英语教学法流派(英语).ppt
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1、Schools of English Teaching Methodology,Traditional ApproachStructuralist ApproachHumanistic ApproachDevelopment of Communicative Approach:,Grammar-Translation Method,Direct Method,Situational Approach,Audiolingual Approach,Community Language Learning,Total Physical Response,The Silent Way,Suggestop
2、edia,Communicative Language Teaching,Task-Based Language Teaching,Content-Based Instruction,Overview of ELT Methodology,Grammar-Translation Method,1.Definition2.Background3.Theory 4.The principal characteristics 5.Teaching procedure6.Advantages and disadvantages,The Grammar-Translation Method is a m
3、ethod of foreign or second language teaching which uses translation and grammar study as the main teaching and learning activities.,Definition:,翻译法也叫语法翻译法(Grammar-Translation Method)、阅读法(Reading Method)、古典法(Classical Method)。翻译法最早是在欧洲用来教授古典语言希腊语和拉丁语的外语教学方法,到18世纪末和19世纪中期开始被用来教授现代语言。翻译法的教学目的是培养学生阅读外国文
4、学作品的能力和模仿范文进行写作的能力。其突出的特点是:教师用母语授课,授课重点是讲解与分析句子成分和语音、词汇变化与语法规则。,It was first used in the teaching of the classical languages of Latin and Greek.In the 16th century,grammar analysis became the basic way in foreign language teaching in Europe.Until the 19th century,grammar translation method became wi
5、dely approved and used in the whole world.,Background,1.Understanding and memorization of complicated grammatical rules of languages were regarded as important means of development mentality.2.Grammar is regarded as the core of language,grammar is the main content in classroom.3.The language was reg
6、arded as a body of esteemed knowledge to be learned with an emphasis on intellectual rigor.,Theoretical base,1.The focus on classroom is teaching and practices of grammar of the target language.2.Language skills are emphasized reading and writing but little or no systematic attention is paid to spea
7、king and listening.3.The native language is overused.There is little use of the target language.4.the teacher emphasizes accuracy rather than fluency.,Characteristics,1.复习:默写单词;个别与集体背诵上一课课文第几段等等。2.教授新词:教师课前将本课新词的英语、音标和汉语解释写在小黑板上(或卡片上)。上课时按单词表逐字讲解。学生跟教师朗读英语单词后,教师说汉语,学生说英语单词,或反之。3.讲授语法(规则动词现在进行时):教师讲解
8、动词现代进行时的意义及其变化规则后,在黑板上写出课文中的动词原形,要求学生将它们转换成现在分词,再变成现在进行时。,Procedure,4.讲解课文:教师逐句念课文,要求学生分析语法与翻译成汉语。教师随时纠正学生的错误。5.巩固新课:学生跟教师逐句朗读课文后,教师根据课文提问,学生按课文内容回答。6.布置作业:拼写单词;语法填空;背诵某段课文。,This method would begin with a massive bilingual vocabulary list.Grammar points would come directly from the texts and be pres
9、ented contextually in the textbook,to be explained elaborately by the instructor.,Procedure,Grammar thus provided the rules for assembling words into sentences.Tedious translation and grammar drills would be used to exercise and strengthen the knowledge without much attention to content.Sentences wo
10、uld be deconstructed and translated.,E.g.:ThenextmorningIhadabadaccidentwiththe sledandhurtmyleg.Icouldntstandonmyleftlegandmyheadwaswoozyfromhittingtheground.ButIknewthatIhadtogetup.Lyingontheice,Iwouldsoondie.IstruggledtomykneesknowingthatsomehowI hadtoputmytentupforshelter.OnhandsandkneesIgotupan
11、ddraggedmysleepingbagintothetent andlaydownoutofthecoldwind.,Eventually,entire texts would be translated from the target language into the native language and tests would often ask students to replicate classical texts in the target language.Very little attention was placed on pronunciation or any c
12、ommunicative aspects of the language.,Advantages,1.It can help students to have a better understanding of the meaning of abstract words and complicated sentences.2.It can foster students ability of reading comprehension and producing grammatically correct sentences and develop students ability of an
13、alyzing and solving problems.,3.The Grammar-Translation makes few demands on teachers although it often creates frustration for students.,Disadvantage,1.The method by definition has a very limited scope of objectives.2.Through grammar translation,students lacked an active role in the classroom.,The
14、Direct Method,1.Definition2.Background3.Theory 4.The principal characteristics 5.Teaching procedure6.Advantages and disadvantages,Definition,The Direct Method is the learning of language in a relevant setting.No translation is allowed.Meaning is to be conveyed directly into the second language throu
15、gh demonstration and visual aids.,Background,In the late 19th century in Europe,for economic development,the communication among nations became more frequent.Foreign language learning was highly demanded.Oral communication became the main goal of foreign language teaching.It was developed as a respo
16、nse to the Grammar-Translation method.,直接法是在19世纪后半叶作为语法翻译法的对立物在西欧出现的,主要代表人物是贝力兹(M.D.Berlitz)、艾盖尔特(B.Eggert)和帕默(H.E.Palmer)。直接法也叫自然法(Natural Method)、心理法(Psychological Method)、口语法(Oral Method)、改良法(Reformed Method),Use the natural way to communicate,like a baby learning its mother tongue.The learning o
17、f grammar/translating skills should be avoided because they involve the application of the MT.,Theoretical base,Classroom instruction was conducted exclusively in the target language.Only everyday vocabulary and sentences were taught.Grammar was taught inductively.New teaching points were introduced
18、 orally.Concrete vocabulary is taught through demonstration,objects,and pictures.Abstract vocabulary is taught by association of ideas.6.The learner is actively involved in using the language in realistic everyday situations.7.Students are encouraged to think in the target language.,Characteristics,
19、1.讲授新词:教师进入课堂后用英语问候学生,并就日常生活题材与学生进行简单的问答式会话。然后,自然进入讲授新词阶段。先利用教室内与新词有关的实物引出新词,再出示课前准备的图片,用英语简单描述新词意义。学生理解后在与教师对话中使用新词。2.语法练习:通过学生生活进行。教师先请一学生(张三)起立,然后用动词现在进行时描述:,Procedure,T:Zhang,please stand up.(After Zhang stood up.)T:(To the class):Now Zhang is standing,but you are all sitting.T:(To Zhang):Zhang,
20、please go to the door.T:(To the class,while Zhang is walking to the door):Now Zhang is walking to the door.,用不同的动词做了类似的练习后,教师总结规则与不规则的动词现在分词变化规律及动词现在进行时的构成与意义。3.根据教师示范,学生两人一组,一个说英语。一个做动作,练习动词现在进行时。4.教授新课文:教师出示一幅表述课文内容的图画。一边讲解图画,一边检查学生是否理解。讲解后根据图画提问,要求学生回答。5.学生两人一组根据图画提问与回答。全班唱一首英语歌结束一课。,Advantage,Ss
21、 correct pronunciation and better oral skills are developed because no native language is used.,Disadvantage,1 Major fallacy of Direct Method was belief that second language should be learned in way in which first language was acquired-by total immersion technique.But obviously far less time and opp
22、ortunity in schools,compared with small child learning his mother tongue.2It takes much time for teachers to explain complicated words.,The Audio-Lingual Approach,1.Definition2.Background3.Theory 4.The principal characteristics 5.Teaching procedure6.Advantages and disadvantages,Definition,It emphasi
23、zes the teaching of listening and speaking before reading and writing.It uses dialogues as the main form of language presentation and drills as the main training techniques.Mother tongue is discouraged in the classroom,Background,1.developed in the U.S.during the Second World War2.The government com
24、missioned American universities to develop foreign language program to supply the war.Army Specialized Training Programmer(ASTP)3.The objectives of the programmer were for students to attain conversational proficiency,Structural Linguistics and Behaviorism,Theoretical base,1.It features memorization
25、 of dialogues,pattern drills,and emphasis on pronunciation.2.It emphasizes transform practice and repeated practice,forming language habits.3.Foreign language teaching should as far as possible reducing or limiting native language interference.4.Electronic teaching method is widely used.,Characteris
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