考研翻译真题详解.ppt

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1、考研英语翻译真题详解,解题基本步骤一、拆分二、翻译三、组合,1 基本原则：把主句和从句拆分出来，把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。2 连词：如and,or,but,yet等并列连词连接着并列句；还有连接状语从句的连接词，如：when,as,since,until,before,after,where,because,since,though,although,so that.,关系词：如连接名词性从句的who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever等关系代词和when,where,how,why等关系副词；还有连接定语从句的关系代词，如who,which,

2、that,whom,whose,介词：如on,in,with,at,of,to等介词常常引导介词短语作修饰语，所以它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。分词：V-ed和V-ing可以构成分词短语作修饰语，所以可以是拆分点。标点符号：标点符号常常断开句子的主干和修饰部分，也是一个明显的拆分点。,名词性从句宾语从句（一）用that,what,how,when,which,why,whether,if 等引起的宾语从句，翻译成汉语的时候，一般直译。I told him that because of the last condition,Id have to turn it down.我告诉他，由于那最后一

3、个条件，我只得谢绝。,I dont know how he swam across the river.我不知道他是怎么游过那条河的。He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已经通知我他们将在什么时候谈论我的建议。,（二）用it 作形式宾语的句子，that所引导的宾语从句一般直译；it通常可以不用翻译。I heard it said that he had gone abroad.听说他已经出国了。We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our do

4、or to the outside world.我们认为绝对必要打开国门，实行开放。,插入结构一、副词插入语 二、形容词短语作插入语 三、介词短语作插入语 四、不定式短语作插入结构 五、what we call句型作插入结构,一、副词插入语：直译，一般放在句首Apparently,it is going to rain.很明显，要下雨了。,He was lucky,however,because he was only slightly wounded.然而，他很幸运，因为他只是受了点轻伤。He is young.He has much experience in business,thoug

5、h.他很年轻，但是他有丰富的商业经验。,二、形容词短语作插入语：一般翻译为“的是，”这样的结构。Most important of all,computers create wide communication around the world.最重要的是，计算机在世界范围内建立了广泛的交流。,Strange enough,he doesnt know that famous writer.奇怪的是，他竟然不知道那位著名的作家。I slept late yesterday morning;worse still,my bike was out of order.昨天早上我起晚了。更糟糕的是，我

6、的自行车坏了。,三、介词短语作插入语：一般放到句首China,in fact,has reached and surpassed the world advanced levels in many respects.事实上，中国已经在许多方面达到和超过了世界先进水平。,常见用作插入语的介词短语all in all（总而言之）as a matter of fact（事实上）as a result（结果）at worst（在最坏的情况下）by the way（顺便说一句）first of all（首先）for example（例如）in conclusion（总之，最后）,in fact（事实上）

7、in effect（实际上）in other words（换句话说，换言之）in short（简言之）to ones relief（使某人感到欣慰的是）to ones surprise（使某人感到吃惊的是）,四、不定式短语作插入结构：放到句首It wasnt a very good dinner,to say the least of it.至少可以这样说，这次宴会并不成功。She wrote,to be exact,ten novels in her lifetime.确切地说，她一生写了十部小说。,五、what we call句型作插入结构通常翻译为“所谓的”，可以按照英语原文顺序直接翻译

8、。He is what we call a walking dictionary.他就是所谓的活字典。,类似的句型还有：what is called,what they described as,what they regarded as,as we call it,as we know itMost of what they regarded as geniuses are successful only because they have made extraordinary effort.大部分所谓的天才是由于付出了非凡的努力才获得成功的。,2003年Furthermore,humans

9、 have the ability to modify the environment in which they live,thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.拆分点：一、状语(动词分词thus subjecting)二、定于从句(in which they live)三、后置定语(to modify the environment)四、插入语(furthermore),拆分：Humans have the ability 2)Furthermore;to modify th

10、e environment(ability);thus.fancies.3)In which they live in(environment),单词详解：Furthermore/moreover/in addition/additionally 递进逻辑：此外，进一步而言Modify:修改、更改、调整、改变(revise,adjust),Subject A to B 使A服从于BPeculiar 特有的，独特的，(unique)Fancy n.想象，幻想 vt.喜爱 adj.花哨的，华丽的,组合：主句，直译To modify the environment，放到修饰对象ability之前：.

11、的能力in which they live in,较短的定语从句，放到修饰对象environment 之前Thus.fancies.结果状语，直译。,译文：进一步而言，人们还有改变自己所居住的环境的能力，从而使其他生命形式服从于人类自己独特的想法和喜好（想象）。,Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned,orderly,systematic and dispassioned manner th

12、at natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.拆分点：Which(定语从句)In the samemanner(方式状语)That(定语从句),拆分：Social science is thatenquiry.（主干）Which seeksendeavors.（修饰branch）In the samemanner（方式状语，修饰study）Thatphenomena.（定语从句，修饰manner）,单词详解：Branch:分支，分支机构，分校Intellectual:智力上的（intelligence）Seek to

13、do sth.：试图，力图做某事（注意和seek区别）Enquiry:探索，探寻，询问Endeavor:努力，活动（behavior）,Reasoned:推理的（注意和reasonable，reasoning区别）Orderly:有序的，按顺序的Dispassioned:理性的，客观的（等于objective，注意和impassioned区别）,组合：1）主句直译2）which.较长，逻辑复杂，独立成句3）in the same manner that 可翻译为“像一样的方式）4）that较短，放到manner前面,译文：社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象一样，用理性

14、的，有序的，系统的和客观的方式来研究人类及其行为。或者社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它试图研究人类及其行为，以一种用理性的，有序的，系统的和客观的方式，就像自然科学家研究自然现象一样。,The emphasis on data gathered first-hand,combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present,makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.,拆分点

15、：Combined with.present(过去分词作定语，修饰emphasis)Brought topresent(过去分词作定语，修饰perspective)Gathered first-hand(过去分词作定语，修饰data),拆分：1）The emphasis on data makes this study asocial science.(主干)2）gathered first-hand;combined withpresent(定语emphasis)3）brought topresent(定语perspective),单词详解：Emphasis on：对的强调，可直接翻译为“强

16、调”Be combined with：与相结合，可直接翻译为“加上”Perspective:观点，看法；远景，展望Distinctly:显然地，非常地，一般翻译为“非常”Distinct very differentDistinctiveuniqueDistinctively 特有地，独特地,组合1）on data gathered first-hand,较短的定语，放到emphasis之前2）combined with a cross-cultural perspective,独立的结构，直译3）brought to the analysis of cultures past and pre

17、sent,放到perspective之前4）makesscience 直译,译文：强调一手材料的收集，加上在分析古今文化中所采用（带入）的跨文化的观点，使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。,Tylor defined culture as“that complex whole which includes belief,art,morals,law,custom,and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.拆分点：1)Which2)Acquired bysociety,拆分

18、：1）Tylor defined culture as“that complex whole”主干2）whichhabits(定语从句，修饰complex whole.3）acquired bysociety(过去分词作定语，修饰capabilities and habits),单词详解1）define A as B:把A定义为B2）complex:复杂的，复合的3）capability:能力，产能，载重，容量4）acquire:获得，习得,组合：1）which较长，有复杂逻辑结构，独立成句2）acquired by 放到修饰对象capabilities and habits之前,译文泰勒把文

19、化定义为“一个复合体，它包含了信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习俗（伦理）以及其他任何人类作为一个社会成员获得的能力和习惯。”,Thus,the anthropological concept of“culture”,like the concept of“set”in mathematics,is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.拆分点：1）like the concept of“set”in mathematics2）which.under

20、standing,拆分：1）Thus,the anthropological concept of“culture”is an abstract concept2)Likemathematics(介词短语插入语）；whichunderstanding（修饰abstract concept),单词详解：1）anthropology 人类学 logy 学科，科学2）concept 概念；misconception 错误概念，谬论3）abstract 抽象的；摘要4）concrete 具体的；水泥,组合1）likemathematics:介词短语插入语直译2）which：长定语从句，独立成句,译文：

21、因此，人类学概念上的“文化”，就像数学中的“集”一样，是一个抽象的概念，它使得大量的具体的研究和认识使得可能。,2004The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connections with the process of thought,which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages.拆分点1）that.thought（宾语从句）2）whichEurope（非限制性定语从句）3）long beforelangua

22、ges（时间状语）,拆分：1）The Greeks assumed thatthought 主干2）whichEurope（修饰前句）3）long beforecould be 修饰 took root in,单词详解Assume:假设，认为；承担，接受 assume responsibilitySome:某种，某个（当其后面的可数名词为单数时）Thought:思维，思想 the Thoughts of Chairman MaoTake root in:扎根于 注意和stem from,originate from区别Diverse:多样的,组合1）主干直译2）which非限制性定语从句的主语

23、为“这种观点”3）时间状语long beforelanguages 放到其修饰对象 took root 之前4）名词性从句how diverse languages could be 直译,译文：希腊人认为，语言的结构与思维的过程之间有某种联系。这种观点在人们认识到语言的多样性之前就已经在欧洲扎根了。,We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished,as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost the

24、ir native languages.拆分点：1）because2）as3）orand,拆分1）we are obliged to them（主干）2）becausevanished（原因状语,修饰be obliged to）3）aslanguages（原因状语，修饰vanished）4）who spoke them（定语从句，修饰peoples）,2005-2008年真题练习,2005Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before

25、 has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.,电视是引发和传播这些感受的方式之一在连接不同民族和国家之间的关系方面，电视以前也许还从来没有像在欧洲最近发生的事件中那样，起过如此重大的作用。,In Europe,as elsewhere,multi-media groups have been increasingly successful:groups which bring together television,radio,newspape

26、rs,magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.,难点：television，radio newspapers，magazines and publishing houses是并列关系，要翻成“电视台，电台，报社，杂志社和出版社”，因为最后一个词是出版社，其他的几个虽然是媒体，但是和后面的出版社成并列关系，所以必须翻译成机构。在欧洲，就像其它地方一样，各传媒集团越来越成功，整合了电视台，电台，报社，杂志社和出版社，并使之相互合作。,This alone demonstrates that the t

27、elevision business is not an easy world to survive in,a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks,no less than 50%took a loss in 1989.,评析：这句话难点在于in a fact underlined by statistics that show that写得非常不通顺和罗嗦，如果直译，会非常难以流畅，必须减去一些废话，适应汉语表达的习惯。仅仅这一切就足以证实，电视行业绝非

28、容易生存的地方，统计数据表明，欧洲80个电视网络中，在1989年有不少于50%遭受了亏损。,Creating a“European identity”that respects the difference cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.,评析：the different cultures and traditions在两个从句中都作句子成份，但是其作用不同，

29、在that从句是宾语，在which从句式主语，所以必须拆分到全句的开头，而促使creating这个主语和后面的is紧密结合成为主句。不同的文化和传统将要建立起连接旧大陆的架构，创造尊重这些文化和传统的欧洲身份绝非易事，也需要战略上的决策，也就是在欧洲为了欧洲区制作节目。,In dealing with a challenge on such a scale,it is no exaggeration to say United we stand,divided we fall.,评析：形式主语直接忽略，翻译真实主语。在这一层面上去应付挑战，说“团结则生，分裂则死”是毫不夸张地，而如果我必须选择

30、一句标语，那将是“求同存异”。,2006I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems.,评析：本句最大的特色是谓语和宾语之间存在插入的介词短语成份，也就是在elected之后用了一个常考的as，不解决这一层，这个句子会非常不好理解，下一句的考点也很类似本句。我将把知识分子定义为这样的人，他把以苏格拉底的方式去思考道德问题作为人生首要的

31、责任和乐趣。,His function is analogous to that of a judge,who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.,评析：inmanner是“以的方式”的意思，一般放在动词的前面去翻译，状语要位于动词之前。他的功能和法官相似，必须接受以尽可能清晰的方式去说明使自己得出结论的推导过程的义务。或者：他的功能和法官的功能很相似，他们都必须接受一种义

32、务，以尽可能清晰的方式去说明自己得出结论的推导过程。,I have excluded him because,while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems,he has no been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.,评析：本句主要是while从句，he后面的句子是一个否定强调结构，目的在于衬托后文的factual aspects。我将一般科学家排除在外是因

33、为，虽则他的成就也许有助于道德问题的解决，但是他从未有义务去研究那些问题事实层面以外的任何东西。,But his primary task is not to think about the moral code,which governs his activity,any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.,评析：否定类比结构和短语is expected to dedicate his energies不要

34、翻成欧化中文。但是他的主要任务不是去思考管制他行为的道德法则，就像商人无需殚精竭虑的去探索商业行为守则一样。,They may teach very well,and more than earn their salaries,but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.,评析：reflection是思考的意思，很容易错为反映的意思。修饰关系的顺序必须先翻译后句，再翻译前句。他们也许教的很好，也不仅仅是为了挣钱，但是他们中的大多

35、数，很少或从未就涉及道德判断的人类问题作出独立思考。,2007Traditionally,legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers,rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.,长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一直被视为律师们所专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是：被动语态、并列连词和后置定语。,On t

36、he other,it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.,另一方面，这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中，这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法是相同的。【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是：嵌套式定语从句。,But the idea that the journalist must understand the law

37、 more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media.,In fact,it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on

38、political stories.,While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories,it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.,2008He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long an

39、d intently about every sentence,and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.,本句的考查点是that引导的宾语从句，主干是he believes that.that，从句的结构是this very difficulty may have the.advantage of forcing,and thus enabling。Of后面forcing和enabling组成的并列结构做advantage的同位语。达尔文认为正是因为这个困难，促使他对每一个句

40、子进行长时间和针对性的思考，同时也使得他在观察和推理中发现错误。这也就使他具有了别人所不具备的优势。,He asserted,also,that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thoughts was very limited,for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.,本句考查点是宾语从句，非限制性定语从句。主干是He asserted that。宾语从句的结构是his power t

41、o was。其中不定式to引导的部分 follow of thought做power的定语；for which reason所引导的非限制性定语从句中又包含一个that引导的表语从句。达尔文同时声称，对于冗长而且纯抽象的思想，自己的理解能力并不强。因为这个原因，他相信自己在数学方面根本不会成功。,On the other hand,he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that while he was a good observer,he had no power of reasoni

42、ng.,本句考查点是同位语从句，让步状语从句。主干是he did not accept the charge made by that。其中as well founded作为一个插入成分，对charge进行修饰。made引导的过去分词短语作定语修饰charge。That引导的从句是charge的同位语，包括一个while引导的让步状语从句。另一方面，虽然有些批评他的人一致认为他善于观察，但不具备推理能力，但是他不同意这种说法。,He adds humbly that perhaps he was“superior to the common run of men in noticing thi

43、ngs which easily escape attention,and in observing them carefully.”,本句考查点是宾语从句，定语从句。主干是he adds that 其中宾语从句的结构是he was superior to in,and in。which引导的是things的定语从句。达尔文很谦虚的补充到，有些事情需要高度的注意力和细心的观察，也许他自己在观察此类事情时比一般人有优势。,Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness,but might possibly be injurious to the intellect,and more probably to the moral character.,本题考查点是宾语从句。主干是Darvin was convinced that。其中宾语从句的结构是the loss of these tastes was not only,butbe injurious to,and to。达尔文认为，对(音乐和绘画方面)兴趣的丧失，失去的不仅仅是一种乐趣，而且可能会伤害到智力，更有甚者还可能伤害到道德。,