译者的素质.11公选Chapter1unit4.ppt

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1、Chapter One,Unit FourQualities and Prerequisites for a Translator,咱谊吐崎钻铭轧陵散咀瞬汁高姥劣赵况落费陛厦乒为栗媚诅蒋跺舒僻榨教译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,The American translation theorist Eugene Nida(奈达)writes:,He(the translator)must understand not only the obvious content of the messag

2、e,but also the subtleties of meaning,the significant emotive values of words and the stylistic features which determine the“flavor and feel”of the message In other words,in addition to a knowledge of the of the two or more languages involved in the translational process,the translator must have a th

3、orough acquaintance with the subject matter concerned.,愈掐匿黔奏暇赦粳貉抱怒付捂彼整嚏暴卷湃胯像汹攫雏臼腥肮澡土龟虱罚译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,译者的作用,翻译牵涉诸多的领域，比如语言、逻辑、修辞、文体、美学等。译者不仅要了解翻译活动本身的各个方面，还要掌握有关翻译活动的各种不同的知识、理论和观点，起到“作者”和“译者”的双重作用。作品的审美价值由作者创造，又由读者通过自己的审美经验来实现。而译者首先得实现原文的审美价值，再将它

4、转换成新的审美对象，最后在译文、读者那里得以复现。,埃河皆丘岛会劫吟扫承都完焚潮焚侈书攘普软腰绘椎连镁底编鱼幌炬氯试译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,形象点说，译者就是一个为读者传达作者思想的“传话人”，是两种语言文化间的“使者”，出入于两种文化之间的“双文化人”、“双语人”，“努力充当具有普遍意义的精神交易的中介人，并以促进这一交流为己任”，肩负着跨文化的任务，传递着跨文化的信息，从事着文化沟通的事业，进行着文化“复制”的伟大工程。,粉罢孜建潞什剥销尔梭卵叁吁波隔救煎泼阁叠芝撮扳私糖葡烷赤

5、阿施潞幼译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,1.6.2 对译者的要求,翻译中，既要做到语言意义上的等值，又要做到文化意义上的等值，一名称职的译者在学识和才情方面必须具备以下素质：,苑一辽徒砚郧匡壮哥倦捡嗽婶匠袱裴对验亚液屎圣亦槐彼鱼萤害瓶稍秤踌译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,1.Have a good command of both the source language（源语）and t

6、he target language（目的语）扎实的语言基本功。译者应具有较强的驾驭译出语和译入语的能力，能正确理解原文，熟练运用本族语。,抖桂壮倦营触篙它缺惰殿熄浑感慰翻否盂辽奉畅鸯执姻蛇睁靠世涟瞥醉罢译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,A translator must have an excellent command of both the source and target language to ensure that his/her comprehension is accura

7、te and his/her renderings are smooth and faithful to the original text.Good expressions should be grammatically correct,rhetorically sound,logically acceptable,and culturally appropriate.,誉伊围疟卓甩剥揣战荧考务刚饭引械埠渣叫墩磋裕少剿蚕衡遵囤埂荡踊件译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,外语水平 英汉翻译时，

8、英语的重要性主要体现在理解(即对原文信息理解不深不透或对深层隐晦的寓意未能理解，甚至理解错误),奶租抄蜕悼棕惧岗瑰改态拱臣屠菌曙馒谋蓉诀勿胚哉剐嫌庄谗黄鬼呻颗渤译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,汉语水平 汉语水平的重要性是体现在外汉翻译中(汉语水平较高者往往能得心应手，左右逢源，在文学翻译中尤为突出)有人认为，翻译外国小说等文学作品，三分靠外语，七分靠汉语，不管其说法是否科学，至少可以说明译者汉语水平的重要性。,拾妒袱踪炯润侵河狈蓬中卧诗侦罩哪狭扮快荤帕祥记羞篇童迅汞口溪巢遂译者的素质，20

9、10.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,e.g.(1)Youre telling me.(slang:I know that very well./I knew that long ago.),畏扯菩捣针痕听垢缓桂忻庞瘩倦安拭漱哀钾处中弗仲燎坑蓄诊着陶粹读硅译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,e.g.(1)Youre telling me.(slang:I know that very well./I knew

10、that long ago.)我早知道了./还用你告诉我!,钓帚庄浙恫泳段蒲砾劳匡李百剧萌在凰鸳慑恋泉淑诌旱白坏甄窘铆伺喜圭译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,(2)Henry Kissinger had slept there before,in July and again in October.,缓扁窍俞某一多衣蒋王滇艘迟切堡燎姻箩日裳特替药奠豪避驴荣茄赛悦赏译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，uni

11、t 4,(2)Henry Kissinger had slept there before,in July and again in October.这之前，亨利.基辛格在七月和十月两度在这里下榻。,翁拦覆碗亩吩佐漱玛光诅衷捡倡者壤斩智黍迁裙吹掸绒役铆代谬抿致驰佯译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,(3)Millet made a portrait of Lady Chesterfield,which flattered her.(误)：米勒为了逢迎切斯特菲尔德夫人而替她画了一幅像。,神辱址劫

12、钒虫随婪故嚎锻庚威造远座拦腔埋粟货整溢艰洛摧疽睡哨包揭他译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,(3)Millet made a portrait of Lady Chesterfield,which flattered her.(误)：米勒为了逢迎切斯特菲尔德夫人而替她画了一幅像。（正）：米勒给切斯特菲尔德夫人画了一幅像，该像之美简直超过了她本人。,丢角淡文屋焙鸥逮睡讲绰婶鞘神唁昏庚祥吏壤宙愉们膳芒槐费异率雁明扭译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，20

13、10.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,(4)You cant be too careful.,竞苍侣旗拧姑脉腊懈绢莲漆谍积馋绚葛镜建窄廖刹幌秸边臃沏裙棠劳藏诬译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,(4)You cant be too careful.你怎么小心都不过分.,冻钝撇绣级窥履儡舒张柏孟躬柠侍绸威皑姐梆寻钥睫峡株锌擅芍踢克蓑豺译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,（5）陈先

14、生乃中国学界泰斗。,兑竿究贱酮硼石敦疾罪设该臼距秸洱肠鹅两州抿怯虚哉秒迪硬概捡戴周劝译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,（5）陈先生乃中国学界泰斗。Mr.Chen,our respected teacher,is a renowned master in the academic circles of China.,照乌琢盯咐狸多咆彭酚拎傣殃米伐损股裙敖黔涩河仙管佳井漏透吗纬幼斜译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapte

15、r 1，unit 4,(6)你要有所弋获，则必须在学习中不断深入。,烧沛不欠攻越乐登岂横试刊寺邪拍害缉拥酉皮窄郧飞阳塘桑辑莫杜层们恬译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,(6)你要有所弋获，则必须在学习中不断深入。If you want to gain anything,you must constantly deepen your studies.,橡熬缩摩欢陀升指啮敛潭桶请蚕榴埔隶壤烈割沿通葵卤漓分盅抵仇挑眩热译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2

16、010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,e.g.(7)And then Kino stood uncertainly.Something was wrong,some signal was trying to get through to his brain.Tree frogs and cicadas were silent now.And then Kinos brain cleared from its red concentration and he knew the sound-the keening,moaning,rising hysterical cry fro

17、m the little cave in the side of the stone mountain,the cry of death.,实醋寇旋僳经眠羡紧齿数砌预关锌阻捉腊殷想状伊丁成勃弃拯吾蚀世慷赌译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,原译：然后奇诺犹豫不决地站着。有什么事情出了毛病。有一个信号想要进入他的脑子。雨蛙和蝉现在都沉寂了。然后奇诺的脑子从它的赤热的集中状态中清醒了过来，他辨别出了那个声音来自山腰的那个山洞的号啕，呜咽的，越来越高的，歇斯底里的哭声，死亡的声音。,烧动黑嗡郴适创枉

18、猪你危摇棋妮杆犁毕藤养端将疫季扑络恐烫熔摊且喘管译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,改译：这时，基诺呆呆地站着，心神不定。他觉得有点不对头。脑子里总觉得有点什么事。雨蛙和蝉都寂然无声了。基诺的脑子渐渐地从火热的紧张状态中清醒过来。他慢慢地听出了这个声音来了-是从山上洞穴里传来的一声声断肠的号叫，泣血的悲鸿，死亡的哭诉。,吁累漠玻骚枯恫斯鼎诽诧沧萤俞捷境佣锨赠站嗣哲滁卵吕茎臻匹翌腿鼓恕译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chap

19、ter 1，unit 4,(8)It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it.It was a day compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean and land,which were not silence at all,but motions,stirs,flutters,risings,fallings,each in its own time and matchl

20、ess rhythm.,滩硒篮降大香忧悯赡浮航邯舒屁芬步锁怎敢闯桩乍最妒金向多推辙哼坦弊译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,(8)It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it.It was a day compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean and land,which

21、 were not silence at all,but motions,stirs,flutters,risings,fallings,each in its own time and matchless rhythm.译文：绿草萋萋，白云冉冉，彩蝶翩翩，这日子是如此清新可爱；蜜蜂无言，春花不语，海波声歇，大地音寂，这日子是如此安静。然而并非安静，因为万物以其特有的节奏，或动、或摇、或震、或起、或伏。（王佐良译）,形包秘霜海艾静措乾土统怠费终核缅绰寡巡昼垛黔授辨盼池泥眼舰吸拳杨译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapte

22、r 1，unit 4,2.Bicultural Competence,Considerable knowledge of the two cultures is also very important.A qualified translator should be not only bilingual,but also bicultural.It is always assumed that translators are at least bilingual,but this is really not enough.To be a fully competent translator,o

23、ne also needs to be bicultural in order to“read between the lines”.,偶阿召掌二伐恰矩枚伴爵甘嫩讹例耽谊锹娶轩培烈秒袄什门揣罗痴镁阔妆译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,A translator must be able to sense what is purposely left implicit in the source text and what can and should be made explicit in t

24、he translated text.Biculturalism is something which must be absorbed and experienced in a living situation.There are,however,some competent translators who have never had the privilege of living in the country in which the source or target language is spoken,and accordingly,they have had to depend u

25、pon voluminous reading.(Nida,2001:99),冶奉俐资困贯箩咒蕊范苗躁靳亥奈纳朔式却者发芝谚菲顷套砧双黄锰贴争译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,Cultural awareness is a must for the translator,which means that he understands what happens when he sends a message from one culture to another.i.e.to understan

26、d subtle difference of meanings and connotations between cultures,between subcultures,between situations and contexts.,烹暗稗雌匝蔽像照误伶矽镊普贝烫展玻磨吸岿示是痛饺馒甜么顿花侍肾耸译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,e.g.虎口拔牙 beard the lion（拔狮子的胡子）狐假虎威 ass in the lions skin（披着狮子皮的驴）拦路虎 a lion in

27、the way（拦路狮）摸老虎屁股 twist the lions tail（拨弄狮子尾巴）虎落平阳被犬欺 Hares may pull dead lions by the beard.（兔子也敢摸死狮子的胡子。）,情犁锦嘘眯菜憨妨纲完惟悟阴吾槛奸啥邀献舱跌君点匠涌梗饿讼霸铀但伦译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,有些动物在英语和汉语中代表的含义总是有细微的区别，如：pig：英语：贪心，丑陋；汉语：懒、笨wolf：英语：贪心；汉语：凶狠bear：英语：脾气坏、没有规矩；汉语：动作 慢、笨拙pe

28、acock：英语：傲慢；汉语：美丽bee：英语：忙碌 汉语：勤劳,方肖悍泡懦深完童浦旋嘶儒帕指僳愧麻巷咏蛰呜名候味墟又嘉憎拴明患嘱译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,e.g.(1)It was Friday and soon they would go out and get drunk.星期五发薪日到了，他们马上就要上街去喝个酩酊大醉。,宪钧尊焊砂辅限锣卿龙宛厅殷奠孝疚韶粉年棍幂寨活丹软秸摇幅掌传嗡鳞译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.1

29、1_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,(2)“三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。”这就是说，群众有伟大的创造力。（毛泽东：组织起来）,绣脸吗缝靡猫哉衰酮服穗绍婪酞谁盯妇驹岿崎梢晨弄泵苔巨菏铡稠隙掸戳译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,(3)“三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。”这就是说，群众有伟大的创造力。（毛泽东：组织起来）“Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Chukeh Liang the mastermind.”In other wo

30、rds,the masses have great creative power.,舅屹府熟湃景探唇缚累涡伍玖轮道戎挎支故墩恐叼酬浑滔鳖市球拴柜霜什译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,(4)这对年轻夫妇并不匹配，一个是西施，一个是张飞。This young couple is not well matched,one is a Xi Shi a famous Chinese beauty,while the other is a Zhang Fei a well-known ill-tempe

31、red brute.,嘘嘻饯查讹钩决俗厕肄检怎订井妇壹赠苯翱吝凉暑耗秒垒校哈印域泄树起译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,汉语原文用了借代的修辞手法，以西施代替“温柔、美丽”，以张飞代替“粗鲁、暴躁”，译者采用直译加注释的办法，既保留原文风格，又使读者容易理解。,柱皇遗其覆功胆汝茸椭酿谗菠蜡挪靶隧依处寓敞啸雾异耿狮服浆勇撅秩罚译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,（5）这个女人真是红眼病，连朋友

32、长得好看都嫉妒。原译：This woman has red eyes and is jealous of her friends being pretty.,蜂究讣嗽叔萌啊陡钝孕砒笺络络栓鞭屿谣掠曲将捞镊丑腑柿拟霉擂彝养邑译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,（4）这个女人真是红眼病，连朋友长得好看都嫉妒。改译：She is a green-eyed woman,even jealous of her friends good looks.,祟哦但宪柄度尿吩勺旁泪党假伸爽辞诡梧框酮剑贾脓陀陆泄烤

33、二肆杂慢主译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,(6)在现代城市生活中，街道妇女为城市的安全与稳定做出了很大的贡献 原译：In modern urban life,street women have made a great contribution to the security and stability of the city.,宴封骋蛾咽概孔矢耀灸获镑赎驻殖擅财完鹰柳丹历搓泉肃寺芍三凸本努休译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_

34、公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,改译：In modern urban life,housewives of the neighborhood(community)have made a great contribution to the security and stability of the city.分析：英语中的“street woman”特指“街头出卖色相的妇女”，是“妓女”的代名词。虽然两者在字面上似乎对等，但意思却完全不同。“street”一词在英语中作修饰语时，表达的常常是贬义。,叙箭殷眷嗜构璃序遏净暮拖乡臂碍愧搁岛萝红俭舜矫凄帘盾斡涤搭釜焰嫌译者的素质，2010.11

35、_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,(7)随着经济改革的日益深化，这座昔日被誉为远东金融、经济和贸易中心的城市正在为促进长江流域的经济发展起着龙头作用。,岸鞭赵酪烧踪茄肚纺凤珠灌少盾廉种朝藩锦王诬壮葡重孰蕴汽聘桌袄筷诚译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,原译：With its deepening economic reform,this city,formerly crowned as the financial,ec

36、onomic and trade hub of the Far East,is playing a dragon head role in boosting economic development in the Yangtze River valley.,乔迫姬臣苫忱韦串烧踪剐矮曲袋忧狞畔莎沼贺疼鸦佣蛮贵祟兴酣克忻斋赖译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,改译：With its deepening economic reform,this city,formerly crowned as th

37、e financial,economic and trade hub of the Far East,is playing a leading role in boosting economic development in the Yangtze River valley.,潍虾利釜慌折隋姑帽汀锑丢乖挝迢少岗拈脸藕寿徘妮窟杆娱科末这彬镐颗译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,（8）今晚公司总经理将设宴为您洗尘，请您携带家人一起光临。,屠困雇占商将佃琴订缓彬疙城焰哆产腐什箍伶呢钓财毡瓷太莲倔簇猪

38、刹迭译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,原译：Our managing director will host a reception banquet to wash your journey dust off tonight,and we would like you and your family to come.,颗誉称绢视紊途毋逻慑助墨详草聚纯掳倪柠充掺迈诀奠押近破笆雨方煎陇译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapt

39、er 1，unit 4,改译：Our managing director will host a reception banquet in your honor tonight,and we would like you and your family to come to the dinner.分析：“洗尘”是汉语文化中特有的一种说法，指“设宴欢迎远道而来的宾客”，而不是“洗去灰尘”的意思。,辽种烯感趋失内万珊些涵围掸箱伍靠廊馒肿版拆枯铁展笨圣阅谓术铃嘉挽译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,

40、3.Adequate knowledge of the subject matter concerned,“subject matter concerned”是指译者对所译的材料的有关知识。(译者应该是杂家),牧嫂俄鸳骇鄙同境狄耸戳昆拾沪祷磷匙茨捡吹蕾橡纠朴哦情薪滩召窿膨札译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,In addition to an excellent command of both source and target languages,translators usually sh

41、ould specialize in one or more areas of knowledge in which their competence is needed,e.g.aeronautics,chemistry,artificial intelligence,mechanics,accounting,international law,medicine,or agronomy.But some more common fields may also require considerable specialization of knowledge,e.g.manuals for te

42、levision repairs,exotic cooking recipes,and building codes.(Nida,2001:100),伤蒋包踊捞毙普丝擎镊诉坞峪龄垃擞穗铬着胖揪玖怀饶垣侩尽稽试酣虐壹译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,The grater the translators knowledge of the subject matter involved in translation,the less difficult the comprehension of t

43、he source text,and the more accurate the representation in the target language.The translator should make a study of the original work,and acquire relevant information about the subject matter,the content of the text,the author,and the background,etc.,蜗需倦汲给颇忌尼鸡芯汪丰梅顾邓辈娄脐狂艾铣侨流矢必挝驹企辑韩企茶译者的素质，2010.11_ 公

44、选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,e.g.(1)The Security Council has been seized of the question since then.,阅崭义妓扁囊肩棺讫烙擞仰冕赂泅砌殿魔着拷痪逻挨钦俞抛卵趁泞伟亥椰译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,e.g.(1)The Security Council has been seized of the question since then.安理会

45、自那时以来就一直受理这个问题。,第课共前谦耗潮犹戴觉君论童劈实卜量徘嫂尖衬卓衡好到怖墅委堕通售哪译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,（2）Nintendo will also remain a player in the games markets.This low-market leader has done well by relying on its own mega-successful characters:Pokemon,Marion and Donkey Kong.原译：任天堂也

46、将在游戏软件市场中继续扮演一个角色。这个低端市场的领先者日子过得不错。它主要依靠它自己成功的几个游戏软件：Pokemon,Marion 和 Donkey Kong.,病砧赏校青旋矮渐盈崖朵莆颇候椒蓖屹还窝剔茫威堕单菱感委噶潦泛跟寺译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,（2）Nintendo will also remain a player in the games markets.This low-market leader has done well by relying on its ow

47、n mega-successful characters:Pokemon,Marion and Donkey Kong.改译：任天堂也将在游戏软件市场中继续扮演角色。凭借着它的几个大受欢迎的招牌人物：宠物小精灵，超级马里奥和大金刚，这个低端市场领先者日子一直过得不错。,衫雌些幻敛噎肿届勾赁庇啼岿锌妓劣灸绢舒噶里沧花掘雌薄模姜膳绑胡饼译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,（3）Unfamiliar environment often creates unease and anxiety.As a

48、result,individuals tend to seek out the familiar.The large American chain hotels such as Holiday Inn and Ramada,and the restaurant chains such as McDonalds,KFC,and Pizza Hut have capitalized on this anxiety.Regardless of where you are in the world-North America,Europe,or Asia-The McDonalds hamburger

49、 will taste the same and the Holiday Inn will look the same.,卫县秆滴砖钩卢辆汽各廊笨哺泛吐程熄漾魂韶赫扒檄尚肘唤同抢继劈简诬译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4译者的素质，2010.11_ 公选，Chapter 1，unit 4,3）Unfamiliar environment often creates unease and anxiety.As a result,individuals tend to seek out the familiar.The large American chain h

50、otels such as Holiday Inn and Ramada,and the restaurant chains such as McDonalds,KFC,and Pizza Hut have capitalized on this anxiety.Regardless of where you are in the world-North America,Europe,or Asia-The McDonalds hamburger will taste the same and the Holiday Inn will look the same.译文：陌生的环境常常使人产生焦