中国文化典籍英译 笔记.docx

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1、中国文化典籍英译笔记国学的概念和定义国学4要点（规模）：考据之学辞章之学义理之学经世之学七略（西汉，刘向、刘欧父子发端：把中国图书分为六大类，三卜八小类）六艺略：诗：书：礼；易：乐；春秋：论语孝经；小学诸子略：儒：道；阴阳；法：名；墨：纵横；杂；弄；小说家诗赋略：屈IK；陆赋：荀赋：杂照；歌诗兵书略：兵权谋；兵形势；兵阴阳；兵技巧数术略：天问；历谱：五行；杂占；形法方技略：医经：医方；房中：神仙消四库全书书目阐明国学分类经史子集。四类第一讲：上古神话myth神话：山海经BookofMountainsandSeas楚辞屈原庄子盘古开天辟地：盘古化生万物；夸父追日：羿射九日：精卫填海：女娟造人女娟

2、补天NUWaMendStheSky始见于山海经，较完整成形于汉淮南王刘安辱人扁猿的淮南子WritingsofPrinceHuainan蚩尤轶厢南朝梁人任所撰述异记StrangeAccounts第二讲：先秦寓言寓言fable；寓意moral寓占短小精悍、生动有趣、常以其耐人寻味之故事，借入木三分之讥讽，寓社会人生之哲理。古希腊伊索寓言：法国拉封丹寓言；俄国克雷洛夫寓言中国寓言始于先秦。画蛇添足TheManWhoDrawsaSnakeandAddsFeettoIt（载于西汉刘向的战国策StratagemoftheWarringStates）旭M极见于歹仔天瑞吕梁丈夫庄子ZhUangZi借游戏波浪的

3、水中局手和孔子的对话，解释了何谓故性、命”第三讲：诗经风雅中国第一部诗歌总集诗经BookofSongs/BookofOdes记录了周初到春秋中叶500多年流传于中原等地的诗歌305首毛侍，诗六艺：风雅颂兴比赋风雅颂是诗歌分类；兴比赋是创作方法。十五国风；大小雅；关雎属于周南：通过自然界鸟类的求偶行为表达了人类对夸姣爱情和幸福婚姻的憧憬与赞叹。后来演变为对于后姬之德的歌颂。君子于役属王风：农夫之妻在丈夫被迫外出服役久久不归，时时借助家禽家畜的归来表达了盼郎归的动人情感。P55项出魏风借助农人对于老鼠的诅咒，表现了对于剥削者的牙呢和追求新生活的威望。静幻那风写青年男女的欢乐爱情；第四讲楚辞悲歌P6

4、9楚辞EIegieSofChU是继中国第一部诗歌总集诗经之后，中国文学史上浮现的又一辉煌诗集。掇辞以春秋战国以来在南方江河流域兴旺起来的楚国地方文化为根基而生成的新诗体。楚辞采用比较松散而自由伸展的句式。内容上描写楚地江湖山川和人情风俗习惯，飘洒奇丽。作者：屈原战国时楚国没落贵族。代表作离骚GriefofParting九NineElegies九歌NineOdes屈原是第一个以个人名义写诗并流芳千古的大诗人。第五讲道德之宗P83先秦诸子九大流派：儒Confucianism;墨Mohism;道Taoism;法Legalism;名1.OgiCians;衣AgriCUltUrists;杂ECleCti

5、cs;阴阳Yin-YangSchool;纵横Diplomatists老子道德经TheWayandItSPOWer；又名老子LaoZi第六讲庄周论道7 .儒家confucianism论语The Analects孟子MenCiUSF大学.,TheGreatLearning打入山WDoctrineoftheMean中庸六艺：礼乐射御书数天命decree8 .人性探源P115中国哲学关于人性的思量始于先秦。孔子首提“性相近，习相远；“在蒙学课本三字经中扩展为人”之初，性本善”的命题，作为启蒙教育的开端。孟子则提出人有，四端说，而力主性善论。荀子性；辘,倡导“化性起伪；“告子持亦善亦恶说。孟子四端说：恻

6、隐之心根本：羞恶之心；辞让之心：是非之心荀户战国时期儒家著名学者，主张人性恶，其善者伪也。“著有性恶McmIsEvilbyNature.福乐智意KutadguBiligZWisdomofRoyalGlory1IC维吾尔族哲学宗教经典，古典长诗。汉人称之为帝王礼范，突厥人称之为福乐智慧9.名家论坛名家LogiCianS是中国战国时期颇具特色的学派，以名实关系和论辩为主体，讨论逻辑和语言哲学，使中国哲学有了一条极具个性特色的分析思路。公孙龙为代表。白马论名实论DiscourseonNameandActuality荀子还曾经对正名问题做出了系统的总结和创造。正名RectificationofName

7、s10.兵家谋略P137兵书的经典是春秋末年齐国人孙武所著的13篇孙于兵法SunZi:TheArtofWar比西方兵家经典克劳塞维兹Clausewitz的战争论OnWar早2000多年。IL史学绝唱最早的中国史书是尚书BookOfHistory左丘明：我国第一部记事较详的编年体史书：左传ZUoQiuming1SCommentaryontheSpringandAutumnAnnals国语SayingsoftheStates西汉刘向战国策StratagemoftheWarringStates战国游说之士的策略和言论。纪传体通史司马迁史记(原名太史公书)RecordsoftheHistorian成书

8、于汉武帝时期记述了传说中的黄帝至汉武帝初年历时3000余年的历史。功绩：创立了一种完备的史学体裁。史记列本纪12篇以记帝王事迹和重大事件；世家30篇技术诸侯诸王活动；列传70记莪管理、名人以及平民的活动。书8篇记载历代天文地理和典章制度；10篇表格事实史料四维：礼义廉耻为治国之纲。12 .文学传记Literarybiography魏晋时期玄学(Metaphysics)盛行，自然主义(Naturalism)之风大兴，促进了人的觉悟和文的醒悟，正好有产生这一文学独特样式的文化氛围之有利局面的行程。于是，文学传记乃大兴。东晋陶渊明自传性质的五柳先生偌借助古人言语与古代联想喻其高洁品性，以便抒发其超然

9、于世乐的人生理想。桃花源记充满乌托邦理想色采，代表了中国农业文明的社会理想和以诗酒精神抒写田园体面的田园诗境界。魏晋阮籍竹林七贤大人先生传开彻底虚拟的文学传记之先河。其超然于物外的道家思想。大人先生，原型是苏门山隐士孙登。千字文嵇琴阮箫P16913 .文心文论文论大兴文必秦汉为盛唐文“以载道开了先河解支以气为主”典论论文(HiStoriCalAlIUSionSandESSayS)开创了文体论和文气论的先河；晚年的普布，在联想到权力可以世袭而文章的做法难以遗传的时候，甚至有一丝忏悔和焦虑，所谓建“安风骨”，乃寓于期间。漱以来,玄g,前有司马前勺发奋著述说，淮南子的形神气一论，董仲舒天人感应”论文

10、心雕龙14 .盛唐诗歌唐诗从古诗(PoetryinPre-TangStyle);民歌(folksongs);骈文(rhymedprose)寻求节俭,推陈出新留下诗5万首诗仙李白浪漫主义讴歌祖国大好河山诗圣杜甫现实主义表达劳动人民心愿山水田园诗人(pastoralpoet):王维、孟浩然边塞诗人(frontierpoet)高适、岑参唐诗三百首清孙洙(300TangPoems)律诗(eight-linedpoetry)王维以佛教出世精神为诱导，表现了超然于世外，寄情于山水，而又终归眷恋人生的禅宗诗人(Zenpoet)风范。绝句(Four-linedPoetry)15 .诗品诗话诗论唐司空图诗品；皎

11、然诗式宋严羽沧浪诗话明王冀德曲律清叶斐原诗诗大序PrefacetotheBookofOdes成书于汉代。司空图诗品TheRealmsofPoetry16 .唐宋散文兰亭序集ASketchoftheGatheringatOrchidArbour欧阳修醉翁亭记TheOldDrunkardsArbour范仲淹岳阳楼记heStoryOfYoyangTower17 .书谱书论孙过庭书法家十书论家书谱OntheFineArtofChineseCalligraphy18 .禅宗智慧中国传统文化曾经遇到过两次外来文化的挑战和接触。_东汉以来印度佛教Buddhism二近代欧美民主科学精神伴有着中国救亡图存的历史

12、使命而近乎强行地输入南派六祖慧能大师创立禅宗ZenBuddhism禅分南北宗南主张顿悟是主流代表作坛经ThePlatformScriptureoftheSixthPatriarch北主张渐悟偈子gathaP236关于哲学禅宗词汇佛经Buddhistsutra达摩、规范dharma19 .两宋词章词（CiPoems）本来是能够配乐的歌词，后逐渐脱离音乐而独见诸文字词牌名tune宋理学Neo-Confucianism婉约派suttleandconcise豪放派POWerfUlandfree水调歌头词帝五代后主李煜虞美人20 .元曲杂剧P2551279忽必烈灭南宋建立元帝国元政治文化特点：对中原汉人

13、政治统治的加剧南北民族文化的又一次大融合废除封建科举制度（使仕途绝望，转向民间文学和市井娱乐，在文学艺术创作中寻求文化心灵的寄托）元散曲（QUPOeIry）杂剧（YUanDrama）或者表现男女间情爱，或者描写大自然美景，或者关心民众疾苦和社会问题或者抒发文人的雅趣与隐逸精神南曲北曲昆曲元杂剧：叙事体到代言体；角色、演唱、对白、动作、道具。有了序幕和正文、题目和正名散曲：独立于剧本剧情之外的单独的诗歌作品：与唐诗宋词相比，元曲在已经上体现俚俗世俗。语言上多为口语方言。关汉卿：有半言的舞台经验和非凡的创作才干。18种剧作只是其全部创作的1/3.代表作斐娥冤InjusticeK）DUE;又名六月雪

14、SnowinMidsummer王实甫西厢记TheRomanceoftheWesternBower21.明清小说明清逐渐形成为了中国独有的章回小说chapterednovelwithcouplettitles罗贯中历史小说三国演义RomanceofThreeKingdoms施耐庵英雄传奇水浒传OutlawsoftheMarsh吴承恩神话魔幻小说西游记JoumeytotheWest曹雪芹家世悼亡之作红楼梦ADreamofRedMansions老子著名译本汉学家理雅各(JameSLegge);水浒赛卷珠(PearlS.Buck)红楼梦霍克斯(DaVidHaWkeS)杨宪益夫妇22 .翰墨丹青石涛(法

15、名)中国绘画史上的奇才。晚年定居扬州，生活拮据，靠卖画为生，开中国艺术品商品化先河。著画语录ArtOfPainting中国历史上第一部系统而深刻的绘画美学著作中国画分类山水始于晋宋的宗炳画山水序；成熟于宋郭熙林泉高致；大成于清石涛画语录人物花鸟23 .历代书信古时，书指信件；信指信使书信连用始于晋书BOokofJin唐时普遍例迂X称为雁足鸿雁本于鸿雁传说24 .文明演进游学欧美的爱国志士严复林纾翻译西方文学名著达尔文进化论hryOfEvolUtion魏源最变道不变”中体西用(张之洞，梁漱溟)传统派Traditionalists洋务派WesternizationGroup维新派(ReformiS

16、tS)革命派Revolutionaries康有为又名康祖诒广东南海人；维新运动主要领导者；戊戌变法失败后，亡命海外；1895“公车上书”；新学伪经考；孔子改制考；其思想经学(NeWTeXtSchool)和佛家思想。梁启超：康有为得力助手。广东新会人。著有变法通议；清代学术概论ABriefIntellectualHistoryofQingDynaSty(总结了中国清代二百余年的学术思想史)孙中山SUnYat-SenI866-1925怀天下为公之大志，首举国民革命之义旗。孙文学说MemoirsofaChineseRevolutionary鲁迅：如果说中山先生是革命的先驱者，那末鲁迅先生便是中国的民

17、族魂太极(ether)大道之行天下为公WhentheGreatTaoprevails,thewholeworldwillworkonlyforthepublicinterests.物竞天择，适者生存thestruggleforlifeofanimals,naturalselection,thesurvivalthefittesttisnotthestrongestofthespeciesthatsurvive,buttheonemostresponsivetochange.-CharlesDarwin物竞择适者生存。查尔斯达,尔文物竞天择适者生存Naturalselectionandsurvi

18、valofthefittest.B本草纲目：OUUineofHerbMedicine本草经集注泊秦淮LyingatAnchorontheQinhuaiRiver步辇图ImPerialCarriage捕蛇者说TheStoryoftheSnake-catcher博物*RecordsofMyriadThingsC藏书BookofHolding茶经BookofTea昌黎先生集CollectedWorksofHanYu长恨歌EternalGrief长生殿PalaCeofEternalYouth长相思EverlastingLove楚辞ElegiesofChu垂老别TheOldManReturnstoWar

19、春秋SpringandAutumnAnnals春秋繁露SpringandAutumnStudies雌木兰AGirlNamedMulanD大藏经TheTripitakainChinese大明历DarningCalendar大清律CodeofGreatQing大唐三藏圣教序IntroductiontotheSacredTeachingsofMonkTripitakaoftheGreatTangDynasty大同书TheBookoftheGreatUnity大学GreatLearning大学衍义InterpretationofGreatLearning大学中庸章句CommentaryontheGre

20、atLearningandtheDoctrineoftheMean弟子规PupilsRulesandDisciplines典论论文HistoricalAllusionsandEssays读通鉴论短歌行AShortSong多宋塔碑ThePagodaofManyTreasures多识录ComprehensiveStudiesE阿房宫赋OdetotheEfang(Epang)Palace二卜年目睹之怪现状StrangeEventsSeeninthePastTwentyYears,卜一史弹词BalladofTwenty-oneDynastiesF法言ModelSayings焚书BookBuringG高

21、僧传BiographiesofEminentBuddhistMonks告誓文APledgeofFaith古文观止AnthologyofClassicProse官场现形记TheExposureoftheOfficialWorldBureaucrats归去来兮辞ComeAwayHome/LetsGoBack国语SayingsoftheStatesH海国图志IHustratedRecordsoftheMaritimeNations汉宫秋AutumnintheHanPalace汉书HistoryoftheHanDynasty红楼梦ADreamofRedMansionstheRedChamber后赤壁赋

22、TheSecondTriptotheRedCliff后汉书HistoryoftheLaterHanDynasty华严经Avatamsaka-Sutra淮南子WritingsofPrinceHuainan浣纱TheGirlWhoWashesSilk黄帝内经TheYellowEmperorsClassicsofInternalMedicine黄书YellowBookJ集史CollectedHistories谏太宗十思好iTenPointsofDeliberationRecommendedtoEmperorTaizong将进酒AnExhortation金刚经DiamondSutra金瓶梅Flower

23、ingPluminaGoldenVase江南春SpringComestotheSouth进学解TheScholarsApology晋书HistoryoftheJinDynastyStories to Wam Men警世通言九歌NineOdes,以NineClassics九经XT-L,NineElegies九草九章算术MathematicsinNineSentinelsK孑L子家港SayingsoftheConfucianSchool兰亭序ASketchoftheGatheringatOrchidArborTheStoryoftheOrchidPavilionTheStoryoftheGet-t

24、ogetherattheOrchidTower乐BookofMusic老子注历代帝王图PortraitsoftheEmperors历代史表AChronologicalChartAccordingtoDynasties礼记BookofRites离骚GriefofParting礼运EvolutionsofRites聊斋志异StrangeTalesfromaLonelyStudio六国论OnSixFallenStates六经SixClassics六稻SixTacticsSixTeachings、iSixDisciplines六艺六月雪（炎娥冤）SnoinMidsummer六祖坛经PlatformSc

25、riptureoftheSixthPatriarch附空铭InSCriPtiononMyHUmbleCottage吕氏春秋LusAlmanac论语TheAnalects论语集解义跋EXegeSiSofCollectedCommentsontheAnalects论语孟子集注洛神赋图GOddeSSoftheLuoRiver/TheGoddessofRiverLuoM脉经ClassiconPulse/TreatiseonthePulse蒙古秘史TheSecretHistoryoftheMongols孟子Mencius梦溪笔谈DreamPoolEssay名实论DiscourseonNameandAct

26、uality名贤集CollectedBetter-KnownSayings墨辩MohistDialectians墨经MohistCanon牡丹亭PeonyPavilion木兰诗TheSongofMULanN南柯记TheSouthernTributaryState农桑辑要TheFundamentalsofAgricultureandSericulture农书Agriculture农政全书ACompleteTreatiseonAgriculture女史箴AdmonitionsoftheInstructresstotheCurlLadies女蜗补大NUWaMendstheSky女状元AWomanWh

27、oPassedtheMetropolitanExaminationasNumberOneP书画谱HandbookofCalligraphyandPainting琵琶记TaIeoftheLute琵琶行ASingsongGirlQ七略SevenCategoriesofWritings齐民要术TheManualofImportantArtsforthePeopleF午要方BookofPreciousPrecriptions千金翼方前赤壁斌潜书TheFirstTriptotheRedCliffPrivateThoughts千字文TheThousand-CharacterText乔松仙寿图PineSan

28、dLongevity钦定宪法大纲ImPerialConstitution清明上河图RiversideScenesatQingmingFestivalGoodWordsforExhortingtheAgeTheAutumnSoundLayTheTwoPoemsUntitledTheBattleofWits劝世良言秋声映阙题两首群英会仁学日知录儒林外史OnBenevolenceTheDailyAccumulatedKnowledgeTheScholars三都赋三国志三国演义OdetotheThreeCapitalsHistoryoftheThreeKingdomsRomanceoftheThree

29、Kingdoms三字经山茶霁雪APrimerinThree-CharacterLines/Three-CharacterPrimerCamelliasinThawingSnow山高水长图TOWeringMountainsandLongRivers山海经伤寒论尚书TheBookofMountainsandSeasTreatiseonFeversBookofHistory神农本草经EmperorShenNong,sMateriaMedica/ShengNong,sherbalclassic慎言神童诗CarefulSpeechWonderChildPoemsTablet师说世说新语诗经EsteemT

30、eachersNewAnecdotesBookofOdesSongs诗品(司空图)TheRealmsofPoetry诗品(钟蛛)CritiqueofPoetry十三经ThirteenConfucianClassics石壕吏TheShihaoOfficial拾遗记SupplementaryNotes史记RecordsoftheHistorian史记天官书ChapteronAstronomersinRecordsoftheHistorian氏族志授时历蜀道难述学水浒传说卦传说文解字说苑思问录四部医典四景山水ClanandFamilyGazetteTime-TellingCalendarTheSte

31、epRoadofShuOnLearningOutlawsHeroesoftheMarsh(es)/WaterMarginTreatiseofRemarksontheTrigramsExplanationofScriptandElucidationofCharactersTheGardenofAnecdotesPharmacopoeiainFourDivisionsALandscapeinFourSeasonsTheCompleteLibraryoftheFourTreasures四库全书四库全书总目提要CriticalCatalogueofCompleteWritingsintheFourDi

32、visions四书四书大全四洲志宋书宋论搜神记搜神后记孙膑兵法FourBooksTheCompleteWorksoftheFourBooksFourContinentsHistoryoftheSongDynastyCommentsontheHistoryoftheSongDynastyStoriesofImmortalsMoreStoriesofImmortalsArtsofWar(bySunBin)ArtsofWar(bySunWu)孙子兵法孙文学说MemoirsofaChineseRevolutionary(bySunYat-sen)太极图说太平广记太玄唐律疏议桃花源记天工开物陶庵梦忆天论

33、天问通典*蒙须知AnExplanationoftheDeiagramoftheAbsoluteTaipingMiscellanyExtensiveAnthologiesofTaipingGreatMysteryExpositionoftheTangPenalCodeTheStoryofthePeachBlossomSourceExpositionoftheWorksofNatureReminiscenceofTaoAnADiscussiononHeaven0nHeavenQuestionsAboutHeavenAComprehensiveStudyofHistoryWhatChildrenMu

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38、heNatureDrinkingAlonewiththeMoonNotesfromYueweiCottageTheStoryofYoyangTower增广贤文章氏遗书ThePopularCollectionofWiseSayingsThePosthumousWorksofZhangXuecheng战国策StratagemoftheWarringStates针灸甲乙经ClaSSiCofAcupunctureandMoxibustion正气歌TheSongoftheSpiritofRighteousness中观论疏CommentaryontheMadhyamikaSastra中观学派Madhyam

39、ikal宗教大乘佛教传统的重要学派。其名称意为中间”，意思取自它是介于说一切有部学派的唯实论和瑜伽行派的唯识论之间。最著名的思想家是龙树。中庸周髀算经周礼周书周易朱子家训资治通鉴DoctrineoftheMeanCentralHarmonyMathematicalClassicontheGnomonZhouRitesHistoryoftheZhouDynastyBookofChangesZhuFamilyAdmonitionsHistoryasaMirror资政新篇NeWGuidetoGovernment醉畲可记TheOldDrunkard1SArbour,传ZuoQiumingsCommentaryontheSpringandAutumnAnnals