专题08 主旨大意题（阅读理解题型通关）（原卷版）.docx

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1、错F专题08主旨大意题通关练1 .主旨大意题解题策略2 .名校优选专项通关练r解题策略】主旨大意趣是要求考生在阅读和理解全文的场础上对文以进行归纳、概括或评价。解答此类邈型时,不靠只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如关于又Ie和mainidea类JS都需要在阅读全文的基础上，结合文化背景知识、谙才知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断.从而发现文中隐含的信息.从分应形式看:常见的Jj标四类和上R大建类.标A1.类解策略特点,1 .II1:充分引发读者的阅读欲耍。2 .概括件:准确而又简短.3 .计对性，标题外延与文章内容刚好相符。方法：1 .中心句法:利用主题中心句中的主遨词作标应.2 .整介工：将

2、文章的写作对象和其主要特点意义或影响整合后作标牌文章大意类解题策略特点：不同体裁文章主四句的常见位也不同，共作用各不相同.位置：1 .必以（新付报道、说明文、议论文）。起到开宗明义，点明主趣，使读者一开始就明臼文念的内容及主旨。2 .包,（记叙文、议论文.起到照应开头、总结全文、升华主遨的作用”在最后对全文进行概括和总结,进一步明确文章的中心刖想,使作者的观点表达得更清楚.3 .各段主题句整合即文章大意，借助各个段落的主题句，然后对其进行概括和归纳，从而概括出文章的主题或中心思想”.4 .而一训:当文章或段落中没有明确的主跑句时.可以从段落中寻找反复出现的高颇词，即中心词，也能提炼出文章的主旨

3、大急。5 .线室：记叙文类文堂都有一个主战，如，一个彳i趣的人或一件难忘的，等。全文第烧该主规组织材料,分析文欧的结构，把握文章的主线，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系,即可归纳出文章的主旨大意。正确逸项帆Ei性强.攫盖全文或全段.2 .范围不大也不小.3 .精确性强，不改变语言的色彩和表达的程度。.过于笼统范围过大.2 .以偏概全.主次不分。3 .偷换概念，张冠李戴。4 .无中生有,主观腌断.【名校优选专项通关修】1.(2024浙江杭州学军中学校考模拟8|常)Te1.evisionhastransformedPoIiIiCSintheUnitedStatesbychangingthewayin

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9、ringresearchasawaytos1.owtheriseofg1.oba1.temperatures.Accordingto(hereport,theUSgovernmentbe1.ievesthatthetechno1.ogy*thepossibi1.ityofcoo1.ingthep1.anetsignificant1.yinafewyears*.However,fo1.1.owingthereport,anopenIeKerbymore(han60scientistsca1.1.edforcau1.ionzndmoreresearchfirst.Kris1.enRasmussen

10、,ac1.ima1.escientistatCo1.oradoSta1.eUniversi1.y.US.hasbeenstudyinghowdesesun-b1.ockingJneIh(X1$wi1.1.affectrainfa1.1.a(ems.Shesaidthatapartfromrainfa1.1.,ecosystemsandevenhumancommunitieswou1.da1.sobeaf1.eetcd.oWcneedtobeverycautiousonthis/Rasmussento1.dScientificAmerican.Whichisthemostsuitab1.etit

11、1.eforthetext?.Coo1.ingOurP1.anetB.EraofG1.oba1.Boi1.ingC.PumpingB1.ockingPartic1.esD.TheTechniqueofC1.oudBrightening3. (2O23江苏无高三无市第一中学校考),Twe1.veyearsago,Iwasaprofessiona1.dancerandb1.ackbe1.tintaekwondo(跆拳道)whenadiseasewentundiagnosedandwiped(MI1.nymuscu1.arsystem.Ifina1.1.yendedupon1.ifesupporti

12、nintensivecarewithorganfai1.ure?,Kaufmanreca1.1.ed.*Iwentfhm1.ivingthisbig1.ifetonotknowinghowIwasgoing(osurvive.Foriuruue1.y.onmybirthdayin2009.1receivedanewheartandwasgivenasecondchanceat1.ife!MAftervo1.unteeringin1.osAnge1.eshospita1.s,Kaufmanstartedthenon-profit,vasHeart.Sbcandherorganizationoff

13、eredtransp1.antpatientsservicesthatwereoftennotcoveredbyinsurance,inc1.udingfood.gas.co-paysonmedicines,andhousing.*VhatIfoundoutwasthatifyoudidnthavepost-transp1.ant-housing,youcou1.dntget1.istedandadmittedintothehospita1./Kaufmansaid.She1.eanedthattortheneriy110.000peop1.eintheUSwaitingfora1.ifesa

14、vingorgan(rans1.a11ti(wasnotjustamauerofaddingyo,name(othe1.ist.Patientsmustbefinancia1.1.ysecureandbeab1.etoafYrdtransportation.What,snrc.theymustfindaccomnodationsnearheirtransp1.anthospita1.:KaufmanrunsIWOhousing1.ocations,whicha1.1.ows(hepatientstoremainc1.oseto(heirtransp1.anthospita1.duringthe

15、periodoftheiraftercare,typica1.1.yaboutthreemonthsatnocost.Herorganizationa1.sohe1.psdonorfami1.ies,whichshethinksmakestheWhoICcirc1.ecomp1.ete.fc,0neorgandonorcansaveeight1.ivesandthenthere,stissueandskinandeyesandb1.oodvesse1.s(1.)andsomanyotherthings/Kaunansaid.tkThedonoristhewho1.estory.W1.thoUt

16、thedonor,therearcnotransp1.antcenters,notransp1.antsurgeons,nome.Inmyeyes,thedonorsaretheheroes.”Todate.va,s1.1.evedOneSwhoseorganshavesavedcount1.ess1.ives.Kaufmana1.soworksc1.ose1.ywiththosewhoreceivedonationstobui1.dre1.ationshipswithdonorfami1.iesandspreadawarenessabouttheinx)11itnceoforgandonat

17、ion.Whatmessagedocsthetextmain1.yconvey?.itsbeucrtogive(hantoreceive.B. Theb1.essedbeartheheartofgiving.C. Hea1.thmattersmuchmorethanwea1.th.D. Vb1.unieeringmakestheWork1.abeerp1.ace.4. (2024江苏除州*三像州市第七中学阶段练习)In1.hcani11u1.kingdom,mimics(模仿)arcnotrare.SIiCkinscc1.spre1.end1.betwigs.HawkInOisonoussna

18、kes.Theexamp1.es,though,arevisua1.Auditorymimicryisrarer.Dani1.oRussooftheUniversityofNap1.esFeckricoI1.thinkshehasfoundanove1.easeofit,ashedescribesinCurrentBio1.ogy.Someba1.s,hebe1.ieves,mimicangrybeesinCrdCrtoscareawayow1.sthatmightotherwisecatthem.Dr.Russofirstnoticedbatbuzzingafewyearsago.ThCno

19、isestruckhimassimi1.artothesoundofsomebees.HewonderedWhCIhBbatbuzzingwasaf11nofmimicrywhichhe1.ped(oscareoffwtm1.d-bcPreddkHXTotestthisidea,heandhisco1.1.eaguesfirstrecordedthebuzzingthatCaPWNdbatsmade.Then,withprughitfivesecondsofUnin1.erruptedbatbuzzingandasimi1.aramountofinswakingandwanningup.Why

20、theydothisis*oncofthegreatestmysteriesofthefie1.d,saysThomasRuf,aprofessorofanima1.physio1.ogyattheUniversityofVctcrinarjMedicineinVienna.Somethinktheyneedto(urnbackontheirimmunesystemstofightdisease,whi1.eothersthinktheymaysimp1.yawakensotheycans1.eep.Onebirdandavarietyofamphibians(两栖动物).repti1.esa

21、ndinsectsa1.soexhibithibernation-1.ikestates,!hereisevenat1.eastonefish-theAntarcticCOd-thats1.owsdownitsmetabo1.isminwinter,becoming2()times1.essactive.And.ofcourse,therearcItHsofmamma1.s.Whi1.ebearsmightbeIhefirstthatcmetomind,mostmamma1.ianhiberna1.orsareonIhesma1.1.erside.vThcaveragehibematorwei

22、ghson1.y70grams.*saysRufThatsbecause1.itt1.ebodieshavehighsurfaceareatovo1.umeratios*makingitmoretaxingforIhemIOstaywarminco1.dweathersoIheyneed(heseasona1.energysavingsmore(han1.argeranima1.s.he1.astparagraphmain1.ydiscusses.A.whencertainanima1.shibernateB.whatkindsofanima1.shibernateC.whysomeanima

23、1.shibernateD.howanima1.shibernate6.(2024上湖南长沙育三长郡中学校考期末)WantIoknowwha1.iscomingsntoaCinCnIanearyou?Probab1.ynsebyaround24%.f11monehourand21minutesin1.hc1930sIooneIMMIrand47minutesin2022.For(hetenmost-popu1.ar(it1.es.(heaverage1.engthgrewtoaroundtwoandahi1.fhoursin2022.near1.y50%higherthanin(he1930s

24、.Onedriverof(histrendis(hatstudioswant(osqueezethemostOUtof(heircost1.yinte1.1.ectua1.PrOPCrty(知识产权).buttheyarccompetingwithstreamingp1.atformsforeyeba1.1.s,1.hchopeisIha1.aspectacu1.ardrawn-outicvc11(mInOViewi1.1.drawaudiencesawayfromIhesma1.1.screenandintocinemas.Thisapproachhasoftenpaidoff:Avenge

25、rs:EndgameMan,csthree-hoursuperheroInaMe1.Pie!u1.de1.iveryguytoabi1.1.inaivC. Francis:StartingIhCU.K.,sfastest-growingcompanyDGymshark:Taking(he1.eadinfitnessc1.othing8. (2024上湖南霞阳育三U阳市八中校考期末)AnewstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofBritishCo1.umbia(UBC)andtheUniveniityofVictoriahasshown(hatComnHH1.1.

26、eve1.softrafficpo1.1.u1.incandamagehumanbrainfunctioninon1.yamatterofhours.“Formanydecades,scientiststhoughtthebrainmaybeprotectedfromtheharmfu1.ef1.eetsofairpo1.1.ution/saidseniorstudyauthorDr.ChrisCaiIstcn.oThisstudy,whichisthefirstofitskindinthewor1.d,providesfreshevidencesupportingaconnectionbet

27、weenairpo1.1.utionandcognition/,Forthestudy,1.heresearchersbrief1.yexposed25hea1.thyadu1.tstodiese1.CXhaUJ(柴油味气)andfi1.teredaira(different1.imesinaIahoraiorysetting.Brainactivitywasmeasuredbeforeandaftereachexposureusingfunctiona1.magneticresonanceimaging(fMRI).Theresearchersana1.yzedchangesinthebrainsdefau1.tmodenetwork(DMN).asetofin1.er-onncc1.edbrainregions1.ha(p1.ayanimportantro1.einmemoryandint