailable,reliableandaffordableresourcestopowertheireconomicactivitiesandmeettheirnationaldevelopmentobjectives For example, Indias envision to achieve net zero by 2070. The net zero commitment is buttressed by enterprising but ambitious near-term targets such as 500 GW of re

45、newables capacity. 50 percent of requirements to be met with renewables, one billion tonne reduction in cumulative emissions and 45 percent lower emissions intensity of gross domestic product (GDP) by 2030.Althoughrenewableenergyresourcesarewidelyavailableinmanydevelopingcountries,theyoftencannotbef

46、ullydevelopedandutilizedduetoavarietyoffactorsthatinclude,amongstothers,availabilityofsuitablelandparcels(largetractswithlittleornoundulations)forestablishingutilityscalesolarplantswhichhavelargespatialfootprints,alternateusesofavailablelandthatmayleadtounwarrantedland-energyconflicts,or,absenceoftechnicalknow-howandvaluechains.Theseimpedimentstoestablishinglargescalerenewableenergyprojects,thoughsignificant.makethemostcompellingcasefordevelopingcountriestowardsinstitutinganecosystemthatsupportstheinstallationandoperationalizationoffloatingsolarphotovoltaic(PV)plants(FSPV).AnF