史上最完整动词不定式的用法.ppt

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1、1.动词不定式的用法,作主语作宾语作定语作表语作宾补作状语,动词不定式,2.动词不定式的时态和语态,3.巩固练习,1.动词不定式作主语,动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。,To get there by car will take a whole day.,How to get enough money is still a question.,1.动词不定式作主语,有时候为了保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，放到句首，而将作真实主语的动词不定式放到句末。,It will take a whole day to get there by car.,It is impossible fo

2、r me to finish the work in a week.,2.动词不定式作宾语,动词不定式作宾语常用于下列动词后：,want,agree,decide,manage,wish,hope,ask,like,love,choose,promise,continue,plan,learn,expect,offer,prepare,refuse,pretend,attempt,intend,threaten,seek,hesitate,long,desire,fail等等。,动词不定式作宾语应注意的问题,1.有些动词后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语意义截然不同,try,go on,stop,m

3、ean,regret,remember,forget等,try to do sth.尽力去做某事,try doing sth.试一试，试试看,Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.,Try to get there on time.,forget to do sth.忘了去做某事,forget doing sth.忘了做过某事,I forget telling her about it,I forget to bring the purse with me when I left home thi

4、s morning.,remember to do sth.记住去做某事,remember doing sth.记得做过某事,I remember reading the story in some book.,Remember to post the letter for me when you go to the post office.,动词不定式作宾语应注意的问题,2.如果不定式作宾语而后面又有一个宾语补足语，这时要用it作形式宾语而把这个动词不定式放到补语后。,I feel it my duty to help you.,I once thought it impossible fo

5、r us to finish the job in such a limited time.,3.动词不定式作定语,动词不定式作定语，它与所修饰的名词或代词可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。如果是动宾关系，不定式主动表示被动。,He was the last one to leave school yesterday.,We have much homework to do everyday.,4.动词不定式作表语,1主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.To do t

6、hat would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.,2主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion 等为中心词的名词词组，或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示，表语用不定式说明其内容，如：My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.My suggestion is to start work at once.What I would suggest is to start work at once.,注：在某些

7、句型中，当主语部分有动作动词do 时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号“to”，如：All we have to do is push the button.The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.All I could do was send him a telegram.,5.动词不定式作宾补,常跟动词不定式作宾补的动词有：,（1）可接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：,ask,get,allow,forbid,prefer,force,inspire,advise,cause,tell,order,warn,teach,permit,wish,

8、invite,encourage等,（2）可跟省to的动词不定式作宾补的动词有：,在部分感官动词和使役动词后，如：,see,watch,notice,observe,look at,listen to,feel,make,let,have,注：help后可跟省to或带to的不定式作宾补。,The teacher had us recite the text every day.,I was let to do the experiment alone.,Was he noticed to leave the house?,动词不定式在主动语态中用省to的形式作宾补，但在被动语态的句子中，要用带

9、to的形式作主语补语。,6.动词不定式作状语,动词不定式作状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常表示目的、原因、结果、程度等。,1表示目的：They ran over to welcome the delegates.He stood up to be seen better.2.表示结果：What have I said to make you so angry?He came round to find himself in hospital.,不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型：so as to Would you be so kind as to lend me your bi

10、cycle/tell me the time?such()as to Im not such a fool as to believe that.enough to The boy is old enough to go to school.too to 5.only to do表示一种意想不到的结果Eg:We went to the train station only to find that the train had left.,当too前有only时，only too to译作肯定。,I am only too pleased to help you.,当不定式前有表否定意义的词时，

11、译作肯定。,We are never too old to learn.,动词不定式的时态,1.I opened the door to enter the room.,3.Mr.Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.,.一般式(to do).,不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。,2.saw her enter the room.,.进行式(to be doing),1.I am very glad to be working with you.,2.He pretended to

12、be reading when his mother came into his room.,不定式的进行式表示正在进行的动作,和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。,动词不定式的时态,动词不定式的时态,.完成式（to have done),1.I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.,2.You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr.Smith.,不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。,巩固练习,1.Several of these washes and dryers are out of

13、 order and_.need to be repairingB.repairing is required of themC.require that they be repaired.D.need to be repaired.,解析：and并列谓语动词，need to be repaired相当于need repairing.,D,2.I wish you had brought your family with you.Ill get them _ next time.A.coming B.to come C.come D.have come,B,解析：使役动词get后跟带to的动词

14、不定式作宾补，let，make,have后跟省to的动词不定式作宾补。,3.We climbed to the top of the tower _a better view of the area.getting B.got C.having got D.to get,D,解析：动词不定式作目的状语，其余几个没这功能。,4.What is the way Smith thought of _ enough money to buy the new house.A.getting B.having got C.being got D.to get,D,解析：名词the way后跟有两个定语，一

15、个是定语从句Smith thought of，一个是动词不定式to get enough money to buy the new house.,5.The young assistant was noticed _ the bank alone last night.A.entering B.enter C.to enter D.entered,C,解析：感官动词后可跟现在分词和省to的动词不定式作宾补。不定式表示全过程，现在分词表示正在进行。在被动语态中用带to的动词不定式作主语补语。,6.Wang Dong wanted to surf the Internet,but his fath

16、er told him _.A.not to do B.not do it C.do not to D.not to,D,解析：tell sb.(not)to do sth.为了避免重复，后面省略了surf the Internet.,7.The party was successful,but we thought it a pity not _ you.A.invite B.to invite C.inviting D.to have invited,D,解析：it为形式宾语，动词不定式作真实宾语，没有邀请这动作发生在晚会前，故用动词不定式的完成式。,小结,要掌握动词不定式的用法，重点要识记和区分一些特殊动词。如哪些动词后跟动词不定式作宾语，哪些动词后跟动名词作宾语；哪些动词后根省to的或带to的不定式作宾补，哪些动词后跟现在分词作宾补等。动词不定式的时态和语态关键要弄清不定式所表示的动作和句子谓语动词所表示动作的时间先后顺序以及动词不定式和句子主语、宾语或所修饰词的关系。,See you next time!,