美国名人 抽象派画家 杰克逊·波洛克.docx

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1、美国名人画家杰克逊波洛克JacksonPollock,1912-1956:HeInventedaNewKindofPaintingplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:32repeatByDanaDemange2010-2-20FAITH1.APIDUS:mFaith1.apidus.BOBDOUGHTY:AndmBobDoughtywithPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.Today,wetellaboutthefamousartistJacksonPollockwhohelpedredefinemodernartintheUnit

2、edStates.Pollockinventedanewkindofpaintingthatchangedthewaytheworldlookedatart.(MUSIC)FAITH1.APIDUS:JacksonPollockUntilthetwentiethcenturyzmostpaintingswererepresentational.Thismeansthatartistsrepresentedtheirsubjectsinawaythatwasrealisticandrecognizable.However;duringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentu

3、ry,artistslikeJacksonPollockstartedtoexploreothermethodsofrepresentation.Whenhefirstbeganpainting,JacksonPollockpaintedrepresentationalobjectssuchaspeopleandanimals.However,heisfamousforhelpingtocreateawholenewartmovementcalledAbstractExpressionism.Anabstractimageisonewherethesubjectisnotrepresented

4、realistically.Instead,theartistusescolorandshapestosuggestthemostgeneralqualitiesofthesubject.Expressionismisakindofartthatexpressesfeelingsandthoughts.AbstractExpressionismisartthatshowsemotionsandideasthroughnon-representationalforms.BOBDOUGHTY:InPollocksmostfamousworks,thereisnorecognizablesubjec

5、t.Hisartworksarelargesurfacesofcanvascompletelycoveredindifferentcolorsofpaint.However,Pollockdidnotstartoutasarevolutionarypainter.Hedevelopedtheartisticprocesshebecamefamousforovermanyyears.(MUSIC)FAITH1.APIDUS:JacksonPollockwasborninCody,Wyominginnineteentwelve.HegrewupinthestatesofArizonaandCali

6、fornia.Pollocklatersaidthatthewide-openlandofthesewesternareasgreatlyinfluencedhisexpansiveartwork.InnineteenthirtyhemovedeasttoNewYorkCitywherehestudiedattheArtStudents1.eague.There,PollockspentafewyearsstudyingwiththeartistThomasHartBentonwhopaintedimagesofeverydayAmericanlife.Pollocksearlyworksar

7、esimilartohisteacherskindofpainting.However,Pollockslowlyleftthistraditionalarteducationbehind.BOBDOUGHTY:Pollocksworkhadmanyotherinfluences.Forexample,helikedagroupofMexicanpainterswhomademurals.Muralsarelargeimagesthattheartistspaintdirectlyontoawall.SomeofthesepainterswereworkinginNewYorkCityinth

8、enineteenthirties,soPollockwasabletoseethemwork.Pollockborrowedseveralmethodsandideasfromtheseartists.Theyincludedtheuseoflargecanvases,themethodoffreelyapplyingpaintandhonoringoldandnewtraditions.FAITH1.APIDUS:PollockwasalsoinfluencedbytheSpanishartistMiro.Mirowaspartofamovementofsurrealistpainters

9、.Surrealistartiststhoughtthattrueartcomesfromapartofthemindcalledtheunconscious.Theunconsciouscontrolstheareaofthemindthatproducesdreams.Pollockagreedwiththeseartiststhattheunconsciousmindwasanimportantforceincreatingart.Also,whenhewasinhislatetwenties,Pollocksufferedamentalbreakdown.Itwascausedinpa

10、rtbydepressionanddependenceonalcohol.Asaresult,hewastreatedbyaJungianpsychoanalyst.Thisisaspecialkindofexpertinemotionalhealthwhoworkstounderstandtheunconsciousmind,dreams,andemotions.Pollockwasinfluencedbythiskindofinvestigationofhumanrelationsandemotions.Thisinsideworldwouldbecomethesubjectofhispa

11、intings.BOBDOUGHTY:YellowzGrey,BlackInnineteenforty-four;Pollockmarried1.eeKrasnerwhowasalsoaskilledAbstractExpressionistpainter.ThenextyeartheymovedtoEastHampton,asmalltownon1.ongIslandinthestateofNewYork.ThecouplewantedtogetawayfromthebusylifeofNewYorkCity.Inthiscountryenvironmenttheycouldenjoynat

12、ureandhavemoretimetoworkontheirart.NexttotheirhousePollocksetupastudiobuildingwherehecouldcreatehisartwork.InthislargestudioPollockcreatedthepaintingsthatwouldmakehimfamous.(MUSIC)FAITH1.APIDUS:DuringtheseyearsJacksonPollockstartedtopaintinacompletelynewway.Hecreatedartthatwasveryphysical.Infact,his

13、methodissometimescalledactionpainting.Mostartistspaintedonasurfacethatstooduprightorvertical.ButPollockputhislargecanvasesonthefloorsothathecouldmovearoundallfoursidesofhiswork.Healsousedveryliquidpaintssothathecouldeasilydropthepaintontohiscanvases.Thisdrippingmethodallowedhimtomakeenergeticworks.H

14、ispaintingsareexplosionsofcurvinglines,shapesandcolors.Inhisartyoucanseeeverymovementthathisarmmade.Youcanseehowhehadtomovehisbodyaroundthecanvas.VideosofPollockpaintingshowthisprocess,whichlookslikeapainterlydance.BOBDOUGHTY:Unlikeotherartists,JacksonPollockdidnotplanthewayhewantedhispaintingstoloo

15、k.Manyartistsplantheirworksbymakingsmalldrawingsbeforepainting.Pollockdevelopedwhathecalledadirectmethod/applyingthepaintdirectlyontoanemptycanvas.Hepaintedbyfollowinghisimmediatethoughtsandemotions.Pollockcombinedcarefulmovementwithexactcolorandline.Thoughhispaintingsappearaccidental,theyrequiredca

16、refulcontrol.HereisarecordingofPollockdescribinghiswayofpainting.ItwastakenfromamovietheBritishBroadcastingCorporationmadeabouttheartistinnineteenninety-nine.JACKSONPO1.1.OCK:SometimesIuseabrushbutoftenpreferusingastick.SometimesIpourthepaintstraightoutofthecan.Iliketouseadripping,fluidpaint.Amethod

17、ofpaintingisanaturalgrowthoutofaneed.Iwanttoexpressmyfeelingsratherthanillustratethem.FAITH1.APIDUS:AsPollocksaid,hewantedtocreateartthatwasavisualrepresentationofthemotionandenergyofhisinsideworld.Hewasonceaskedwhyhedidnotpaintpicturesofobjectspeoplecouldidentify.Heansweredthatifyouwantedtoseeaflow

18、er,youcouldgolookatarealone.Hesaidthatwhatinterestedhimwasnotoutsideobjects.Pollocksworkswerebothpraisedandcriticized.Hispaintingswereinseveralshowsingalleriesinthemiddlenineteenforties.However;Pollockdidnotproducehisfullyabstractdrip,paintingsuntillater.Innineteen-fiftyzthepublicsawtheseworksatBett

19、yParsonsGalleryinNewYork.SomeartcriticssaidthiswasoneofthebestshowsoftheyearandthatPollockwasoneofthegreatestpaintersinAmerica.Othersdidnotunderstandhiswork.OnecriticsaidthatPollocksartshowedchaos-completedisorderwithoutanymethod.BOBDOUGHTY:1.avenderMistnbyPollockToday,Pollocksworkssellformillionsof

20、dollars.Butonlyonepaintingsoldatthisshow.Itwasafamousworkcalled1.avenderMist.ThispaintingnowhangsintheNationalGalleryofArtinWashington,D.C,1.avenderMistrepresentsperfectlywhatwassointerestingaboutPollockswork.Thecanvasismorethantwometerstallandalmostthreemeterslong.Theentiresurfaceiscoveredinsmallri

21、versofwhite,black,greyzyellow,brownandpinkpaint.Thesecolorsandlinescreateapaintingthatisfullofvisualenergy.FAITH1.APIDUS:Interestingly,thereisnolavender,orlightpurple,colorpaintinthiswork.OneofPollocksfriendssuggestedthenamebecausethemanyothercolorsofpaintcreatedanatmosphericeffectthatlookedlikelave

22、ndermist.Usually,Pollockwouldsimplynamehispaintingswithanumberandadate.Hedidnotwantthetitlestoexplaintoviewerswhattoseewhentheylookedathiswork.Withpaintingslike1.avenderMistJacksonPollockhelpedintroducetheworldtoawholenewwayofpaintingandthinkingaboutart.Buthedidnotliveverylong.Hediedinacaraccidentin

23、nineteenfifty-sixattheageofforty-four.(MUSIC)BOBDOUGHTY:ThehomeinEastHampton,NewYorkwhereJacksonPollocklivedwithhiswife1.eeKrasnerisnowamuseum.Atthisspecialplaceyoucanseetheroomswheretheseartistslived.Mostimportantly,youcanseethestudiowherePollockandKrasnercreatedtheirwork.Onthefloorofthestudioisthe

24、evidenceofyearsandyearsofPollocksthrownpaint.ThefloorlooksjustlikeoneofPollockspaintings.Expertssaythismuseumisaculturaltreasure.ItistheplacewhereJacksonPollockhelpedintroducetheworldtoAbstractExpressionism.PollockhelpedbreakthetraditionalrulesofrepresentationandestablishedAmericaasanimportantcenterformodernart.FAITH1.APIDUS:ThisprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyDanaDemange.mFaith1.apidus.BOBDOUGHTY:AndmBobDoughty.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOP1.EINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.