HND商务信息与通讯技术OUTCOME1.doc

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1、wordPart1: Identify andevaluatetherole ofbusinessinformationindecision-making.Question1:StrategicManagementStrategicmanagementisresponsibleformakingdecisionsthataffectwholepany.Thesedecisionsaregenerallyvery plexandunstructured.Theymakelong-termdecisions.Internal:Themarkettrends. Ifthepanycanobserve

2、theindex，itwillunderstandtheneedsofthepany，soastodecideitwillproducetheproductstogainmoreprofit.External:thestaffingneeds. Ifthempanycanimproveemployeebenefits，increasetheirrewards，itwillmakeemployeeshavemorepower.TacticalManagementTacticalmanagersarethemiddlemanagement.Theymakemedium-termdecisions

3、a忏ectingbudgets，monitoring operations，developing policies，obtainingresources.Tacticalmanagersdeveloptacticstoachievetheoverallstrategicaimsandobjectivessetbythestrategicmanager.Internal:Thebudgets.Ifthepanyhasabudgetprocess，itwillbe abletocontrolthebudgetandcontrolthepanyscashposition.Andtheenterpri

4、secapitalwillbeemoreflexible.External:Iftheenterprisehasthefixedsuppliers，itwillguaranteethequalityofenterpriseproductsandsave operatingtime，thusenhancestheenterprisethepetitiveabilityandincreasemoreprofits.OperationalManagementTheoperationalmanageristhefirstlinemanagerorsupervisor.Theyare12 / 14res

5、ponsiblefortheday-to-dayopera甘onsofthebusiness.Internal:Iftheenterprisesta仔attendancerecord eve叩day，itcanworkoutaplanforamoreperfectplanaccordingtotheinformation，sothatemployeesworkmoree仔iciently.External:The customerneeds.Iftheenterp川seunderstandcustomerneeds，itsproductstoattractcustomersandincreas

6、eine.Question2:Enterpriseresourceplanningisacross-functionalenterprisesystemdrivenby an integrated suiteof so仕ware modulesthat supports the basicinternalbusinessprossesofampany.ERPgivesapanyanintegratedreal-time view of i怡core business processes such as production，orderprocessing，andinventorymanagem

7、ent，tiedtogetherbyERPapplicationssoftwareandamondatabasemaintainedbyadatabasemanagementsystem.ERPsystemstrackbusinessresources(suchascash，rawmaterials，andproductioncapacity)andthestatusofmitmentsmadebythebusiness(suchascustomerorders，purchaseorders，andemployeepayroll)，nomatterwhichdepartment(manufac

8、turing，purchasing，sales，accounting，andsoon)hasenteredthedataintothesystem.ERPfacilitatesinformationf10wbetweenallbusinessfunctionsinsidetheorganization，andmanagesconnectionstooutsidestakeholders.(Wikipedia，2013)Thisinformationsystemwouldsupportdecision-makingatstrategiclevels. ERPprovidessupporttoup

9、perlevelmanagementtoprovidethemwithcriticaldecisionmakinginformation.Thisdecisionsupportallowstheupperlevelmanagementtomakemanagerialchoicesthatenhancethebusinessdowntheroad. ERPalsocreatesamoreagilempanythatbetteradaptstochange.ERPmakesapanymoref1exibleandless时gidlystructuredsoorganizationponents o

10、perate morecohesively，enhancingthebusiness-斗nternallyandexterna11y. ERPcangreatlyimprovethe qualityandefficiencyofabusiness.By keepingapanysinternalbusinessprocessrunningsmoothly，ERPcanleadtobetteroutputsthatbenefitthepanysuchascustomerservice，andmanufacturing.Customerrelationshipmanagementisamodelf

11、ormanagingapanysinteractionswithcurrentandfuturecustomers.Itinvolvesusingtechnologytoorganize，automate，andsynchronizesales，marketing，customerservice，andtechnicalsuppo凡(Wikipedia，2013)Thisinformationsystemwouldsupportdecision-makingatoperationallevels. AccesscontroliscrucialfortheSCMtool.Ontheonehand

12、，sincethisisteamdevelopment，mayneedto limitcertain membersofthe authority;Thesub-project oftheespecially bigprojectstendtobeinvolvedinoutsourcing，attheendofthealignmentstagewillinvolvealotofdifferentunits，needmorerightsmanagement.Accesscontrol，ontheotherhand，also reducedthe possibility ofwrong opera

13、tion，indirect improve theavailabilityoftheSCMtool. SCMtoolsrecordprogramsandfilesmodifiedtr司ectory，trackchangeinformation，makethesoftwaredevelopmentworkpletedinBaseline(Baseline)gradualwa弘avoidingtheuncontrolledsoftwaredevelopmentsituation，makedevelopmentstatusinorder.Supplychainmanagementisthemanag

14、ementoftheflowofgoods.Itincludesthemovementandstorageofrawmaterials，work-in-processinventory，andfinishedgoodsfrompointoforigintopointofconsumption.Interconnectedorinterlinkednetworks，channelsandnodebusinessesareinvolvedintheprovisionofproductsandservicesrequiredby endcustomersinasupplychain.Supplych

15、ainmanagementhasbeendefinedasthedesign，planning，execution，control，andmonito时ngofsupplychainactivitieswiththeobjectiveofcreatingnetvalue，buildingapetitiveinfrastructure，leveragingworldwidelogistics，synchronizing supply with demandand measuringperformanceglobally.(Wikipedia，2013)Thisinformationsystemw

16、ouldsupportdecision-makingatoperationa川evels.CRMisnotonlyoneinthefaceofcustomermarketingandservicedepartment，alsoisabusinessdepartmentscanshareinformationand resourcespla仔ormfortheautomationwork，inordertomaximizetheminingandcoordinationofenterpriseresources，expandthesurvivalspaceandpotential. CRMisc

17、ustomerinformationintopositivecustomerrelationshipandtheworkingprocess of the cycle. Through the CRM can more trulyprehensive collection，analysisofcustomerinformation，to providecustomerswithmulti-angle，all-roundservice.Question3:TheDataProtectionAct1998isaUnitedKingdom ActofParliamentwhichdefinesUKl

18、awontheprocessingofdataonidentifiablelivingpeople.Itisthemainpieceoflegislationthatgoverns theprotectionofpersonaldataintheUK.AlthoughtheActitselfdoesnotmentionprivacy，itwasenactedtobringUKlawintolinewiththeEUdataprotectiondirectiveof1995whichrequiredMemberStatestoprotectpeoplesfundamentalrightsandf

19、reedomsandinparticulartheir right to privacy with respect to the processing of personal data.(Wikipedia，2013)1thinkitnecessa叩forenterprisestousetheAct.Itcanbetterprotectcorporatedataandinformation，toreducealotofbusinessrisk.TheCopyright，DesignsandPatentsAct1988(c.48)，alsoknownastheCDPA，isanActoftheP

20、arliamentoftheUnitedKingdomwhich receivedRoyal Assenton15November1988.Itreformulatesalmostpletelythestatutorybasisofcopyrightlaw(includingpe斤。rmingrights)intheUnitedKingdom，whichhad，untilthen，beengovernedbytheCopyrightAct1956(c.74).Italsocreatesanunregistereddesignright，andcontainsanumberofmodificat

21、onstothelawoftheUnitedKingdomonRegisteredDesignsandpatents.(Wikipedia，2013)1suggestitnecessaryforenterprisestousetheAct.It canhelpenterp川sestobetterprotectandincreasetheirowninterests.Part2:DescribeandevaluatedatamunicationsystemsandnewICTinnovations.Question1:pareandcontrastthreedatamunicationsyste

22、ms.Alocalareanetwork(LAN)isanetworkthatconnectsputerswithinalimitedgeographicaldistrict，usuallywithinanindependentofficeorbuilding.WideAreaNetwork(WAN)，alsocalledRemoteputerNetwork，thescopeofitslargest，generallycanbefromafewtensofkilometerstotensofthousandsofmiles.Establishedanationalorinternational

23、networkisawideareanetwork.Inawideareanetwork，usedforthetransmissionofmunicationsdevicesandtransmissionmediumcanbeprovidedbythetelesector.(NWPU，2013)TheInternetisaglobalsystemofinterconnectedputernetworksthatusethestandard Internetprotocolsuite(TCA斤P)toserveseveralbillionusersworldwide.Itisanefworkof

24、nefworksthatconsistsofmillionsofprivate，public，academic，business，andgovernmentnetworks，oflocaltoglobal scope，thatarelinkedbyabroadarrayofelectronic，wirelessandopticalnetworkingtechnologies.TheInternetcarries anextensiverangeofinformationresourcesandservices，suchastheinter-linkedhypertextdocumentsof

25、theWorldWide Web()，theinfrastructuretosuppo时email，andpeer-to-peernetworks.Forexample，MicrosoftServiceNetworkandEmailpassedthroughthe Internet.(Wikipedia，2013)pare: Alocalareanetworkisanetworkwithinalimited distanceusuallyononegeographicalsite.TheWideAreaNetworkislargerthanlocalareanetwork.TheInterne

26、tisglobal，themostwide range.(IT168，2011)Thethreedatamunicationsystemshavethemselvesadvantages，soitshouldbebinedwitheachother，thedevelopmentofenterpriseswillbebetter.Question2:DescribetwobenefitsforeachofthethreedatamunicationsystemsforBW.Localareanetwork: Low-Ievelproto1isSimple.Inthelocalareanetwor

27、k(LAN)，duetotheshortdistanceandtimedelay issmall，lowcost，hightransmission rate，high reliability，so the channel utilization has not considered the mainfactors，sothelow-Ievelprotocolissimple. Becauseofthecloserangetransmission，sotheerrorrateisve叩low.WideAreaNetwork: Itstransmissionspeedisbetlerandtran

28、smitslargeamountsofdata. Itstransmissionrangeiswider.Internet: The Internetprovidesabundantinformationresourcesandapplicationservices.Notonlyitcantransmittheinformationsuchastext，voice，image，andthousandsofmilesaway，peoplecancar叩outreal-timeconversationsovertheIntemet，online，etc. TheIntemetisthe worl

29、dsmostopenputernetwork.Everyputeraslongasthesuppo时ofTCPIlPprotocol臼nbeconnectedtothe Internet，torealizeinformationresourcessharing，etc.(100XUEXI，2010)Question3:IdentifyandevaluatethreethreatstosecurityofnetworkedinformationandthesecurityproceduresthatwouldbeappropriateforBWtoadopt. Fire: Fireistopoi

30、nttointimeandspacecausedbytheburningoutofcontrol.Amongvariouskindsofdisaster，fireisthemostoften，themostmonthreattopublicsafetyandsocialdevelopmentofoneofthemajordisasters.Enterprisesshouldbeinstalledintheindoorfirewaterspraynozzle;policy formulation aboutSmokingisprohibitedandsetupevacuationpassagew

31、ay.Thiscanbetterreduthepossibilityoffire. Theft: Inmonusage，theftisthetakingofanotherpersonspropertywithoutthatpersonspermissionorconsentwiththeintenttodeprivetherigh町ulownerofit.Enterprisesshouldhiresecurityguardsandinstallcamerasatindoors，sothatwe canbetteravoidthethreat ofthethief. Viruses:Aputer

32、virusisatypeofmalwarethat，whenexecuted，replicates by inserting copies of itself (possibly modified) into otherputerprograms，datafiles，or theboot sectoroftheharddrive;whenthisreplicationsucceeds，thea仔ectedareasarethensaidtobeinfectedEnterprisesshouldemploynetworksecurityengineerandsetupthefirewalltop

33、reventvirusintrusion.Questio4:Identifyandevaluatethree!ITCinnovationsintermsoftheirrelevancetotheneedsofBW，theirmanagersandstaff.Voice over Internet Protocol: Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is amethodologyandgroupoftechnologiesforthedeliveryofvoice municationsandmultimediasessionsoverInternetPr

34、otocol(IP)networks，suchastheInternet.OthertermsmonlyassociatedwithVolPareIP telephony，Internettelephony，voice over broadband (VoBB)，broadbandtelephony，IPmunications，andbroadbandphoneservice.(Wikipedia，2013) ThegreatestbenefitofVoiceoverInternetProtocolisve叩cheap.Thiswillsavemoneyforthepany. Voiceove

35、rInternetProtocolservicesisvaried. VoiceoverInternetProtocoltransmissionmediaisdiversification.Cloudputing:Cloud，orsomethingbeinginthecloud，isanexpressionusedtodescribeavarietyofdifferenttypesofputingconceptsthatinvolvealargenumberofputersconnectedthroughareal-timemunicationnetworksuchas theInternet

36、.(Wikipedia，2013) Security，cloudputingprovidesthemostreliableandsecuredatastoragecenter;usersdonthavetoworryaboutdataloss，suchasvirusinvasionoftrouble. Convenience，cloudputingequipmentrequirementsforclientsisthelowest，isthemostconvenientforyoutouse.Tencent QQ: Tencent QQ is tencent developed interne

37、t-based instantmessaging (1M) software. Support tencent QQ online chat，video phone，point-to-point breakpoint continuingly files，share files，network hard disk，custompanel，QQ，andotherfunctions，andcanbeconnectedtothemobilemunicationterminalandothermunicationmethods.EnterprisescanuseQQtomunicatewithstaf

38、f，otherenterprises. Informationtransferfast，Sendingandreceivingmessageimmediately. Enterprisescanusevoiceandvideochatfacetoface，thefunctionisveryprehensive.Andthesearefree.ReferenceWikipedia，2013，Enterpriseresourceplanningonline ，availableat:n.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_resource_planningaccessed飞

39、巳October2013Wikipedia，2013，Customer relationship management online，available at:k伊，r_relationship_management accessed16October2013Wikipedia，2013，Supplychainmanagementonline，availableat:k加，ed阻。rg/wiki/Suppl.儿chain_managementaccessedat16October2013Wikipedia，2013，DataProtectionAct丁998online，availableat

40、:n川t_1998accessedat气已October2013Wikipedia，2013，Copyright，DesignsandPatentsAct 1988online，availableat:h柱._Design飞and-Patents-Act-1988拌The_Actaccessedat16October2013NWPU，2013，chapter three WAN Technologiesonline，availableat:accessedat16October2013Wikipedia，2013，Internetonline，availableat: accessed at

41、气6 October 2013IT168，2011，LANsecuritysolutionsonline，availableat: accessedat 16October2013100xuexi， 2010，thefeatureofInternetonline， availableat:accessedat16October2013accessedat16October2013Wikipedia，2013VoiceoverIPonline，availableat:accessed at16October2013Wikipedia，2013Cloudputingonlineaccessedat16October