同等学力英语词汇讲义PPT.ppt

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1、同等学力英语词汇,Are you ready for the HOTTEST of the HOT WORDS?你准备好高频词了吗?,containing more than 6220TEST level words that have been taken off high-frequency date-base of words and off of recent TEST tests.Additional TEST words are featured in the exercise.掌握约6220个英语词汇和约600个常用词组。对其中的2360个词汇要求熟练掌握，即能在口语交际、写作和

2、翻译中准确地运用；其余词汇则要求能在阅读中识别和理解。,题型介绍,A节包括10题，形式为单句选择替换。要求考生对单句中带下划线的一个词或词组进行替换选择，即从所给的4个备选答案中选出一个最佳替换词或词组。Eg,This medicine will ensure you a good nights sleep.A.assure B.secure C reassure D.insure（ensure保证确保，secure保证使某人得到某物assure说服某人相信,insure给上保险）,题型介绍,B节包括10题，形式为单句选择填空。要求考生根据句意从所给的4个备选答案中选出最佳答案，填入空白处，使

3、句子完整。Eg,When we_ a building,we should provide an entrance suitable for wheelchairs on the ground floor,as well as lifts,suitable bathrooms and toilets.A.design B.assign C.resign D.sign,题型介绍,在词汇题中，单词与词组的比例基本上为7：3。单词多为名词、动词、形容词和副词；词组多数是由常用词组成但赋予了新意的词组以及一些习惯用法、固定搭配和成语等。原则上讲，所测词汇不会超过新大纲词汇表的范围，测试重点是新大纲词汇

4、表(6220个英语词汇和约600个常用词组)中除去最常用的2360个积极词汇（positive words）以外的3000多个单词和词组。其特点是要求考生能区别形近异义词、近义词、词性的转换、词义的引申以及由常用词构成的词组和习惯用法等。,真题分析：,2008年试卷的词汇部分的30题中有8个是词组，其中有6个是动词词组，词组占总题量的27%左右；所考单词中，动词数量为4个，形容词4个名词4个，副词1个。2007年试卷词汇部分的30题中，有7个是词组，其中绝大多数为动词词组，词组占总题量的23%左右；单词中名词为4个，动词为5个，形容词为4个，副词为1个。单词中90%以上不在2360个要求熟练掌

5、握的积极词汇中。,复习与答题对策：,通过对真题词汇部分的分析，我们可以看出所测词汇的特点：A.所测词汇绝大部分是新大纲非积极词汇的词；B.选择项多为形近或近义词的辨析。在答词汇题时应注意以下几点：,1认真阅读全局，理解全句的确切意思。,例如：The three branches of government the legislative,the executive,and the restrain and stabilize one another through their separated functions.A.lawful B.just C.judicial D.legal该题的四个

6、选择项都与法律有关，到底应该用哪个，要看其微型语言环境。这里是指政府的司法部门，因此只能用judicial.,2要充分利用题干所提供的各种信息和线索以及句子中的内在的联系，做出正确的选择。,有些题干的上下文提示了句子前后部分的因果关系、逻辑关系、语义关系（相近或相反），这样如果我们理解了句子的一部分，就能对另一部分做出预测和判断，这样有助于得出正确答案。例如：As skies fill with millions of migrating birds,European scientists say the seasonal miracle appears to depend on a seem

7、ing.The fatter the birds,the more efficiently it flies.A.interruption B.description C.qualification D.contradiction该句后半部分已告诉我们：鸟越胖，飞行的效率就越高。因此，我们可以肯定前半句中空出的内容一定是看似矛盾的事物，故此选contradiction.,3要充分利用所学过的构词法知识，如词根和词缀，来识别派生词,特别要注意表示否定或肯定的词缀所表明的确切意思，因为在考试的词汇题中可能会出现一些新大纲词汇表中单词加词缀构成的派生词。这些词虽然在新大纲词汇表之外，但命题时是不会把

8、它们作为超纲词来对待的，因为新大纲要求考生具有一定的构词法知识。因此在复习词汇时应该注意把前缀后缀加进去同时记忆。(1)加前缀的词，如：war(战争)antiwar(反战)normal(正常)abnormal(不正常)(2)加后缀的词，如：sense(感官、意义)sensible(明智的，合理的，可感觉的)short(短的)shortage(缺乏),4复习词汇的方法,首先复习新大纲中规定掌握的约6220个英语词汇和约600个常用词组，并划出自己还没有掌握的部分。没有掌握的部分通常是较难的词，也正是可能要考的词汇。记忆词汇也要有方法。前面我们提到词汇题中的选择项很多是形相近、意相异的词，或是形相

9、异，意相近的词。词组很多是由同一动词加上不同的介词或副词组成的词组。这样，我们可以把有关的词联系在一起进行记忆，这样考试时就更容易区别这些单词和词组的意思。,4复习词汇的方法,（1）近形词对照法（2）近意词比较（3）词根词缀法（4）口诀记忆法（5）形象含义联想（6）故事联想（7）谐音,（1）近形词对照法,(1)把形相近、意相异的词放在一起记忆，如：imagine v.想象；设想image n.形象；肖像imagery n.文学形象化的描述，比喻imaginable a.可能的；可想象的imaginary a.虚构的，想象出来的imagination n.想象力,近形词区别,coast海岸，海滨

10、roast在火上烤，烘boast夸耀，自夸toast干杯，祝酒在海岸coast线上烧烤roast，为吹嘘boast自己干杯toast,近形词区别,prefer v.喜欢(prefer to)infer v.推断refer v.涉及，参照，指的是，(refer to)offer v.主动提出做(a job offer,offer sb.to do sth.),近形词区别,preserve v.维持；保留；保存(a.order维持秩序 b.old building 保留旧建筑c.dead body保存)conserve v.保存体力，保存精力(a.conservative Englishman保守

11、的英国人)reserve v.保留，预定.票(a.reserve seats b.)deserve v.值得,近形词区别,clash(=conflict)v.冲突crush v.压碎，榨碎crash v.击碎，飞机失事smash v.捣毁,近形词区别,economical adj.节约的economic adj.经济的economy n.经济economics n.经济学,近形词区别,favorite adj.最喜好的favorable adj.有利的favorably adv.有利地favor n.偏爱，赞赏,近形词区别,conceive(conceive an idea)v.设想，想出pe

12、rceive v.感知,洞察力receive v.收到deceive v.欺骗,近形词区别,adapt使适应，使适合eg,The children have adapted well to life in the country.adopt收养领养小孩；(eg,She was adopted as a baby.)采用采纳;eg,The committee adopted her suggestions.adept adj.熟练的精通的，内行，熟手，名家eg,be careful when you play cards with him,hes very adept at cheating.,

13、近形词区别,complement补充，补充物compliment恭维，赞扬爱(i)赞扬(compliment),e补充complement,近形词区别,altitude 海拔magnitude 巨大的multitude 很多，许多aptitude 天赋，才能(eg,she has a real aptitude for maths),近形词区别,optimal 最佳的，最理想的(an optimal choice)optional 选择的optical 视力的，光学的optimistic 乐观的(pessimistic),近形词区别,deduce(=conclude)推断，推论reduce 减

14、少，缩小induce(induce sb.to do sth.)诱劝，引诱produce 生产,近形词区别,be convicted of 证明 有罪convinced that 使 信服conceived 构思，构想condemned 谴责,近形词区别,transaction(buy and sell,trade)交易transition(a city in transition)变化，过度transmission 播放电视节目，传送装置transportation 交通,近形词区别,devastated adj.破坏力极强的deserved adj.值得的desperate adj.极度绝

15、望的，极坏的(a desperate criminal)devoted adj.投入的，深爱的(a devoted father),近形词区别,literate有学问的人iterate重申，重述adulterate掺杂illiterate文盲preliterate无文字记录的obliterate擦掉，磨掉或刷掉,近形词区别,abstinence节制,节欲,戒酒aesthetic美学的.审美的,有审美感的,美的affable和蔼的，容易接近的affinity亲密关系affray（尤指在公共场所的）吵架，打架,近形词区别,endemic地方性的engender产生，引起；形成engrossing引

16、人入胜的，极有趣的entangle使纠缠，卷入,近形词区别,insert插入，接入desert遗弃；抛弃assertion主张，断言，声,近形词区别,subside下沉，沉淀，平息insidious阴险的assiduous勤勉的，刻苦的assimilate吸收，消化；使同化,近形词区别,apprehensive理解的approach着手；提议；接近arbitrary任意的，武断的，独裁的，专断的architect建筑师，设计者aristocrat贵族,近形词区别,afflict使痛苦，折磨af一再+flict打击inflict予以（打击等），使受（痛苦等）in在内+flict打击conflic

17、t斗争，冲突 抵触，冲突con共同的+flict打击,近形词区别,strain大街下雨为拉紧restrain反复拉紧为限制stain拉紧少r是污点constrain共同拉紧是束缚Eg,The rope broke under the strain.,近形词区别,lizard蜥蜴blizzard暴风雪wizard男巫；天才,近形词区别,boggle犹豫mingle混合；混入sparkle闪烁startle震惊,见word 1,（2）同义词、近意词比较,(2)把意思相近或内容相关的词汇一起记忆。如：与法律相关的词law n.法律；法则lawyer n.律师lawful a.合法的,abolish,

18、cancel,annul,extinguish废除，使不实行,abolish适用于活动制度社会机构的废除cancel取消已经安排好的计划，预定好的事情Many companies wish that nations would abolish their customs.许多公司都希望各国能废除关税annul“通过权势取消”“宣告法律契约等无效”extinguish“用压服性的武力等手段使之毁灭”,intimidate,menace,frighten,threaten,威胁,恐吓,menace威胁“以态度或动作等表示要迫害某人”frighten使惊恐，吓唬，使人感到害怕threaten构成威胁

19、，恐吓“扬言将以伤害或惩罚迫使某人去做，不做某事”,baffle,frustrate,thwart,balk困惑，阻碍，为难，“阻止某人做某事”,The examination question baffled me completely and I couldnt answer it.考试题完全把我难住了，我答不上来。frustrate“尽一切努力使计划成为泡影”thwart“阻挠某人正在做的事”baffle“通过混乱使别人受阻”The absence of clues baffled the policebalk they balked the robbers plan缺乏线索使警察受阻。

20、,vanish,disappear,fade,vanish into thin air 突然消失If people dont protect natural,many types of animals will vanish from the earth.如果人类不保护自然，许多动物将要从地球消失disappear一般的消失fade渐渐地消失vanish“化为乌有”彻底消失,absurd,foolish,silly,ridiculous荒唐的，不合理的，可笑的，愚蠢的,absurd不符合人情或常识的,foolish缺乏智慧和判断力,silly单纯糊涂低能的,ridiculous荒谬的令人发笑的

21、an absurd opinion谬见It was absurd of you to suggest such a thing.你居然建议这样的事，太可笑了What a foolish suggestion!多么荒唐的建议I cant stand her giggling,shes so silly.她吃吃地笑，真叫我受不了，那样子傻通了How ridiculous!真滑稽1,torture,afflict,agonize,excruciate,rack torment,给人带来巨大的伤害或打击,the torture of waiting in suspense.在不知结果的等待的痛苦aff

22、licted with arthritis苦于关节炎agonizing pain极度的痛苦excruciating spasms of neuralgia极为痛苦的神经痛racked with cancer为癌症所苦tormented by migraine headaches受偏头痛的折磨tortured by painful emotions为痛苦的感情所绕,abandon,放弃放任狂热 desert,forsake,abandon oneself to沉溺于，陷入With the development of the society,more and more young people

23、abandon themselves to the network.abandon失去控制，丧失了占有的能力，或放弃某物而不准备再要了desert“过去占有过”“过去是伙伴”“抛弃自己的义务”forsake通常与某人或某物脱离联系,同义词与近意词的替代,abuse滥用-misuse,ill-treat,use improperlyabolish抛弃废弃-elimininate,extinguish,invalidate,do away with,put an end toaccident事故-incident,mishap,chance,luckaccess接近，途径 admittance,a

24、pproach,entrance,short-cutaccept接受receive,consent to,admit,accede to,acknowledge,accomplish完成achieve,realize,execute,fulfill,implementaccount考虑计算 account for,account to,think,consider,regard,look upon asaccumulate积累gather together,pile up,amass,congregate,assemble,cumulate,collect,同义词与近意词的替代,（4）口诀记忆

25、法,graceglittergraingrope比赛race的哥哥真优美grace;垃圾litter前的哥哥放光彩glitter雨rain前的哥哥捡谷粒grain；绳前rope的哥哥在摸索grope,口诀记忆法,delicate adj.脆弱的dedicate vt.奉献intricate adj.复杂的错综的indicate vt.指出显示黛玉美丽Deli 脆弱delicate;爹爹dedi奉献一生dedicate;三角Intri恋爱复杂intricate;里面in弟弟di提示indicate,口诀记忆法,fizzle v.发出嘶嘶声，失败drizzle v.下毛毛雨guzzle v.大吃大

26、喝nuzzle v.紧挨；依偎飞来Fi嘶嘶之声fizzle；掉下dri毛毛细雨drizzle；故意gu大吃大喝guzzle；哪nu会与你偎依nuzzle,口诀记忆法,French n.法国人trench n.壕沟wrench vt.扭伤drench vt.湿透法国人french把他t扔进了壕沟trench，我w把壕沟trench的他扭伤wrench，导入水中湿透drench,口诀记忆法,postulate假设insulate使绝缘，隔离circulate循环emulate竞争张贴post邮件要假设postulate，里面in有蛇si才绝缘nsulate，圆形circ在前是循环 circulat

27、e，爱慕em在前才竞争emulate,口诀记忆法,dangle悬挂，吊胃口tangle混乱状态wangle得到取得wrangle争论，激辩，吵架spangle闪光吊d胃口dangle，他t混乱tangle，我w得到wangle，我w与花r吵架wrangle，专家sp在前才闪光spangle,（5）形象含义联想,loom vi.隐约出现（l“高高的个子oo大大的眼睛m漂亮的妹妹隐隐呈现”或“100米以外的妹妹看不清楚”）bloom使开花，使茂盛（b“不是loom隐隐呈现，而是遍地“开花”）gloom adj.黑暗，忧郁，使黑暗，使朦胧（g“哥哥想找loom这样的妹妹找不到”“忧郁”）doom厄运

28、（）,形象含义联想,innocent adj.清白的，无罪的天真的，单纯的（in“兜里no没有cent一分钱”）,（6）故事联想,conceive构思，考虑perceive察觉receive接受；收到deceive欺骗John的经商意识John是我们Cambridge的校长。一次开会他说：“明天是我生日，大家不要送我礼物了。”他在conceive of a plan来提醒大家，我们这些老师都很聪明，大家都察觉（perceive）到了他计划。玫瑰是所有礼物中最便宜的，于是我们大家纷纷送他玫瑰。John便受到（receive）了一车玫瑰。于是Johnconceive of a new plan。他

29、用三轮车将玫瑰运送到住宿部，发给每个学生，说：“今天是我的生日，请同学们为我祝福。”学生一看偶像过生日纷纷解囊，买了各种小玩具送给John。John将玩具拉到闹市区卖掉了，终于拿到想要的东西。天真可爱的学生就这样被骗（deceive）了。这件是给我门的启示是：人要有经商意识。John如果在闹市区买玫瑰，收入很微，但他用了商业中最为原始的东西以物易物。由这件小是可以看出，John很有经商意识。,故事联想,acclaim喝彩，欢呼ac一再+claim喊proclaim宣布，声明pro再前+claim喊reclaim矫正，使改悔re+claimexclaim惊叫，呼喊ex+claimclaim认领，

30、索赔elude躲避，逃避declaim朗读，巧辩,故事联想,Charles是个很受欢迎（acclaim）的老师，每次出场都有女生尖叫（exclaim).因为工作忙，没注意个人卫生，头发乱，学生吓得夺门而逃（elude），书丢了，回到管理员取回（reclaim），并在网上发帖子谴责(declaim)他.有人朗读(declaim)给他.他宣布(proclaim)要剪头发.,（7）谐音,Flee vi 逃走（”飞离”）Cease v.停息，停止（“息死”）Champion 冠军(“我们产品得了冠军”)Chill 寒冷，寒意的（因寒冷打喷嚏“啊球”）Colony 殖民地（“靠了你”）Curse 诅咒，

31、（“克死”）Ambition雄心，野心（“俺必胜”）,（7）谐音,ponderous笨重的，冗长的（“胖的要死”笨重的）,（7）谐音,frugal“一块腐乳就够了”节俭的Exhaust“一个早死的他”-精疲力竭的,考点归类,（一）近形词区别（二）近义词区别（三）固定搭配,考点归类,本考试的词汇部分主要是同义词、近义词及短语的辨析，因而主要使要求理解、应用、学会辨析所学的词汇。英语中存在着丰富的同义词、同意结构体系和手段。这是个学习难点。英语的同义词可分四类：1.英美同义词2.英语和外来语3.部分同义词4.同义表达手段（3和4是我们的重点难点）,考点归类,3.部分同义词：这些同义词之间有“共核”

32、的部分，在特定的上下文中，其共核部分可以互代。Eg1,if he told his wife about their plan,she was bound to agree.A.would unnecessary b.would simply c.would alternatively d.would certainly(本题中，certainly 和bound差异很大，但此处有共同点，“肯定会同意”，故可以互代。)(2000),部分同义词,eg2,It is necessary to _the factory as it is increasing its business.A.expand

33、 b.increase c.lengthen d.widen(本题考的不是词意的共核，而是其间的差异)eg3,Readers are required to abide by the rules of the library and mind their manners.A.observe b.memorize c.review pose(2006),部分同义词,Eg4,She belives that she is not a good mother because she does not fit the stereotype of a woman who spends all her t

34、ime with her children.A.popular mon standard c.fixed conception d.pleasant notion(2006),部分同义词,Eg5,Two decades ago a woman who shook hands with men on her own_ was usually viewed as too forward.A.endeavor b.initiative c.motivation d.preference（endeavor努力，initiative主动的，motivation动机，preference喜好，偏爱，20年

35、前一个女人若主动与男人握手被认为过分）,部分同义词,Eg6,The statue would be perfect but for a few small _ in its base.A.mistakes b.weakness c.flaws d.errors(flaws指玻璃玉器有裂纹或瑕疵，mistakes 和errors指人的错误，weakness指人的弱点),第四类同义词,第四类同义词，可能不是词语，而是“同义表达手段”和“惯用型的词组”。Eg1,A love marriage,however,does not necessarily _ much sharing of interes

36、ts and responsibilities.a.take over b.result in c.hold on d.keep to（恋爱或婚姻并不一定能造成双方兴趣和责任的分享。）,第四类同义词,eg2.The reforms of the personnel management system brought about great increase in the economic efficiency of the enterprise.A.took on b.resulted in c.resulted from d.took place（人事管理制度的改革带来了企业经济效益的提高。

37、Resulted in表结果 resulted from表原因）,考点归类,综上所述，同义词或近义词的词语测试中，主要考学生的一下能力：1.同义词辨析2.同义词替代3.同义词释义4.近义词附加小品词辨析5.易混词辨析6.同义结构替代,考点归类,1.同义词辨析:eg1,The survival_ of some wild animals is not very high as they are ruthlessly hunted for their skins.A.rate b.degree c.ratio d.scale(四个词都有“比率、比和度量”的含义。“野生动物幸存下来的数量与实际数量之

38、比率”birth rate,death rate，the ratio of nursing staff to doctors is 3 to 1.）,考点归类,1.同义词辨析eg2,Music often _ us of events in the past.A.remembers b.memorizes c.reminds d.reflects(“使人想起从前的事”),考点归类,2.同义词替代：eg1,We thought Janes performance was particularly good.A.especially b.unbelievably c.necessarily d.u

39、nexpectedly,考点归类,3.同义词释义:eg1,Mr.Thompson has been a diplomat for over forty years.A.a president of university b.a representative of his government c.a leader of a symphony orchestra d.a doctor specializing in childrens problems,考点归类,3.同义词释义Eg2,All the dancing girls left the ballroom simultaneously.A

40、.in a great harry b.all of sudden c.at the same time d.once for all,考点归类,4.近义词附加小品词辨析:eg1,We all know that in a situation like this a cool head is _.A.called for b.called off c.called on d.called up(call for 要求call off 取消call on拜访 call up应招入伍),考点归类,5.易混词辨析：to hung loosely a.mingle b.crumble c.dangle

41、 d.wriggle(mingle混合eg,mingled joy and sorrow,the king often left his palace at night and mingled with the people.Crumble崩溃，裂成碎片 dangle 悬垂wriggle蠕动扭动,hung loosely“悬着”),考点归类,6.同义结构替代：eg1,We no longer keep up the close friendship of a few years ago though we still visit each other on occasion.A.in good

42、 time b.up to date c.now and then d.once and for all,（一）近形词区别,2005年The destruction an earthquake causes depends on its _and duration,or the amount of shaking that occurs.A.altitude B.magnitude C.multitudeD.aptitude The choice for a consumer,therefore,is the choice among the available ones that will

43、enable him or her to maximize utility.A.optimal B.optional C.opticalD.optimistic,近形词区别,2004年29.From observers estimates of the brightness of the fireball,he _ that the body in the space was between 40 feet and 260 feet in diameter.A.deducedB.reducedC.inducedD.produced 32.Among picture books for 4-8-

44、year-olds,several outstanding works appeared that combined original stories with _ illustrations.A.imaginableB.imaginativeC.imagingD.imageless,近形词区别,2003年39.Tom was of a crime he didnt commit.He fought for many years to clear his name.A.convictedB.convincedC.conceivedD.condemned,近形词区别,40.Actor Pierc

45、e Brosnan may play the deadly super spy in the movies,but in real life he is a father and a loving husband.A.devastatedB.deservedC.desperateD.devoted,近形词区别,2001年34Other guests at yesterdays opening,which was broadcast _ by the radio station,included the Governor and the Mayer AaliveBliveClivelyDlivi

46、ng,近形词区别,35The manager was told when he was _ that his was a pressure job AappointedBpointedCassignedDdisappointed1999年34The first step before making any decision to _ was to determine exactly who did the killing AinterveneBintensifyCinteractDintegrate,近形词区别,1998年26Anyone who can study abroad is for

47、tunate；but，of course，it is not easy to make the _ from one culture to another AtransactionBtransitionCtransmissionDtransportation28How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas can be _ to tourist spending旅游花费?(旅游胜地的商店的占多大的比例,在旅游消费中?)AattributedBappliedCcontributedDattached,近

48、形词区别,1996年25It is during summer breaks that we first taste the satisfaction of work that _ into hard currency.稳定的货币(暑假期间我们头一次尝到了满意工作换来的钱的滋味)A.transfersB.translatesC.transmitsD.transplants,（二）近义词区别,2004年28.The three branches of government-the legislative,the executive,and the _-restrain and stabilize

49、 one another through their separated functions.A.lawfulB.justC.judicialD.legal,近义词区别,2003年33.Finding out about these universities has become easy for anyone with Internet.A.entranceB.admissionC.accessD.entry,近义词区别,2002年31.This great project at the Three Gorges of the Yangtze is expected to _ twenty

50、years to complete.A.spendB.consumeC.needD.take,近义词区别,33.The _ of lung cancer肺癌的影响范围 is particularly high among long-term heavy smokers,especially chain smokers.A.incidentB.accidentC.incidenceD.evidence,近义词区别,34.Nothing is so certain as the fashion market where one style _ over another before being r