八级unit.doc

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1、Unit 2 Ill help clean the city parks.语法一 动词不定式l 动词不定式的根本形式是_+_,有时可以不带to。动词不定式在句子中不能作谓语，没有_和_的变化。动词不定式仍保存动词的特点，即可以有自己的_和_。例如：to put off my plan, to teach kids; to work in an animal hospital, to speak at the meeting.l 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、_、_、表语和定语。a. 不定式作宾语动词不定式可以用在一些及物动词之后作宾语。 Weneed to e

2、up with a plan for the City Park Clean-Up Day. I hope to work outside.【小结】巧记接动词不定式作宾语的动词三个希望hope，wish，e*pect两需要want，need，设法try同意agree作准备prepare。开场start，begin方案plan莫忘记forget，记着remember决定decide能学会learn。n She _ _ borrow my bike yesterday.昨天她想借我的自行车。n They began _ _ the English song Lonely.他们开场唱英语歌寂寞b.

3、动词不定式作状语不定式作状语时，常表示目的、结果、原因、条件等，通常放在它所修饰的动词之后。 She still works there once a week to help kids learn to read. They came up with some ideas to cheer up sick children. We are working hard to make a better life. He stopped _ _ a rest.他停下来休息。 We eat_ _，but not live _ _.我们吃饭是为了生存,但生存不是为了吃饭。c. 动词不定式作宾语补足语

4、We could eachask 10students to e. Mario believe it can help him to get his future dream job.【小结】不定式作宾语补足语时，宾语与不定式构成复合宾语，宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。常用此构造的有advise/ ask /want/tell/ allow/ encourage/ invite/ would like/ e*pect/ need/ wish sb. to do sth. I like you_ _ everything tidy.我喜欢你们使每件东西都保持整洁。 Mother asked him _

5、 _ _TV.妈妈叫他把电视机关掉。【观察】I see the animals get better.Let me tell you my story.She made the boy go to bed early.【小结】感官动词如feel, see, hear, watch, notice, listen to, look at 等以及使役动词make, have, let 等在跟不定式作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to。记牢宾补不带to，一感、二听要仔细。三让四看记心间，半个帮助最相宜。一感：feel；二听：hear，listen to；三让：let，make，have；四看：see，w

6、atch，look at，notice；半个帮助：help，可带to也可不带【观察】Tell him not to be late.I tried not to wake them up.My parents asked me not to stay up.【小结】1动词不定式的否认形式由_+_构成。2省to的动词不定式的否认式是直接在动词前面加not. 例：Let the boy not go.动词+疑问词+ to He wants to learn about how to care for animals. In their free time, they think about wha

7、t to do for fun. Nobody told us _ _ _ ne*t.没有人告诉我们接下去做什么。 He showed me _ _ _the new mobile phone. 他向我演示怎样使用这个新手机。 The question is _ _ _.问题是什么时候开场。【延伸】1.不定式作主语【观察】Its not easy for me to make friends.= To make friends is not easy for meIts always interesting to watch people show their talents.=To watc

8、h people show their talents is always interesting To make a plan first is a good idea.=_ _ a good idea to make a plan first.句型It is+adj.+for+sb.+_.表示对*人来说做*事怎么样。 运用：连词成句help their parents, to, for, important, It, children, with housework is._.2.不定式作定语【观察】Volunteering our time to help these people is

9、 a good way to spend our free time.He now has 16 bikes to fi* up and give away to children who dont have bikes.【小结】不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。 She did not have much money _ _.她没有很多的钱可以花。 I have a lot of work _ _.我有很多工作要干。 There is no more room _ _ in.再也没有地方可住了。语法二动词短语【观察】 They cheered up Jimmy. They cheered

10、Jimmy up. They cheered him up. He handed out notices.He handed notices out. He handed them out. She gave away all her old books. She gave all her old books away. She gave them away. He woke up his daughter. He woke up his daughter. He woke her up. I gave most of my books away when I left college. I

11、gave away most of my books when I left college.I gave them away when I left college.【小结】cheer up(使变得快乐), hand out(分发；散发),give away(赠送), wake up(唤醒)等动词+副词构成的短语，名词作宾语可放在中间或后面，代词作宾语只能放在_。a. 动词+副词 put off, put up, put away, turn on/ off/ up/ down. mi* up, look up, clean up, pick up, make up虚构；编造(故事、谎话等)

12、, eat up吃光, use up 用完b. 动词+介词 listen to, care for, look for, think about,c. 动词+副词+介词 look forward to, e up with, catch up withd. 动词+名词+介词 pay attention toe. be动词+形容词+介词 be different from, be interested in, be angry with, be worried about, be similar to, be good at【检测反响】I. 单项选择1. Our teacher often as

13、ks us _ questions in groups. A. discuss B. to discuss C. discussing D. discussed2. Mary is very generous. Yes, she gave away all her money she owned_ people in need. A. to help B. helped C. helping3. He made us_ by making faces. A. to laugh B. laugh C. laughed4. The boys volunteer three hours_ up th

14、e park near their school. A. cleaning B. to clean C. cleaned5. Tina, I have something important _ you. A. telling B. tell C. to tell6. You should pay attention to _ from others. A. learn B. leaning C. learns7. Mary called and asked her husband _ home at once, because she locked their daughter in the

15、 home. A. to leave B. leave C. to go D. go8. I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you I havent decided where _. A. go B. went C. going D. to go II用所给动词的适当形式填空9. If you cant read the words, you need _ (look) them up in the dictionary.10. Could you tell me what _(do) ne*t11. The old

16、man told us_(not swim) in the river.12. It was difficult for him _ (remember) all the things.13. I want _ (bee) a policeman one day. 14. He wants the students _ (eat) well. 15. The teacher made his students _ (e) into the meeting room on time. 16. The boy was free _ (go) where he liked. 17. Nobody t

17、ells him what _ (do) ne*t. 常用短语及用法1.由put引导的短语put away把放好put off推迟，拖延put on穿上，把放在上put up举起，表现出，贴put down记下，放下put into把放入，把翻译成put out放出，伸出2. 由give引导的短语give up放弃give in屈服，让步give out分发，散发；用尽，耗尽give away捐赠，赠送；分发give back归还，恢复give off发出，放出3.由call 引导的短语call on访问*人；号召；要求call up打给；使人想起call in找来，请来call for需要，

18、要求call at访问(*处)；(车，船等)停靠(*处)4.由take 引导的短语take back拿回；使疑惑take after像take away拿走，减去take down写下，记下；拆卸take up占据空间take over接过；接收take off脱下；飞机起飞5. 由look 引导的短语look after照顾，照料look for寻找，找look at看look into调查；向里看look out小心look through浏览，快速地看look out of向外看look like看起来像look up查找，查询；向上看6.由turn引导的短语turn up把(音量)开大

19、；出现，到达turn on翻开turn off关掉(煤气、水、电等)turn down把(音量)关小；拒绝turn over翻转，翻身turn to向求助；转向turn in归还，就寝turn out结果是，证明是；生产重点短语1.cheer (sb.) up使(*人)快乐、振作如：cheer me up使我快乐2. clean up清扫clean-up n.清扫3. homeless adj.无家可归的a homeless boy一个无家可归的男孩4. sickadj.生病的作表语、定语 e.g. The boy is sick. He is a sick boy.illadj.生病的作表语

20、，不能作定语 e.g. The boy is ill.5. volunteer可数名词志愿者adj.自愿的vi. volunteer to do sthe.g. They are the Chinese Peoples Volunteers.他们是中国人民志愿军。I volunteer to help you.我自愿帮助你6. e up with提出想出=think up想出7. put off doing推迟做*事8. write down写下记下9. call up打 =make a telephone call打10. set up成立建立 = establish e.g. The ne

21、w hospital was set up in 2000.11. help sb. (to) do帮助*人做*事help him (to) studyhelp sb. with sth.帮助*人做*事help him with English12. run out与run out ofrun out (bee used up).其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本身就含有被动意义。 e.g. His money soon ran out.他的钱很快就花光了。My patience has pletely run out.我没有一点耐心了。run out of主语为人，表示主动含义。e

22、.g.He is always running out of money before pay day.两者在一定条件下可以互换如：The petrol is running out.汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol.我们快把汽油用完了。Our time is running out.我们剩下的时间不多了。= We are running out of time13.take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像be similar to与.相像take after相像look after照顾take care of照顾14. 1) use

23、d to do sth.过去常常做*事； 表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作或状态，暗指现在已经不存在。used无人称和时态的变化。 e.g. I used to go to the Youth Center. But I have no time now. My mother used_tellus stories when we were young.( ) He used to _short and _ short hair when he was young. A. have; be B. be; have C. be; be D. have; have2) be /get used to

24、doing sth 习惯于做*事My grandpa is used _(live) in country. 3) be used to do sth 被用来做*事=be used for doing sth Stamps is used _(post) letters.( ) My brother used to _ up late, but now he is used to _ up early.A. get ;get B. getting; get C. get; getting D. getting; getting( ) Keys are used _ the door. A. t

25、o open B. to opening C. open D. opening【记】 He used to wear glasses . But now he is used to wearing contact lenses. 他以前常戴框架眼镜，但现在习惯戴隐形眼镜。15.词语辨析: alone & lonely1) lonelyadj.(lonelier, loneliest)孤独的；寂寞的a lonely child孤寂的孩子e.g. Sam was very lonely when he first moved to New York.萨姆刚搬到纽约时非常寂寞。She lives a

26、lone and often feels lonely.她孑然一身，常感到寂寞。2) alone, by yourself较非正式、常用于英语口语的 on ones own、by oneself 均指单独，但无孤独之意：I like being alone in the house.我喜欢单独一人待在家里。Im going to London by myself ne*t week.我准备下星期一个人去伦敦。 There are many_people who just want to talk. 有很多只想找人倾诉的孤独的人。 They care for the_, the lost, th

27、e unloved. 他们照顾孤独的人、失落的人和缺少爱的人。 I was _ but I didnt feel_我单独一人，但我并不感到孤独。 I dont like going out_ after dark. 我不愿意天黑后单独外出。I like to work _. 我喜欢单独一人工作。Its dangerous for a girl to go out _ at night. 16. thank you for doing做*事如：thank you for helping me做帮助我17. help sb. out帮助做事，解决难题(摆脱困境)e.g.I cant work ou

28、t this math problem. Please help me out.18. train n.火车train v.训练train sb. to do.训练*人做*事 e.g. She trains her dog to fetch things.她训练她的狗去取东西。19. at once = right away立刻马上如：Do it at once.马上去做。20. hand out分发hand out bananasgive out分发give out sth to sb.分.给*人give up doing放弃give up smoking放弃吸烟give away赠送捐赠g

29、ive away sth. to . give away money to kidsgive sb. sth.给*人*东西give me money给我钱give sth. to sb.给*人*东西give money to me给我线21. disabled adj.肢体有残疾的disabled people残疾人disable v.不能 Though he is _(able) , Liu Wei made his dream to be a pianist e true.【加前缀dis- 构成的派生词】 dislike 不喜欢 disorder 无秩序 dishonest 不老实 dis

30、appear 消失22.I was able to bring him home. 我可以把它带回家了。【解析】 be able to 能够词条适用时态人称和数例句be able to用于各种时态有人称和数的变化I will be able to dress more casually.can用于现在时或过去时could没有人称和数的变化I could swim at the age of seven.=I was able to swim at the age of seven.Lucy could read story book at the age of four.同义替换 A.is a

31、ble to B.was able to C.should D.would(1) be able to do sth.意为:能做*事。但只表示能力，用于各种时态。 (2 ) can可表能力，请求，许可，猜测等。但只有can和could两种形式。但表过去通过努力做成*事，要用was/ were able to，相当于succeeded in doing，而不用could;未能做成，既可用wasn t /werent able to也可一用。couldnt。如: I am able to speak English well now. = I _ speak English now. We _ a

32、ble to get there at last, but we couldnt/werent able to catch the last bus. 1) Hes able to swim.= He _ _. 2) She was able to speak Japanese. = She _ _ Japanese. 3) They will _ e to see me in 3 days. A. can B. be able to C. could 4)I want to be an astronaut, then Ill _ to the moon.A. can fly B. be ab

33、le to fly C. can flyingD. be able to flying练习一、单项选择。1. Hi, Nick. Could you please _ the picture on the wall!A. pick up B. look up C. get up D. put up 2. His grandparents live _ in a small house, but they dont feel _.A. lonely, alone B. alone, lonely C. lonely, lonely D. alone, alone3. -Are you colle

34、cting any old warm clothes with teachers -Yes, we will _ to the poor students in a village school.A. give it away B. give them away C. give away it D. give away them.4. Its hard to _ living in a place where there are no telephones or cars.A. know B. realize C. imagine D. think5.The Internet makes _

35、possible for everyone to get education anywhere and anytime.A. it B. this C. that D. them6. My mother asked me _ in bed.A. not read B. not to read C. not reading D. reading7. Tom _ his elder brother. They are both friendly.A. looks after B. takes after C. looks like D. looks at 8. -The old man _ all

36、 his money to a charity.A. took away B. put away C. went away D. gave away9. The woman in red _ a teacher. She works in a hospital now.A. used to be B. is used to be C. was used to be D. is 10. We all feel _ after hearing of the _ news.A. e*cited, e*cited B. e*citing, e*citing C. e*cited, e*citing D

37、. e*citing, e*cited二、从方框中选出适合以下句子的短语, 并用其适当的形式填空。clean up, give away, give out, e up with , put off, cheer up , look after, help with, write down , set up1. If you like to work outside, you can help _ the city parks.2. Try to _ some ideas to deal with the problem.3. Why not _ sick kids They are ofte

38、n sad.4.Be quiet please, class. Im going to _your test papers.5. Im too busy. I want to _ my plan to work in an animal center.6. I_ some clothes to the charity because they were too small for me.7. The doctors _ a health center for poor children last year.8. I will _ some housework after I finish my work.9. Please _ what I said just now.10. Bob _ his father because he is ill.