前列腺癌英文版精品医学课件.ppt
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1、Carcinoma of prostate,Epidemiology(流行病学),The morbility is very high in the west country,it is the most high incidence of the males.more prevalent in black malesThe second disease which cause deathThe disease incidence is becoming higher and higher in China,2015年美国预测发病人数220,800人,Globoscan statistics,
2、2012,CA Cancer J Clin 2015;00:00-00,etiology(病因学),The cause of prostate cancer is still unknown genetic,hormonal,dietary,environmental influences.(遗传、内分泌、饮食、环境因素)positive family history,pathology,98%are adenocarcinoma(腺癌)Others are transitional-cell carcinoma(移行细胞癌)squamous-cell carcinoma(鳞状细胞癌)undi
3、fferentiated carcinoma(未分化癌),pathology,60-70%peripheral zone10-20%transition zone5%-10%central zoneGleason score:2-4 well differentiation 5-7 moderate differentiation 8-10 poor differentiation,more maligant,metastasis,hematogenous metastasis:vertebral column,pelvis lymphatic metastasis direct invasi
4、on,Symptoms and signs,No symptoms:early stagebladder outlet obstruction 60%Previously:50%with the signs of metastasesNow:fewer than 20%,because of earlier diagnosis,terminal symptoms,Anemia 贫血Asthenia 衰弱edema of lower extremity 下肢浮肿Difficult defecation 排便困难Osteodynia 骨痛Fracture 骨折Spinal compression
5、脊柱压迫,staging,Can not feel by the finger,How to diagnose the PC?,Laboratory findings,Prostate-specific antigen(前列腺特异性抗原,PSA)is elevated in 60%patientsPSA above 4ng/mL is abnormalMethods for enhancing PSA:参考正常值 age-specific PSA 0.75ng/(mly)PSA density 0.15 percent-free PSA 16%Total PSA is useful for s
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