宾语从句语法讲解(全).docx
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1、宾语从句语法讲解宾语从句歌诀宾语从句三姊妹,that,if/whether,Whhow展风采。展风采有三关,引导词、语序、时态在把关。主从时态要一致,陈述语序永不变。陈述请你选that,疑问需用if/whether连。特殊问句作宾从,原来问词不用换。三关过后莫得意,人称、标点需注意。留意变脸的if/when,从句的简化记心间。歌诀解码一、三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型:1 .由that引导的宾语从句。如:Weknew(that)weshouldlearnfromeachother.2 .由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如:Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouh
2、avebeentoAmerica.3 .由whozwhere,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如:CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice?二、三关1 .引导词关如果从句是陈述句,引导词用that(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略);如果从句是一般疑问句,引导词用if/whether;如果从句是特殊疑问句,弓I导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/U词。2 .语序关陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序。如:Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.Theteachersaid(that)hewasanhones
3、tboy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序。如:Doesheworkhard?IwonderIwonderif/whetherheworkshard.Whendidheleave?Idon,tknow.Tdontknowwhenheleft.3 .时态关如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如:Ihaveheard(that)hewillcomebacknextweek.如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如:Hesaid(that)therewerenoclassesyesterday.注意:如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象
4、等时,不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用一般现在时。如:Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.三、人称的变化和标点的使用1 .从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化。如:nMayIuseyourknife?Heaskedme.Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber?Heaskedme.HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.2 .宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句
5、,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号。如:Whowillgiveusatalk?Idonztknow.Idon,tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.Doyouknow?Wheredoeshelive?Doyouknowwherehelives?四、两副面孔if和when既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导宾语从句。因此,遇到它们就要认真分析一下,它们究竟属于两副面孔的哪一副。如:Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon,tcome.(时间状语从句)Idon,tknowifitwillraintomorrow.(宾语从句)五、从句的简化1 .当主句谓语动词是find,see,watchzhe
6、ar等感官动词时,从句常简化为宾语+宾补结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如:Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.2 .当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如:Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.3 .在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主
7、语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为连接代词周词+不定式结构。如:CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation?宾语从句专项练习一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1 .TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.HesaidtheseflowersfromGuangdong.2 .Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldmelightfasterthansound.3 .Therewillbe
8、ameetinginfivedays.Jackdidnztknow.Jackdid,tknowthereameetinginfivedays.4 .CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.IwanttoknowFrench.5 .Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellmethechildrengames.6 .Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGanghomeworkyet.7 .Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepict
9、ure?Whoknows?Whoknowsinthepicture?8 .Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknowhercar?9 .Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwonderedoftenabout.10 .Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon,tknow.Idon,tknowatthedoorsoloudly.11 .Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idontknow.Idontknowhestillinthatstreet.12
10、.Whatshisname?Iaskedhim.Iaskedhimwhat.13 .Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme.14 .Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.Heaskedtheboystheyfriedchicken.15 .WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idontknow.IdontknowthewatchmadeinShanghai.二、选择填空。()1.WhatdidMikesay?Hesaid.A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.what
11、colourwasitC.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring()2.Tomaskedmyfriend.A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoonC.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry()3.Letmetellyou.A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcostC.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar()4.Peterknew.A. whetherhehasfinished
12、readingthebookB. whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC. therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis()5.Couldyoutellme?A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein()6.1cantunderstandtheboyalone.A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft()7.Shetoldmethesun
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