考研英语翻译讲座第18讲.ppt
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1、精英考研英语翻译讲座,第十八讲 议论体散文的翻译定语从句的英汉翻译This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house.这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。July and August are the months when the weather is
2、hot.七八月是天气很热的月份。In the room where the electronic computer is kept,there must be no dust at all.在存放电子计算机的房间里,不能有一点儿灰尘。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,分译 They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which,in the past,many Chinese have laid down their lives.他们正在为实现一个理想而努力,这个理想是每个中国人
3、所珍爱的,在过去,许多中国人为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.他们制定出一种新方法,采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,混合翻译 There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month.在那群人中,有些人每天站在那里,站了一个月。There are some metals which possess the power to conduc
4、t electricity and the ability to be magnetized.某些金属既能导电,又能被磁化。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,非限制性定语从句的翻译1.分译I told the story to John,who told it to his brother.我把这件事告诉了约翰,约翰又告诉了他的兄弟。After dinner,the four key negotiators resumed their talks,which continued well into the night.饭后,四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈,一直谈到深夜。Nevertheless the p
5、roblem was solved successfully,which showed that the computations were accurate.不过问题还是圆满地解决了。这说明计算很准确。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,联合翻译He liked his sister,who was warm and pleasant,but he did not like his brother,who was aloof and arrogant.他喜欢热情洋溢的妹妹,而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,具有副词作用的定语从句We know that a cat,whose eyes c
6、an take in many more rays than our eyes,can see clearly at night.我们知道,由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线,所以猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚.He insisted on building another house,which he had no use for.他坚持要再造一幢房子,尽管他并无此需要。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,Nothing is difficult in the world for anyone who dares to scale the height.世上无难事,只要肯登攀。How can anyon
7、e hope to be a qualified teacher,who doesnt know what the students are thinking and demanding?一个教师如果不知道他的学生在想什么,需要什么,怎能指望成为一名合格的教师呢?They set up a state of their own,where they would be free to keep negroes as slaves.他们建立起自己的国家,在那里他们可以随心所欲地把黑人当作奴隶。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,科技文体的翻译不言而喻,科技文体是为“科技英语”所特有的文体,是随着科学技术的发展
8、而形成的。科学包括自然科学和社会科学,而科技文章则包括学术著作、论文、试验报告、专利及产品说明书等。虽然科技文章种类不同而且各具特点,但总括起来仍有一些共同点,即讲求逻辑上条理清楚和思维上准确严密,而不追求语言的艺术美。因此科技文章在遣词造句上有其独特之处。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,科技文体的特点1词汇特点科技文章叙述的是某一学科的专门知识,其用词具有高度的术语性。因此,大量使用含义确切的科技词汇便成了科技文章最明显的特点。大多数科技词汇都必须使用准确,绝不能有含混不清或一词多义的情况。科技词汇的来源分三类:第一类是给原有英语单词赋予新义,比如:,精英考研英语翻译讲座,cursor原意为“(计算
9、尺)游标”,在计算机上则表示“光标”memory原意为“记忆”,在计算机上则表示“内存”mouse原意为“老鼠”,在计算机上则表示“鼠标”prompt原意为“提词,提醒物”,在计算机上则表示“提示符”,精英考研英语翻译讲座,第二类是从拉丁、希腊语中吸收过来的词汇,通常词义狭窄,不易产生歧异和混淆,例如:Atmosphere 大气层 autograph 亲笔签名 capsule 太空舱Parasite 寄生虫,Pneumonia 肺炎,精英考研英语翻译讲座,第三类则是新造的词,例如:allergy(过敏)DAT(数字音频磁带)hormone(激素)reboot(重新启动),精英考研英语翻译讲座,
10、科技文体的翻译翻译科技文章,先决条件是掌握与之有关的专业知识,特别是学术性很强的科技文章,外行人几乎是不可能翻译好的。即使是科普性文章,译者也应通晓相关学科的基础知识。顺应原文是翻译科技文章的唯一原则。科技文章结构严密,逻辑性强,所表述的是严谨的科学事实,所以翻译中不容许有任何差错。科技文章本身有一种平淡叙事的特点,因而译文语言也可用平铺直叙的方法,把理论和事实叙述清楚就行了。文字越平易,用词越浅显,就越容易被读者所理解,这一点与文学语言截然不同。翻译科技文章时严禁卖弄文字,也不允许掺入自己的感情,应就事论事,决不夸张。科技文章的翻译还应保持科技文章的风格。科技文体的风格就是其客观性,例如科技
11、文章多用非人称代词it或用某个事物作主语,避免用人称代词你、我、他来作主语。译文中应该保持科技英语的这种风格。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,主语从句1.翻译由what,whatever,whoever等引起的主语从句,可保持原词序不变。What he told me was only half-truth.他告诉我的只是半真半假的东西而已。Whoever comes to our public reference library will be welcome.什么人到我们公共参考图书馆来都受欢迎。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,2但在翻译以it为形式主语的从句时,语序往往需要颠倒It doesnt mak
12、e much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.他参不参加会议都没多大关系。It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后竟然还能活着,这看来是不可想象的事。It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.真奇怪,她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,同位语从句 英语同位语从句的翻译可按这样四种方法来处理:1.保持原来
13、的语序,用类似宾语从句的方法来翻译。He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit china again.他表示希望能再来中国访问。We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。She had no idea why she thought of him suddenly.她不明白自己为什么突然想到了他。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,2将同位语从句前置,用翻译定语从句的类似结构来翻译,或单独翻译成一句Yet,from t
14、he beginning,the fact that I was alive was ignored.然而,从一开始,我仍活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了。They were very suspicious of the assumption that he would rather kill himself than surrender.对于他宁愿自杀也不投降这种假设,他们是很怀疑的。It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay.迟延应由他负责,这个事实是改变不了的。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,3 加入冒
15、号、破折号或“这样”、“这一”、“即”等字眼But considering realistically,we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.但是现实地考虑一下,我们不得不正视这样一个事实:我们的前景并不妙。And there was the possibility that a small electrical spark might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit.而且总有这种可能性一个小小的电火花,可能会意外地绕过了最为精心
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