工程光学英文题加中文题含问题详解.doc
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1、wordEnglish Homework for Chapter 11.In ancient times the rectilinear propagation of light was used to measure the height of objects by paring the length of their shadows with the length of the shadow of an object of known length. A staff 2m long when held erect casts a shadow 3.4m long, while a buil
2、dings shadow is 170m long. How tall is the building?Solution. According to the law of rectilinear propagation, we get, x=100 (m)So the building is 100m tall.2.Light from a water medium with n=1.33 is incident upon a water-glass interface at an angle of 45o. The glass index is 1.50. What angle does t
3、he light make with the normal in the glass?Solution. According to the law of refraction, We get,water45oIo with the normal in the glass.3. A goldfish swims 10cm from the side of a spherical bowl of water of radius 20cm. Where does the fish appear to be? Does it appear larger or smaller?Solution. Acc
4、ording to the equation.andn=1 , n=1.33, r=-20Awe can get So the fish appears larger.R2=-20cmR1=20cmA-10cm4.An object is located 2cm to the left of convex end of a glass rod which has a radius of curvature of 1cm. The index of refraction of the glass is n=1.5. Find the image distance.Solution. Refer
5、to the figure. According to the equation and n=1, n=1.5, l1=-2cm, r1=1cm , we get r1=1cmAA-l1=2cml2English Homework for Chapter 21.An object 1cm high is 30cm in front of a thin lens with a focal length of 10cm. Where is the image? Verify your answer by graphical construction of the image.-l=30cmf=10
6、cmy=1cmSolution. According to the Gausss equation, and l=-30cm f=10 cm.we get Others are omitted.2.A lens is known to have a focal length of 30cm in air. An object is placed 50cm to the left of the lens. Locate the image and characterize it.-l=50cmf=30cmSolution. According to Gausss equation, and f=
7、30cm l=-50cmwe get The image is a real, larger one.3.The object is transparent cube, 4mm across, placed 60cm in front of 20cm focal length. Calculate the transverse and axial magnification and describe what the image looks like?Solution. From Gausss equation, we find for the rear surface of the cube
8、 (the face closer to the lens) that, For the front surface (the face farther away from the lens),The transverse magnification for the rear surface is But the axial magnification is Since ,the cube doesnt look like a cube.4.A biconvex lens is made out of glass of n=1.52. If one surface has twice the
9、radius of curvature of the other, and if the focal length is 5cm, what are the two radii?Solution. Supposing r1= -2r2 (2=-21),according to the lens equation r1-r2 we get, r1=7.8(cm) r2=-3.9(cm)返回English Homework for Chapter 41. A stop 8mm in diameter is placed halfway between an extended object and
10、a large-diameter lens of 9cm focal length. The lens projects an image of the object onto a screen 14cm away. What is the diameter of the exit pupil?l-lImageLensStopObjectSolution. Refer to the figure. First, from the known focal length and the image distance, we find the object distance. and l=14 f=
11、9 l=-25.2(cm)The stop is one-half that distance is front of the lens, so ls=12.6(cm)ls=31.5(cm)2. Two lenses, a lens of 12.5cm focal length and a minus lens of unknown power, are mounted coaxially and 8 cm apart. The system is a focal, that is light entering the system parallel at one side emerges p
12、arallel at the other. If a stop 15mm in diameter is placed halfway between the lenses:1) Where is the entrance pupil?2) Where is the exit pupil?3) What are their diameters? F1(F2)-l2L1Stopf8cmSolution. Refer to the figure. For the system to be a focal, the focal points of the two lenses must coincid
13、e. Since f1=12.5cm, and the two lenses are 8cm apart, so f2=-4.5cm. The entrance pupil is the image of stop formed by the first lens. According to Gausss equation, and l1=4cm, f1=12.5cm. We get The exit pupils location is返回English Homework for Chapter 71. A person wants to look at the image of his o
14、r her own eyes, without acmodation, using a concave mirror of 60cm radius of curvature. How far must the mirror be from the eye if the person has1) Normal vision?2) 4diopter myopia, without correction?3) 4diopter hyperopia, without correction?Solution.1) When the person has normal vision, according
15、to the following scheme 1, we get l=lScheme 1so, 2) According to the following scheme 2, and llScheme 225, or So the mirror must be 75cm or 10cm from the eye.llScheme 3253) According to the following scheme 3, and , or (Since the object is real, so we can give up this answer)So the mirror must be 50
16、cm from the eye.2. Discussion: What differences between the following situations: 1) a microscope is used for projection;2) the microscope is used for visual observation.返回工程光学上期末考试试卷一问答题:共12分,每题3分1摄影物镜的三个重要参数是什么?它们分别决定系统的什么性质?2为了保证测量精度,测量仪器一般采用什么光路?为什么?3显微物镜、望远物镜、照相物镜各应校正什么像差?为什么?4评价像质的方法主要有哪几种?各有什
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