化学与应用化学专业英语命名.ppt
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1、Nomenclature of Chemical substance,International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC)The IUPAC name of an alkane with an unbranched chain of carbon atoms consists of two parts:a prefix that indicates the number of carbon atoms in the chain;the ending that indicates the species,Nomenclature of
2、Hydrocarbon,Prefixs used in the IUPAC system to indicate one to 20 carbon atoms in a chain,Nomenclature of Hydrocarbon,烷烃(Alkanes):-ane 甲烷methane,乙烷ethane,己烷hexane烷烃基(烷基alkyl)方法:删去-ane,加上-yl;如甲基:methyl;乙基:ethyl;正丁基:n-butyl;异丙基:iso-propyl;(n-:normol,正;iso-:异;neo-:新)命名原则alphabetical order 3-ethyl-3-me
3、thyl-pentane 表示相同的基团数3,3-dimethyl-pentane(2:di-,3:tri-,4:tetre-,5:penta-;6:hexa-.)在字母序中不考虑表示数字的字.,Nomenclature of Hydrocarbon,烯烃(Alkenes):-ene 乙烯ethene;丙稀propene;戊烯pentene.双键的位置:2-pentene;2-methyl-2-pentene.1,3丁二烯1,3-butadiene 烯烃基(alkylene)乙烯基:vinyl 氯乙烯vinyl chloride炔烃(Alkynes):-yne 乙炔ethyne 丙炔propy
4、ne;4-甲基-2-己炔4-methyl-2-hexyne,Nomenclature of Hydrocarbon,醇(Alcohols):-ol 乙醇ethanol,异丙醇iso-propanol,HOCH2CH2OH:1,2-ethanediol(ethylene glycol);CH3CH(OH)CH2OH:1,2-propanediol(propylene glycol);HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH:1,2,3-propanetriol(glycerol).醚(Ethers)烷烃为母链,烷氧基为取代基(OR),烷氧基的命名:数字前缀加oxy,如甲氧基:methoxy;乙氧基eth
5、oxy;C-C-C-O-C-C-C-Cpropoxybutane.氧两边的烷基为取代基,醚作母链:丙基丁基醚propyl butyl ether特例:乙醚 CH3CH2OCH2CH3:diethyl ether,ethyl ether,ether,Nomenclature of Derivative,胺(Amines)以胺为母体amine;乙胺ethylamine;丙胺propylamine以胺为取代基:amino-;乙胺aminoethane;丙胺aminopropane(CH3)2CHCH2CH2NH21-amino-3-methylbutane(isopentylamine)CH3CH2
6、CH2CH(CH3)CH2NHCH3N-methyl-1-amino-2-methylpentane NH2(CH2)6NH2 1,6-diaminohexane(hexamethylenediamino)如有几个取代基,胺基作amino-;4-胺基苯酚4-aminophenol.苯胺:aniline;-氯-苯胺4-chloroaniline(p-chloroaniline)四甲基氢氧化铵:Tetramethylammonium hydroxide三甲基戊基碘化铵trimethylpentylammonium iodide,Nomenclature of Derivative,醛(Aldehy
7、des):-al CH3CH2CHO:propanal;(CH3)2CHCH2CHO:3-methylbutanal;CH3CH2CH(CH3)CHO:2-methylbutanal 苯甲醛benzaldehyde(俗名)不饱和醛:-enalH2C=CH-CHO:propenal CHO-CH=(CH3)CCH2CH2CH=C(CH3)CHO 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal.酮(Ketones)酮作母体:-one 丙酮2-propanone;4-甲基-3-己酮4-methyl-3-hexanone-甲基-环己酮2-methyl-cyclohexanone,Nomencl
8、ature of Derivative,羧酸(Carboxylic acid)饱和酸:-anoic acid 甲酸methanoic acid(俗名:formic acid);乙酸ethanoic acid(俗名:acetic acid)3-甲基-丁酸3-methyl-butanoic acid不饱和酸:-enoic acid 丙烯酸2-propenoic acid;3-苯基-2-丙烯酸3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid 5-羟基-己酸 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid 5-羰基-己酸5-oxo-hexanoic acid二羧酸:-dioic acid 柠檬酸2-h
9、ydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid(citric acid)酸酐(Acid anhydrides):oic anhydride乙酸酐ethanoic anhydride(acetic anhydride),Nomenclature of Derivative,The order of precedence of serval functional group,Nomenclature of Derivative,3-羰基-丁醇3-hydroxy-butanone,5-hydroxyhexanoic acid苯甲酸benzoic acid,酯(Ester
10、s)The examples of derivation of names of esters,Nomenclature of Derivative,酰卤(Acid halides)-oyl乙酰氯:CH3COCl ethanoyl chloride(acetyl chloride)苯甲酰溴:benzoyl bromide(benzene)酰胺:乙酰胺:acetamide,酯(Esters)The examples of derivation of names of esters,Nomenclature of Derivative,酰卤(Acid halides)-oyl乙酰氯:CH3COCl
11、 ethanoyl chloride(acetyl chloride)苯甲酰溴:benzoyl bromide(benzene)酰胺:乙酰胺:acetamide,Unit Two Inorganic Chemistry,Lesson One The Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds,Unit Two Inorganic Chemistry,Lesson One The Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds,Naming Binary Compounds of Nonmetals 氧化物:oxide(oxygen);氮化物:
12、nitride(nitrogen);五氧化二磷:diphosphoric pentoxide;氧化二氮:dinitrogen oxide五氧化二氮:dinitrogen pentoxide卤化物 氯化物:chloride(chlorine)氟化物:fluoride(fluorine)溴化物:bromide(bromine)碘化物:iodide(iodine),ClO4-perchlorate ionClO3-chlorate ionClO2-chlorite ionClO-hypochlorite ion,Unit Two Inorganic Chemistry,Lesson One The
13、Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds,Naming Ionic CompoundsIonic compounds are composed of cations and anions.阳离子(Names of Cations)Na+,sodium ion;Fe2+and Fe3+,iron(II)ion and iron(III)ion,rescpectively.铜离子copper(II)ion,copper(I)ion;阴离子(Names of anions)F-fluoride;Cl-chloride;Br-bromide;I-iodide;N-3 ni
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