人民大2024战略管理（第13版）教师手册 David_13e_im_10.docx

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1、CHAPTER10BUSINESSETHICS,SOCIA1.RESPONSIBI1.ITY,ENVIRONMENTA1.SUSTAINABI1.ITYCHzXMEROUT1.INE BusinessEthics SocialResponsibility EnvironnwntalSustainabilityCHAPTEROBJECTIVESAfterstudyingthischapter,youshouldbeableIodOthefollowing:1. ExplainwhygoodCIhiCSisgxlbusinessinstrategic11unage11:nl.2. Explainh

2、owfl11nscanbestensureIhaltheircenl.6. ExplainISO14(XX)ai)d14(X)1.CHAPTEROVERVIEWAlthoughbusinessethics,socialresponsibility,andsustainabilityan?distincttopics.IhUyarequite!vlated.SocialrespoiisibilityreferstoactionsanorganizationtakesbeyondwhatislegallyrequiredoPnMeCtorenhancethewell-beingoflivingth

3、ings.SustainabilityreferstotheextentthatanOQjanizatioifsoperationsandactionsprotect,mend,andpresen,eratherIhanha11nordestroythenaturalenvironment.Businessethics,socialresponsibility,andsustainabilityissuesan?inteiwlaiedandinaclallareasOftheCOmPrehUnSiVestrategicInanagelnentInode1.asillustratedinFigu

4、re10.1.DoingGreatinaWeakEconomy-DisneyWhenmostfirmswerestrugglingin2(X)8.WallDisneyincreaseditsrevenuesfrom$35billionin2(X)7to$37billionin2(X)8withnetincomeof$4.4billion.Fortunemagazinein2009ratedWaltDisneyitsI3,h,MostAdmiredCompanyintheWorkrintermsofmanagementandperformance.InMarch2009.Disneypublis

5、hedanelaboratecorporatesocialresponsibiIity/businessechicssus(ainabilityreportthatcanbefoundonlineathttpcrreporthome.html.WaltDisneyiscuttingcarbonemissionsfromfuelsbyhalfby2012,andultimatelywillemitzerogreenhousegasemissionsatitsofficeandretailcomplexes,themeparks,andcruiselines.Disney*slong-termgo

6、alistocuttozerotheamountofwasteitsendstolandfills.EXTENDEDCHAPTEROUT1.INEWITHTEACHINGTIPS1. BUSINESSETHICSA. BusinessEthics1. Goodethicsisgoodbusiness.Badethicscanderaileventhebeststrategicplans.2. Businessethicscanbedefinedasprinciplesofconductwithinorganizationsthatguidedecisionmakingandbehavior.3

7、. ArisingtideofconsciousnessabouttheimportanceofbusinessethicsissweepingtheU.S.andtherestoftheworld.4. NeWSPaperandbusinessmagazinesdailyreportlegalandmoralbreachesofehicalconductbybothpublicandprivateorganizations.Beingunethicalcanbeveryexensive.5. Businessactionsconsidered(obeunethicalincludefraud

8、,misleadingadvertisingorlabeling,causingenvironmentalharm,poorproductorSerViCesafety,paddingexpenseaccounts,insidertrading,dumpingbandedorflawedproductsinforeignmarkets,notprovidingequalopportunitiesforwomenandminorities,overpricing,n)vingjobsoverseas,andsexualharassment.B. CodeofBusinessEthics1. An

9、ewwaveofethicsissuesinbusinesshasaccentuatedtheneedforstrategiststodevelopaclearcodeofbusinessethics.2. Acodeofbusinessethicsisadocu11wntthatprovidesbehavioralguidelinesthatcoverdailyactivitiesanddecisionswithinanorganization.3. Merelyhavingacodeofethicsisnotsufficienttoensureethicalbusinessbehavior

10、.Toensurethatthecodeisread,understood,believed,andremembered,periodicethicsworkshopsarcneededtosensitizepeopletoworkplacecircumstancesinwhichethicsissuesmayarise.VTN(ViSiitheNel):Thewebsiten11r.ethiesweh.ccodesdescribeswhyorganizationsshouldhaveethicsCOdeSandgivesguidelinesfi)rpreparingcodesofethics

11、.TeachingTip:BusinessEthicsmagazinepostsselectedarticlesfromeachbi-monthlyissueonthemagazineswebsiteathttp:WWW.business-.Thesearticlesproviderichinformationforlecturematerial.Italsoliststhetop100CorPoratCcitizensathttp:/Avww.busincss-TeachingTip:Thefollowingarewebsitesthatprovideexamplesofcodesofeth

12、ics. NationalAssociationofRealtors:h(tprwvw.realtor.orgmenolweb.nsfpagecode7oendocument AmericanPsychologicalAssociation:http:/www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx Johnson&Johnson:http:/www.investor.jnj.coin/govemanceyconduct.cfmC. AnEthicsCulture1. Anethicsclurcneedstopermeateorganizations.Manyorgani

13、zationshavedevelopedaCOdC-Of-COndUCtmanualoutliningethicalexpectationsandgivingexamplesofsituationsthatcommonlyariseintheirbusinesses.2. Whistle-blowingreferstopoliciesthatrequireemployeestoreportanyunethicalviolationstheydiscoverorseeinthefirm.TheSECrecentlystrengtheneditswhistle-blowingpolicies,vi

14、rtuallymandatingthatanyoneseeingunethicalactivityreportsuchbehavior.3. Onereasonstrategists*salariesarchighisthattheymusttakethemoralrisksofthefirm.Strategistsarcresponsiblefordeveloping,communicating,andenforcingthecodeofbusinessethicsfortheirorganizations.Anintegralpartoftheresponsibilityofallmana

15、gersistoprovideethicsleadershipbyconstantexampleanddemonstration.4. EihicsIruiningprogramsshouldincludemessagesfromtheCEOorownerofthebusinessemphasizingCIhiCalbusinesspractices,thedevelopmentariddiscussionCfCodeSofethics,andpreduresfordiscusingandreportingunethicalbehavior.D. Bribes1. Briberyistheof

16、fering,giving,receiving,orsolicitingofanyitemofvaluetoinfluence(heactionsofanofficialorotherpersonindischargeofapublicorlegalduly.2. Abribeisagiftbestowedtoinfluencearecipientsconduct.3. PayingbribesisconsideredbothillegalandunethicalintheUnitedStates,butinsomeforeigncountries,payingbribesandkickbac

17、ksisacceptable.Tippingisevenconsideredbriberyinsomecountries.4. TheU.S.JusticeDepartmentin2(X)9increaseditsprosecutionsofallegedactsofforeignbribery.E. 1.oveAffairsatWork1. ArecentWailStreetJournalarticlerecappedcurrentAmericanstandardsregardingboss-sulx)rdina(eloveaffairsatwork:a. Fivepercentofsamp

18、ledfirmshadnorestrictionsonsuchrelationships.b. 8()percentofallfirmssampledhavepoliciesthatprohibitrelationshipsbetweenaSUPerViSorandsubordinate.c. FourpercentoffinnsstrictlyProhibiIedsuchrelationships.d. 39percentoffirmshadpoliciesthatrequiredindividualstoinformIheirSUperViSorSwheneveraromanticrela

19、tionshipbeginswithacoworker.e. 24percentoffirmsrequired(hetwopersonstobeindifferentdepartments.2. InEurope,ronanicrelationshipsatworkarelargelyviewedasprivatemattersandmostfirmshaveno)liciesonhepractice.3. TheUNiscurrentlystrugglingwithsexual-harassnwntcomplaintsasmanywomenemployeessaytheorganizatio

20、ncurrentsystemOfhandlingcomplaintsisarbitrar),.unfair,andmiredinbureaucracy.1. SOCIA1.RESPONSIBI1.ITYA. SocialResponsibility1. SomestrategistsagreewithRalphNader,whoproclaimsthatorganizationshavetremendoussocialobligations.OthersagreewithMiltonFriedman,whoassertsthatorganizationshavenoobligationtodo

21、anyn)reforsocietythanislegallyrequired.2. Strategistsshouldexaminesocialproblemsintermsofpotentialcostsandbenefitstothefirm,andfocusonsocialissuesthatcouldbenefitthefirmmost.TeachingTip:Askstudentstoreviewthetwosidesofthesocialresponsibility,asarguedbyMiltonFricdnxmandRalphNadC.In1970.economistMilto

22、nFricdmanwroteTheSOdalResponsibilityofBusinessistoCreateProfits,whichwaspublishedbytheNewYorkTimesthatyear.Thisarticlecanbefoundathttpwww.mich.cd*thccorcdocFricdman.pdf.InCOntrast,RalphNadcrhasstatedthattherecanbenodailydemocracywithoutdailycitizenshiptowardanewbirthoffreedom*.MoreonNadersactionsins

23、ocialresponsibilitycanbefoundathtwww.nadcr.org/histofy_bollicr.html.B. SocialPolicy1. Socialpolicyconcernswhatresponsibilitiesthefirmhastoemployees,consumers,environmentalists,minorities,communities,shareholders,andothergroups.2. CorporatesocialPOliCyshouldbedesignedadaniculatedduringstrategyfbrnula

24、ion.setandadministeredduringstrategyimplementation,andreaffirmedorchangedduringstrategyevaluation.3. In2(XM).Ihemostadmiredcompaniesforsocialresponsibilityaccording(oFortunemagazinewere:a. Anheuser-Buschb. MarriottInternationalc. IntegrysEnergyGroupd. WallDisneye. HermanMillerf. Edisong. Starbucksh.

25、 Steelcasei. UnionPacificj. FortuneBrands4. Firmsshouldstrivetoengageinsocialactivitiesthathaveeconomicbenefits.C. SocialPoliciesonRetirement2. Somecountriesaroundtheworldarefacingsevereworkforceshortagesassociatedwiththeiragingpopulation.3. Thepercentageofpersonsage65orolderexceeds20percentinJapan.

26、Italy,andGermany-andwillreach20percentin2018inFrance.4. In2036.thepercentageofpersonsage65orolderwillreach20percentintheUnitedStatesandChina.5. Thepercentageofforeignworkerstothetotalpopulationis20percentintheUnitedStates,nearlyIOpercentinGermany.5percentintheUnitedKingdom,andlessthanIpercentinJapan

27、.111. ENVIRONMENTA1.SUSTAINABI1.iTYA. EnvironmentalSustainability1. ThestrategicsofbothcompaniesandcountriesarcincreasinglySCrUliniZCdandevaluatedfromanatu11lenvironmentperspective.AgrowingnumberofbusinessschoolsofferseparatecoursesandevenaConCentrationinCnvironnwntalmanagement.2. AccordingtoIheInte

28、rnationalStandardsOrganization(ISO),thewordenvironmentisdefinedas44Surroundingsinwhichanorganizationoperates,includingair,water,land,naturalresources,flora,fauna,humans,andtheirinterrelation.3. Employees,consumers,governments,andsocietyareespeciallyresentfuloffirmsthatha11nratherthanxtecthenaturalen

29、vironment.GovernmentsareincreasinglyrequiringbusinessestobehaveresponsiblyandrequirethatbusinessespubliclyreportthePOlIlHan1$andwastestheirfacilitiesproduce.B. WhatisaSustainabilityRexr?1. Asustainabilityreportrevealshowthefi11n,soperationsimpactthenaturalenvironment.2. TheGlobalReportingInitiativer

30、ecentlyissuedaseiofdetailedreportingguidelinesSPeCifyingwhatinformationshouldgointosustainabilityreports.Anincreasingnumberofshareholdergroupsarepushingfirmstoprovidesustainabilityinformationannually.3. Managersandemployeesmustbecarefulnottoignore,conceal,ordisregardapollutionproblem,orendmorethanab

31、outS2(X)billiononpollutionabatement.E. ManagingEnvironmental.XffairsintheFirm1. Theecologicalchallengefacingallorganizationsrequiresmanagers(oformulatestrategiesthatpreserveandconservenaturalresourcesandcontrolPOIIIHion.2. Managingasifhealthoftheplanetmattersrequiresanunderstandingofhowinternational

32、trade.Compeiitiveness.andglobalresourcesareconnected.3. Environmentalstrategiescouldincludedevelopingoracquiringgreenbusinesses,divestingoralteringenvironment-damagingbusinesses,strivingtobecomealow-cost11xlucerthroughwasteminimizationandenergyconservation,andpursuingadiITerentiationstrategythroughg

33、reen-productfeatures.4. Inaddition,firmscouldincludeanenvironmentalrepresentativeonheirboardofdirectors,conductregularenvironmentalaudits,implementbonusesforfavorableenvironmentalresults,becomeinvolvedinenvironmentalissuesandprograms,incorporateenvironmentalvaluesinmissionstatements,establishenviron

34、mentallyorientedobjectives,acquireenvironmentalskills,andprovideenvironmentaltrainingforemployeesandmanagers.F. ShouldStudentsReceiveEnvironmentalTraining?1. Arecentstudyreportedthat77percentofcorporaterecruiterssaid“itisimportanttohirestudentswithanawarenessofsocialandenvironmentalresponsibility2.

35、Mostbusinessescurrentlydonot.butshould,incoxrateenvironmentaltraininginallfacetsOfthCircorecurriculum.G. ReasonsWhyFinnsShouldBeGrCCn1. Consumerdemandforenvironmentallysafeproductsandpackagesishigh.2. Publicopiniondemandingthatfirmsconductbusinessinwaysthatpreservethenaturalenvironmentisstrong.3. En

36、vironmentaladvocacygroupsnowhaveover20millionAmericansasmembers.4. FederalandstateenvironmentalregulationsarcchangingrapidlyandbecomingInOrCcomplex.5. Morelendersareexaminingtheenvironmentalliabilitiesofbusinessesseekingloans.6. Manyconsumers,suppliers,distributors,andinvestorsshundoingbusinesswithe

37、nvironmentallyweakfirms.7. 1.iabilitysuitsandfinesagainstfirmshavingenvironmentalPrObIelnSareonherise.BeProactive.NotReactive1. Morefi11nsarebecomingenvironmentallyproactivedoingInOreIhanIhebareminimumtodevelopandimplementstrategiesthatpresen,etheenvironment.2. Aproactivepolicyenvironmentalpressures

38、asopportunitiesandincludessuchactionsasdevelopinggreenPfXxIUCtSandpackages,conservingenergy,reducingwaste,recycling,andcreatingacorporateculturethatisenvi11)nnwntallysensitive.ISO14(X)O14(X)11. TheISO(InternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isbasedinGeneva.Switzerlandandrepresentsanetworkofhenat

39、ionalstandardsinstitutesfor147countries.Itsstandardsarevoluntarybutwidelyacceptedworldwide.2. Aproactivepolicyenvironmentalpressuresasopportunitiesandincludessuchactionsasdevelopinggreenproductsandpackages,consen,ingenergy,reducingwaste,recycling,andcreatingacorporateculturethatisenvironmentallysens

40、itive.3. ISO14000isaseriesofvoluntarystandardsintheenvironmentalfield.Thisfamilyofstandardsaddressestheextenttowhichafirmminimizesharmfuleffectsontheenvironmentcausedbyitsactivitiesandcontinuallymonitorsandimprovesitsownenvironmentalperformance.4. IncludedintheISO14000seriesarctheISO14001standardsin

41、fieldssuchasenvironmentalauditing,environmentalperformanceevaluation.Cnvironnwntallabeling,andlife-eyeIcassessment.5. ISO14001isasc(ofstandardsadoptedbythousandsoffirmsworldwidetocertifytotheirconstituenciesthattheyarcconductingbusinessinanenvironmentallyfriendlymanner.6. TheISO14001Standardrequires

42、thatacommunityororganizationputinplaceandimplementaseriesofp11cticcsandproceduresthat,whentakentogether,resultinanenvironmentalmanagementsystem(EMS).7. ThemajorrequirementsofanEMSunderISO14001includethefollowing:a. Showcommitmentstopreventionofpollution,continualimprovementinoverallenvironmentalperf

43、ormance,andcompliancewithallapplicableJUatutoryandregulatoryrequirements.b. IdentifyallaspectsofheOrganizatioifsactivities,products,andservicestlatcouldhaveasignificantimpactontheenvironment.c. Set)erfornanceobjectivesandtargetsforthemanagementsystemthatlinktopollutionprevention,continualimprovenwnt

44、.andcompliance.d. MeetenvironnenialOlyectivesthatincludetrainingemployees,establishingworkinsrucionsandpractices,andestablishing(heactualmetricsbywhichheobjectivesandtargetswillbemeasured.e. ConductanauditoperationoftheEMSf. TakecorrectiveactionswhendeviationsfromtheEMSoccur.VTN(VisittheNet)：l11mv.iso.org/iso/iso_l4()00_esxentialspmvideslckg11nudinfornuiliononISO14(XX)andISO14001forenvironmentalmanagementSt