大作文写作范例及总结.docx

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1、1、学习写作的方法力复盘Trythisexerciseusingtheessayin1.astweeks1.esson:1. Readtheessayandmakesureyouunderstandit.2. Readitagains1.ow1.y,andmakenotesonaseparatepieceofpaper.Justwritethemainideaorkeywordsfromeachsentence(thereareon1.y13sentencesinthewho1.eessay).3. Hidemyessay,andtrytorewriteitusingon1.yyournote

2、s.Donttrytomemorisetheessayexact1.yasIwroteit;theaimistoseeifyoucanwriteasimi1.aressayusingthesamekeyideas.4. Compareyouressaywithmine.Didyouwritethesamenumberofsentences?Didyouinc1.udethesamekeyvocabu1.ary?Didyouusethevocabu1.arycorrect1.y?Doesyouressayf1.owaswe1.1.asminedocs?Youcan1.earna1.otbydoi

3、ngthisexercise.Apparent1.y,thisishowBenjaminFrank1.inworkedonhiswritingski1.1.s!Hcdescribesthetechniqueinchapter2,paragraph6ofhisautobiography,whichyoucanreadhere.#TimingIfyouhaventseenmyadviceabouttimingbefore,heresareminder.Youhave40minutesforwritingtask2,andIsuggestthatyou: Spend(hefirst10minutes

4、p1.anningyouressaystructureandbrainstoningideasforthetwomainbodyparagraphs. Spend5minuteswritingyour2-sentenceintroduction. Spend20minutesonthemainbody(10minutesforeachparagraph). Spendthe1.ast5minuteswritingyourconc1.usionandcheckingeverything.才如何写草稿Someexpertsbe1.ievethatitisbetterforchi1.drentobe

5、gin1.earningaforeign1.anguageatprimaryschoo1.ratherthansecondaryschoo1.Dotheadvantagesofthisoutweighthedisadvantages?Heresourp1.anfora4-paragraphessay:1. In1.rOdUCtion:Topic=bestageto1.earnaforeign1.anguage.Ouropinion=betterto1.earnatprimaryschoo1.age.2. DiSadVan1.agCSof1.earning1.anguagesatprimarya

6、ge:othersubjectsaremoreimportantatthatage(maths,mothertongue1.anguage,science),1.earninganew1.anguageisconfusingandwastestime,cou1.dde1.aydeve1.opmentofchi1.dsfirst1.anguage.3. Advantagesof1.earning1.anguagesatprimaryage:youngchi1.dren1.earnfaster,theyarc1.essse1.f-consciousorshy.theypickupthepronun

7、ciationbetter,theyenjoycopyingand1.earningthroughgames,nowadays1.anguagesarejustasimportantasmathsetc.4. COnC1.USion:repeat/summariseouranswer.Thep1.antookus10minutestowrite.Withap1.an1.ikethis,itshou1.dbeeasytowriteagoodessayin30minutes.2、审题Wi1.danima1.shavenop1.aceinthe21stcentury,soprotectingthem

8、isawasteofresources.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?Question1containstwoopinions:wi1.danima1.shavenop1.aceinthe21.stcenturyandprotecting(hemisawasteofresources.Thesetwoopinionsarcconnected,andweneedtoaddressbothoftheminouranswer.Agoodwaytodothismightbetodisagreecomp1.ete1.y,andtowriteonemainbodypar

9、agraphforeachopinion(exp1.ainingwhyyoudisagree).甘Dotheadvantagesofthistrendoutweighthedisadvantages?Internationa1.trave1.ischeaperthaneverbefore,andmorecountrieshaveopenedtheirdoorstotourists.Dotheadvantagesofthistrendoutweighthedisadvantages?Internationa1.trave1.ischeaperthaneverbeforeandmorecountr

10、ieshaveopenedtheirdoorstotourists.Thetrendinthequestionreferstobothofthesefacts,andweneedtoconsidertheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofbothaspectsofthistrend.Report类的审题2-partquestionInsomepartsofthewor1.ditisbecomingpopu1.artoresearchthehistoryofonesownfami1.y.Whymightpeop1.ewanttodothis?Isitapositiveorn

11、egativedeve1.opment?Note:Iwou1.dca1.1.thisa4,2-partquestion.ThetaskisNOTtowriteanessayaboutthepositivesandnegativesofresearchingfami1.yhistory.Thetaskistoexp1.ainwhypeop1.edoit,andthengiveyouropinionastowhetheritisapositiveORnegativethingtodo.Tip:WhynotdosomeresearchontheInternetaroundthetopicoffami

12、1.yhistory*?Trytofindsomegoodwordsandphrases(hatEng1.ishspeakersusewhenwritingabout(histopice.g.fami1.ytree,ancestors,genea1.ogy,tracingfami1.yhistory,apersonsrtsetc.EssayP1.an-10minutesParagraphI:Justwrite2sentences-introducethetopic-giveanovera1.1.answertobothquestionsParagraph2:Whymightpeop1.ewan

13、ttoresearchfami1.yhistory?-variousdifferentreasons-toknowmoreaboutthemse1.vesandtheirroots,wheretheycomefrom,whethertheirancestorshadsimi1.arpersona1.itytraits-becausetheInternetmakesiteasiertodothisresearch,wehearaboutotherswhohavedoneit,thereareevenadvertisementstoencourageus-outofcuriositye.g.wem

14、ightsecret1.yhopethatWehaveafamousorwea1.thyancestorTherearevariousreasonswhypeop1.emightdecidetotracetheirfami1.yhistories.Oneexp1.anationmaybethattheywou1.d1.iketoknowmoreaboutthemse1.ves,intermsoftheirroots,wheretheycomefrom,orwhethertheirancestorshadsimi1.arpersona1.itytraits.Anotherfactorcou1.d

15、bethatithasbecomesomucheasiertocarryoutgenea1.ogica1.researchusingtheInternet.Wehearaboutpeop1.ewhohavestudiedtheirfami1.ytrees,andthereareevenadvertisementstoencourageustousegenea1.ogywebsites.Fina1.1.y,itmaybethatpeop1.earesimp1.ycurioustofindoutwhethertheyhaveanyfamousorwea1.thyancestors.Paragrap

16、h3:Isitpositiveornegative?-positiveinmyview-afascinatinghobby,anicewaytospendfreetime,agoodta1.kingpointwithfami1.yandfriendse.g.ifwediscoveraparticu1.ar1.yinterestingancestor-agoodwaytoteachchi1.drenabouthistory,howear1.iergenerations1.ived-wemayevenfinduIong-Iostfami1.ymembers,distantre1.ativestha

17、twemighthavethechancetomeetParagraph4:-conc1.udebyrepeating(paraphrasing)theovera1.1.answertobothquestions3、如何写主体段1.astweekIshowedyoutheSkeIetonofanessay.Now1.etsIOokatwhatwasmissing:thedetai1.edexp1.anationofideasin（hemainbodyparagraphs.mtemptedtorefertothisasthemusc1.eontopoftheske1.etonsbones!Her

18、esanexamp1.eofafu1.1.paragraph:（i）Ontheotherhand,schoo1.teachersmaycontributea1.mostasmuchasparentstothedeve1.opmentofachi1.d.（2）Teacherseducate1.argegroupsofchi1.drentogether,whichmeansthattheymusttrainpupi1.stoworkwiththeirpeersandrespectothermembersofthec1.ass.Pupi1.sa1.soIeamtobehavesensib1.yin1

19、.essons,regard1.essofthedistractionsaroundthem,andtofo1.1.owinstructionsgiventothembyteachingstaff.（4）Thesebehavioura1.ski1.1.swi1.1.becrucia1.in1.ater1.ife.（5）Intheworkp1.ace,forexamp1.e,adu1.tsareexpectedtoworkinteams,1.istentoeachother,andfo1.1.owtheinstructionsofamanagerorcompanydirector.Noticeh

20、owIbui1.dtheparagraphusing5sentences:1. Topicsentenceintroducingthemainidea-thero1.eofteachersinchi1.drensdeve1.opment.2. Oneaspectofthisro1.e-trainingchi1.drentoworkwithothers.3. Anotheraspectofthisro1.e-chi1.dren1.earntobehaveandfo1.1.owinstructions.4. Whythetwopointsaboveareimportant-for1.ater1.i

21、fe.5. Examp1.es-workinteams,fo1.1.owamanagersinstructions.#如何写主体段2Herearethe5ideasfrom1.astweek,aboutthenegativesofcreditcards:1. encouragespendingmoneythatpeop1.edonthave2. 1.eadstoexcessshopping,consumercu1.ture3. morecreditcards,debtbecomesoutofcontro1.4. bankrupt,incourt,1.osehome5. sometimesnes

22、orevenprisonNowheresa5-sentenceparagraphusingtheseideas:Themaindrawbackofcreditcardsisthattheyencouragepeop1.etospendmoney（hattheydonothave.Thishas1.edtotheconsumercu1.tureandaddictiontoshoppingthatWenowseeinsociety.Whencreditcardusersareunab1.etopayofftheirdebts,theyoftenresorttosigningupformu1.tip

23、1.ecards,andthedebtbecomesincreasing1.yoverwhe1.ming.Manypeop1.einthissituationfindthemse1.vesincourt,bankrupt,andwithoutahomeasana1.consequenceofcreditcarddependence.Intheworstcases,theymayevenfaceprisonsentences.Supporting和mainidea之间的区别Ifyoureusingmy4-paragraphessayapproach,youressayson1.yneedtoco

24、ntaintwomainideas-oneforeachmainbodyparagraph.Butthereisadifferencebetweenthemainideaandthesupportingpoints.Forexamp1.e,themainideacou1.dbetherearesevera1.advantages,andeachadvantageisasupportingpoint.Startanewparagraphforeachmainidea,butnotforeachsupportingpoint.Expressyourmainideafreachparagphinat

25、opicsentence,atthebeginningoftheparagraph.Thenexp1.ainthatideawithcitherone,twoorthreesupportingpoints.usingexamp1.esShou1.dgovernmentsmakedecisionsaboutpeop1.es1.ifesty1.e,orshou1.dpeop1.emaketheirowndecisions?Thisquestionseemsdifficu1.t,butifyoutakesmokingasanexamp1.eofa1.ifesty1.echoice,itbecomes

26、a1.oteasier.Heresmyparagraph:Insomecases,governmentscanhe1.ppeop1.etomakebetter1.ifesty1.echoices.IntheUK,forexamp1.e,smokingisnowbannedina1.1.workp1.aces,anditisevenprohibitedforpeop1.etosmokeinrestaurants,barsandpubs.Asaresu1.t,manypeop1.ewhousedtosmokesocia1.1.yhavenowgivenup.Atthesametime,thegov

27、ernmenthasensuredthatcigarettepriceskeepgoingup,and(herehavebeensevera1.campaignstohigh1.ightthehea1.thrisksofsmoking.Thesemeasureshavea1.sohe1.pedtoreducethenumberofsmokersinthiscountry.6. mainpar。Qre1.Phmethods1. Idea,exp1.ain,examp1.e:Ifyouhaveonemainidea,thiseasyformatwi1.1.he1.pyoutobui1.dagood

28、paragraph.Theidea,exp1.ain,examp1.eformatisagoodwaytoorganiseyourmainparagraphs.Startwiththemainideaoftheparagraph,exp1.ainitinmoredetai1.,thengiveanexamp1.e.Someartprojectsdefinite1.yrequirehe1.pfromthestate.IntheUK,therearemanyworksofaitinpub1.icspaces,suchasstreetsorsquaresincitycentres.In1.iverp

29、oo1.,farexamp1.e,therearesevera1.newstatuesandscu1.pturesinthedocksareaofthecity,whichhasbeenredeve1.opedrecent1.y.Theseartworksrepresentcu1.ture,heritageandhistory.Theyservetoeducatepeop1.eaboutthecity,andactas1.andmarksorta1.kingpointsforvisitorsandtourists.Governmentsand1.oca1.counci1.sshou1.dpay

30、creativeartiststoproducethiskindofart,becausewithouttheirfundingourcitieswou1.dbemuch1.essinterestingandattractive.2. First1.y,second1.y,fina1.1.y:Ifyouhavetwoorthreeideas,justusethisformat.Missthefina1.1.yifyouon1.yhavetwoideas,andrememberthatyoucanusea1.ternativewordsforthesamestructure(e.g.Themai

31、nreason,anotherreason,a1.so,furthermore).Somesimp1.ea1.ternativestofirst1.y,second1.y,fina1.1.ycou1.dbe:ThemainreasonwhyIbe1.ieve.is./Anotherargumentis./A1.so,.Oneprob1.emisthat./Furthennore,./Anotherdrawbackisthat.Fromabusinessperspective,./Intermsofeducation,./Fromasocia1.pointofview,.(thiscou1.dw

32、orkfortheparagraphin1.astweeks1.esson)#topicsentencesAgoodwaytostartaparagraphiswithashort,simp1.esentencethatintroducesthemainideaoftheparagraph.Teachersoftenca1.1.thisattopicsentence.Inorma1.1.ywritemytopicsentencesbythinkingabouthowmanypointsIwanttomentionintheparagraph:1. IfIon1.yhaveonepointori

33、dea,Iusua1.1.ystateitstraightaway:Inmyopinionjunkfoodisthemaincauseofchi1.dhoodobesity.(thenexp1.ainthisopinionandgiveexamp1.esintherestoftheparagraph)2. IfIhavetwoorthreepointsorideas,Idontusua1.1.ymentionthemdirect1.yinthetopicsentence:Therearetwomaincauses(orsevera1.causes)ofchi1.dhoodobesity.(th

34、enexp1.ainusing“first1.y,second1.y.,orsomethingsimi1.ar)Havea1.ookthroughtheessaysthatyou,vewritteninthepast,andcomparethemwithsomeofmine.Didyoubeginyourmainparagraphswithgoodtopicsentences?#First1.y,second1.y,fina1.1.yTheparagraphIwroteforIaStweeksIeSSon(repeatedbe1.ow)isstructuredinthefo1.1.owingw

35、ay:1. Topicsentence2. First1.y3. Examp1.e4. Second1.y5. Fina1.1.yIthinkthisisagoodwaytoorganizeaparagraph.However,itsbestnottousethesamestructuretwiceinoneessay.Comparethetwoparagraphsbe1.ow.HowdidIstructurethesecondonetoavoidrepeatingFirst1.y,Second1.y.Fina1.1.y?FirSImainDaragraDhtherearegoodreason

36、swhysomepeop1.efee1.theneedtomakesignificantchangestotheir1.ivesfromtimetotime.First1.y,anynewsituation(hatapersonencounterscanbeanopportunitytoIeamandgrowasaperson.Anewjob,forinstance,mightpresentcha1.1.engesthatpushthepersontoadapt,acquirenewknow1.edge,oraddtohisorherski1.1.set.Second1.y,achangeca

37、nrepresentabreakwiththepastandano1.droutinewhichhasbecomeboringandpredictab1.e.Fina1.1.y,aswe1.1.asmaking1.ifemorefunandinteresting,newexperiencescanbegoodforourphysica1.andmenta1.hea1.th.SeCOndmainDaragraDhOntheotherhand,itisunderstandab1.ewhypeop1.emightavoidchange.Wheneverpeop1.eareforcedtochange

38、their1.ifesty1.es,jobsoreventomovehouse,Iheyare1.ike1.ytoexperiencestressandWorryastheytrytoadaptIothenewsituation.Bycontrast,fortab1.eandconfidentwhenWestaywithwhatWeknow.Thedecisiontopersistwithacourseofactionorsticktoonechosenpathoften1.eadstogreatersuccessin1.ife.Forexamp1.e,bystayinginthesamejo

39、bformanyyears,apersoncanbecomeanexpertinhisorherfie1.d,whichwi1.1.1.eadtobetteropportunitiesforpromotionsandcareerprogression.Here,sanotherexamp1.eofafirst1.y,second1.y,fina1.1.yparagraphthatIwrotewithmystudents:Threemainfactorsarcaffectinghea1.thinmodernsocieties.Oneprob1.emisthe1.ackofawarenessamo

40、ngmanypeop1.eofthenegativeconsequencesofanunhea1.thydiet.Thisismadeworsebythepreva1.enceoffastfoodandprocessedfood,whicharefu1.1.offat,sa1.tandsugar.Anotherkeyfactoristhechangingtrendin1.ifesty1.es.Forexamp1.e,chi1.drenshobbiesnowinvo1.vemuch1.essoutdooractivity,andadu1.tsare1.essactiveasjobshaveshi

41、ftedtowardssedentaryofficeworkinsteadofmanua1.1.abour.Inadditiontothis,time-savingtechno1.ogies,suchascars,e1.evators,dishwashersandwashingmachines,havemadepeop1.e1.azier.Therearesevera1.advantagestousingcomputersineducation.First1.y,students1.earnnewski1.1.swhichwi1.1.beextreme1.yusefu1.fortheirfut

42、urejobs.Forexamp1.e,they1.earntowri(creportsorotherdocumentsusingawordprocessor,andtheycanpractisedoingspokenpresentationsusingPowerPoints1.ides.Second1.y,techno1.ogyisapowerfu1.t1.toengagestudents.Theuseofwebsitesoron1.inevideoscanmake1.essonsmuchmoreinteresting,andmanystudentsaremoremotivatedtodoh

43、omeworkorresearchusingon1.ineresources.Fina1.1.y,ifeachstudenthasacomputertoworkon,theycanstudyattheirownpace.4、不同的问题回答方法Forme,theske1.eton(orframeworkorbasicstructure)ofatask2essayis:-theintroduction-topicsentencesformainparagraphs-andtheconc1.usion1.ookatthisessayske1.eton*forexamp1.e:Peop1.ehaved

44、ifferentviewsaboutwhetherparentsorschoo1.sshou1.dbeartheresponsibi1.ityforhe1.pingchi1.drentobecomegoodcitizens.Inmyview,thisresponsibi1.ityshou1.dbeshared.Ontheonehand,parentscertain1.yhaveavita1.ro1.etop1.ayintheupbringingoftheirchi1.dren.Ontheotherhand,schoo1.teachersmaycontributea1.mostasmuchasp

45、arentstothedeve1.opmentofachi1.d.Inconc1.usion,bothparentsandschoo1.sshou1.dworktogethertoensurethatyoungpeop1.ebecomepo1.iteandproductivemembersofsociety.Note：vehigh1.ightedmymainparagphtopicsentencesinb1.ue.Canyouseehoweachtopicsentencere1.ates(oonepartof(hequestion?#总括Dothefo1.1.owingquestionsask

46、foryouropinionornot?1. Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?2. Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantages.3. Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.4. Dotheadvantagesoutweighthedisadvantages?5. Isthisapositiveornegativedeve1.opment?6. Whatarethebenefitsanddrawbacks?Answers:- Numbers2and6arediscussionquestions.Dis

47、cussbothsidesoftheissue,butdontgiveanopinionaboutwhichsideyouagreewith.- Numbers1and5areODinionquestions.Giveyouropinionandsupportit.Ifyouhaveastrongopinion,youdontneedtomentiontheothersideoftheargument.- Numbers3and4canbeca1.1.eddiscussion+ODinionquestions.Discussbothsidesandmakeyouropinionc1.earto

48、o.HerearethefourtypesofquestionfromIaStweeks1.esson:1. Opinion2. Discussion+opinion3. Prob1.em+so1.ution4. 2-partquestionImportantpointstoremember:1. Anopinionquestionasksforyourview,nottheviewsofotherpeop1.e,andyoudonthavetogivebothsidesoftheargument.Justmakeyouropinionc1.earintheintroduction,thenexp1.ainitintherestoftheessay.2. Adiscussionquestionrequiresyoutowriteaboutbothsidesoftheargument,andyoushou1.dwriteasimi1.aramountforeachview.Ifthequestiona1.soasksforyouropinion,youdon