自动化专业英语.ppt
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1、自动化,2023年3月31日7时3分,2,学习的重要性,自动化教材主要包括电子技术、控制理论、计算 机控制技术、电力传动、过程控制等内容,涵盖了自动化专业各个发展方向。,近年来,随着自动化技术的 发展,先进的自动化设备和产品不断出现,国外许多 企业 的产品和设备的使用手册及说明书都是用 英文 编写的,此外,优秀的仿真软件、前沿学科的研究论文、自动化专业优秀教材、互联网上大量的专业技术信息等多数也是英文的。,2023年3月31日7时3分,3,科技英语翻译概述,科技英语文体的特点1.词汇特征,客观,表意精确,简明扼要,相对固定,具有国际通用性,如:copper end rings alternat
2、ing current field winding output modern control system,铜端环,交流电 AC,励磁绕组,输出,现代控制系统,2023年3月31日7时3分,4,科技英语翻译概述,科技英语文体的特点 2.语法、句法特征,The signal levels inside power amplifier are so much larger than these weak inputs that even the slightest leakage from the output back to the input may cause problem 功率放大器中
3、的信号幅度比微弱的输入信号大的多,即使输出的极微小的泄露传输到输入端,都会引发一些问题,陈述客观事实,多用一般现在时和被动语态;多使用介词短语,不定式短语同位语从句、定语从句等修饰;常用it形式主语句型,2023年3月31日7时3分,5,科技英语翻译概述,科技英语文体的特点 2.语法、句法特征,For example,it is the convention with loudspeakers that the volume of the sound should be set by the voltage applied to the speaker.例如,扬声器的音量通常是受所加电压控制。
4、,陈述客观事实,多用一般现在时和被动语态;多使用介词短语,不定式短语同位语从句、定语从句等修饰;常用it形式主语句型,2023年3月31日7时3分,6,科技英语翻译的标准与原则,2.语句通顺流畅、简洁自然,语言 通俗易懂、符合译入语规范,1.忠实原文,2023年3月31日7时3分,7,搞好科技英语翻译应具备的条件,1.科学严谨的态度2.良好的英语语言基础3.熟练地驾驭汉语的能力4.广博的专业及相关领域的知识5.必要的英语翻译理论和技巧6.大量实践经验的积累,2023年3月31日7时3分,8,严俊仁.科技英语翻译技巧.北京:国防工业出版社,2000王宏文等.自动化教程.北京:机械工业出版社,20
5、03朱月珍.英语科技学术论文撰写与投稿.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2001,Lesson 1 Analog Amplifiers,New words and phrases 1.analog n.类似物 adj.模拟的2.amplifier n.电工扩音器,放大器3.illustrate vt.举例说明,阐明 vi.举例4.audio adj.音频的 n.音响,声音信号5.Hi-Fi n.具有高保真度 6.fidelity n.忠实,诚实,逼真度7.minidisk n.小型磁盘,2023年3月31日7时3分,10,8.approximate adj.近似的 vi.近似,接近9.provide
6、d that 假如,在的条件下10.of the order of 大约,左右11.FM abbr.调频12.tuner n.调谐器,调音者,定弦者13.moderatelyadv.适度地,稳健地14.oscilloscopen.物示波镜,示波管15.voltmeter n.伏特计,电压表16.milliwatt n.毫瓦17.milliamperen.电毫安培18.a.c.abbr.(略语)交流电,2023年3月31日7时3分,11,19.gain n.增益 vt.得到 vi.获利,增加20.voltage gain 电压增益21.impedance n.电阻抗,全电阻22.resistor
7、 n.电电阻,电阻器23.valve n.阀,活门 英电子管 瓣膜24.tube n.管,管子,英地铁25.bipolar adj.双极的,有两极的,两相的26.FET abbr.(略语)场效应管(Field-effect transistor)27.J-FET J型场效应管28.N-channel N沟道29.inverting adj.反相的,倒相的30.boost vt.推进,增加,n.上推,增加,2023年3月31日7时3分,12,31.triode n.电子三极管,真空三极管32.op-amp abbr.(略语)运算放大器33.current adj.当前的 n.涌流,趋势34.in
8、 advance 提前,事前,预先35.simultaneously adv.同时地36.convention n.大会,会议,协定37.overall power总功率38.applied adj.应用的,实用的,施加的39.acoustical adj.听觉的,声学的40.consequence n.结果,逻推理41.sensor n.传感器,灵敏元件42.stimulus n.刺激,刺激物,促进因素,2023年3月31日7时3分,13,43.buffer n.缓冲器,缓冲区vt.缓冲44.in action 在活动,起作用,在运行中45.assert vt.断言,声称,维护,表明46.O
9、hm n.欧姆 电欧姆47.Hz n.赫,赫兹(频率单位:周/秒)赫兹48.demanding adj.过分要求的,苛求的,2023年3月31日7时3分,14,At the most basic level,a signal amplifier does exactly what you expect it makes a signal bigger!However,the way in which it is done does vary with the design of the actual amplifier,the type of signal,and the reason why
10、 we want to enlarge the signal.1 We can illustrate this by considering the common example of a“Hi-Fi”audio system.,Lesson 1 Analog Amplifiers,2023年3月31日7时3分,15,In a typical modern Hi-Fi:system,the signals will come from a unit like a CD player,FM tuner,or a Tape/Minidisk unit.The signals they produc
11、e have typical levels of the order of 100 mV or so when the music is moderately loud.This is a reasonably large voltage,easy to detect with something like an oscilloscope or a voltmeter.However,the actual power levels of these signals are quite modest.Typically,these sources can only provide current
12、s of a few milliamps,which by PVI means powers of just a few milliwatts.A typical loudspeaker will require between a few Watts and perhaps over 100 Watts to produce loud sound.Hence we will require some form of Power Amplifier(PA)to“boost”the signal power level from the source and make it big enough
13、 to play the music.,2023年3月31日7时3分,16,Fig.1.1 shows four examples of simple analog amplifier stages using various types of device.In each case the a.c.voltage gain will usually be approximated by AvR1/R2(1-1)provided that the actual device has an inherent gain large enough to be controlled by the re
14、sistor values chosen.Note the negative sign in expression 1-1 which indicates that the examples all invert the signal pattern when amplifying.2 In practice,gains of the order of up to hundred are possible from simple circuits like this,although it is usually a good idea to keep the voltage gain belo
15、w this.Note also that vacuum state devices tend to be called“valves”in the UK and“tubes”in the USA.,2023年3月31日7时3分,17,Many practical amplifiers chain together a series of analog amplifier stages to obtain a high overall voltage gain.For example,a PA system might start with voltages of the order of 0
16、.1 mV from microphones,and boost this to perhaps 10 to 100 V to drive loudspeakers.This requires an overall voltage gain of 106,so a number of voltage gain stages will be required.,2023年3月31日7时3分,18,In many cases we wish to amplify the current signal level as well as the voltage.The example we can c
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