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1、城市给水工程给水管网设计一方案1.1管网定线12居民区给水管网系统设计计算1.2.1水厂设计规模1.2.2居民区用水规律1.2.3是否设置水塔的讨论1.2.4清水池有效容积的计算1.2.5管网系统计算1 .3工业区给水管网系统设计计算1.1.1 水厂二设计规模1.3 .2工业区管网设计计算1.4 管网定线本设计城市B市分为三个区,有化工厂、电视机场两个工业企业,其余为居民居住区。根据任务书,工业生产用水的水质标准统一采用经过沉淀后的水质要求,而居民区以及工业企业生活用水的供水水质则必须符合现行的生活饮用水卫生标准的要求。由此可见,工业区与居民区的供水水质有所差别。所以本方案如下:工业生产供水与
2、居民区供水(包括工业企业生活用水)采用两个独立的管网系统。共设两个水厂:水厂1从河中取水,经过处理达到生活饮用水卫生标准后经管网供给B市居民区(包括工业企业生活用水)。供水管网采用的是统一环状给水管网系统,水经管网沿线分配给居民。水厂2从河中取水,经过混凝沉淀处理后供给B市两大企业生产用水。工业区生产用水则比较集中,采用树状管网集中供应。1.5 居民区给水管网系统设计计算居民区给水管网图1.1系统1.5.1 水厂设计规模居民区的设计供水量由以下部分组成:1、综合生活用水(包括居民生活用水和公共设施用水)。2、工作人员生活用水量。3、浇洒道路和绿地用水量。4、管网漏失水量。5、未预见用水量。6、
3、消防水量水厂1的设计规模,是由上述组成部分中(1)(5)最高日水量之和确定的,消防用水量不累计到设计总用水量中,仅作为校核时使用。本设计中B市共分为三个区,其中I区人口为10万人,II区人口为35万人,III区人口为20万人。总人口为65万人。根据室外给水设计规范,B市为人口大于50万,不满100万的大城市,按二类城市设计,则该市综合生活用水定额最高日为170260L/(capd),取250L/(capd),城市用水普及率为100%。(1)城市最高日综合生活用水量QlQ=qN=250*650000l000=162500m3d(2)工业企业内工作人员生活用水量和淋浴用水量Q2计算如下表:表1.1
4、生活用水量和淋浴用水量计算表班生活用水淋浴用水日用制一般车间25L(cap班)高温车间35L(cap班)一般车间40L(cap班)高温车间60L(cap班)水量合计m3d每班人数0用水量每班人数日用水量每班人数日用水量每班人数日用水量1210052.54900171.5112041.84480268.8537.62210052.54900171.5168067.23920235.2526.43180045420014784033.63360201.6427.21491.2则Q2=1491.2m3d(3)浇洒道路和绿地用水量Q3依据规范,浇洒道路用水可按浇洒面积以2.03.0L(Pd)计算;浇洒
5、绿地用水可按浇洒面积以LO3.0L(m2d)计算。本设计中,浇洒道路用水按2.5L(m2d)计算;浇洒绿地用水按2.0L(m2d)计算;B市街道面积约为1451000m2,绿化面积约为137.74m2o则Q3=(14510002.5+137.742.0)1000=3627.7(m2d)(4)给水管网漏失水量Q4依据规范,城镇配水管网的漏损水量宜按(1)(3)款水量之和的10%12%计算,取10%则Q4=10%(Q1+Q2+Qs)=10%(162500+1491.2+3627.7)=16761.9(m2d)(4-1)(5)未预见水量水量Q5依据规范,未预见水量应根据水量预测时难以预见因素的程度确
6、定,宜采用(1)(4)款水量之和的8%12%,取10%o则Q5=10%X(Q1+Q2+Q3+Q4)=IO%(162500+1491.2+3627.7+16761.9)=18438.1(m2d)(4-2)(6)消防用水量Q6B市的总人口为65万,按照同时发生火灾次数为3次,每次灭火用水量为90Ls计算,贝():Q6=390=270Ls(7)居民区最高日设计用水量Q7Q=Q+Q2+Qs+Q4+Q5=162500+1491.2+3627.7+16761.9+18438.1=202819(m2d)(4-3)则水厂1的设计规模为202819m3d1.2.2居民区用水规律表1.2B市居民区每小时用水量占最
7、高日用水量百分比时段(M12233445566778用水量系数(%)2.532.452.502.532.573.095.311.92时段89910lO-ll11-121213131414151516用水量系数(%)5.175.105.075.215.091.811.991.70时段16171718181919202021212222232324用水量系数(%)1.621.975.181.891.391.173.122.48由上表绘制居民区用水量变化曲线:曲线1.2.3是否设置水塔的讨论假设本设计中设置水塔,用来调节水泵供水与用水之间的流量差,并拟定二级泵站的供水曲线如下:图L3设水塔时二级泵站
8、供水曲线由图3二级泵站供水曲线可以看出,二级泵站分两级供水:520时,水泵流量为最高日用水量的1.50%;其余时刻,水泵流量为最高日用水量的3.61%.虽然,每小时水泵的供水与用水量不相等,但是一天内泵站总供水量等于最高日用水量,即:3.61%9+1.50%15=100%一级泵站为均匀供水,二级泵站为分级供水,所以一、二级泵站之间需要建造清水池来调节两个泵站之间供水量的差额。如图4,在520时,一级泵站供水量小于二级泵站,此时,二级泵站从清水池中取水;在20时到次日5时,一级泵站供水量大于二级泵站,此时,多余的水储存在清水池中。容积清水池的调节容积,由一、二级泵站供水量曲线确定;水塔容积由二级
9、泵站供水线和用水量曲线确定。具体计算如下表:表1.3清水池调节容积计算表时间用水量%二级泵站供水量%一级泵站供水量%清水池调节容积%水塔调节容积%无水塔有水塔012.533.611.17-1.64-0.56-1.08122.453.611.16-1.71-0.55-1.16232.53.611.17-1.67-0.56-1.11342.533.611.16-1.63-0.55-1.08452.573.611.17-1.6-0.56-1.04563.091.51.17-1.080.33-1.41675.311.51.161.150.340.81781.921.51.160.760.340.428
10、95.171.51.1710.330.679105.11.51.170.930.330.610115.211.51.161.050.340.7111125.211.51.171.040.330.7112135.091.51.170.920.330.5913141.811.51.160.650.340.3114151.991.51.160.830.340.4915161.71.51.170.530.330.216171.621.51.170.450.330.1217181.971.51.170.80.330.4718195.181.51.161.020.340.68192O1.891.51.17
11、0.720.330.3920211.393.611.170.22-0.560.7821221.173.611.17O-0.560.5622233.123.621.17-L05-0.55-0.523242.483.611.17-1.69-0.56-1.13累计10010010012.075.018.51由上表可以看出在设置水塔时,清水池调节容积为最高日用水量的5.01%,水塔的调节容积为最高日用水量的8.51%。总调节容积=501%+8.51%=1352%,略大于不设置水塔时清水池的调节容积。由于B市属于大城市,用水量大,而水塔的容积较小起不到多少调节作用并且B市用水比较均匀,致使水塔的调节容积
12、较大,但水塔造价高,不经济。所以通过以上分析决定居民区管网系统中不设置水塔,直接采用水泵调节流量。故本设计为无水塔的管网系统。清水池的调节容积为最高日用水量的12.07%。清水池调节容积W=12.07%Qd=12.07%202819=24480m3(4-4)1.2.4清水池有效容积的计算清水池有效容积W按下式计算:W=W1+W2+W3+W4(m3)(4-5)其中:Wi清水池调节容积,11由管网部分计算得知,调节容积为24480m3W2水厂冲洗滤池和沉淀池排泥等生产用水,H?,最高日用水量的5%-10%,这里取5%W3一消防贮水量,m3oW3=TQ73600/1000=3.6TQ7(4-6)其中
13、:T一消防历时,采用2h火灾延续时间计算。Q7一消防用水量,Ls.W4一安全储备水量,m3o按最高日用水量的0.5%计算。W3=TQI=2X2703.6=1944m3W1=24480m3W2=5%Qd=5%202819=10141m3W4=0.5%Qd=0.5%202819=1011.1m3清水池的有效容积:W=W1+W2W3+W4=24480+10141+1944+1011.1=37580m3(4-7)设置4座矩形钢筋混凝土清水池,则单座清水池体积为375804=9395m3,设清水池有效水深L4m,则单格清水池占地面积为2136r2,尺寸设为BxL=39.6mx54m,则实际面积为2139
14、m2,实际水深为1.40mo1.2.5管网系统计算(1)管网设计流量管网以最高日最高时的流量作为设计流量,由图3可以看出时变化系数=1.27,则最高日最高时用水量=10732.5m3h=2981.3Ls(4-8)(2)沿线流量和节点流量的确定管 段 编 号图上距离实际长度配水长度cmmm17.878039029.898049037.979079048.3830415管 段 编 号图上距离实际长度配水长度cmmm227700700239.2920920242.1210210259.6960480表L4 管段长度续表1.4管段编号图上距离实际长度配水长度cmmm518.41840184069.99
15、9099079.494047086.464032097.5750750107.1710710119.99904951211.911901190139.9990990141.7470470156.56506501611.614607301713.9139013901813.3133013301911.6146014602019.119101433管段编号图上距离实际长度配水长度cmmm269.3930930275.9590295287.9790790292.2220220309.19109103110.91090545329.2920920338.28204103412.312301230351
16、3.213201320365.1510255377.2720720381.2420210398.78704354011.61160580累30053216.7670670计引入长度比流量q,则q=0.0992L(s.m)(4-9)由此可算出各个管段的沿线流量:表1.5管段沿线流量计算表管段编号实际长度m配水长度m管段沿线流量1./s178039038.69298049048.61379079078.37483041541.17518401840182.53699099098.21794047046.62864032031.74975075071.401071071070.43续表1.5管段编号
17、实际长度m配水长度m管段沿线流量1./s1199049549.101211901190118.051399099098.211447047046.621565065061.4816146073072.421713901390137.891813301330131.941914601460141.832019101433142.162167067066.462270070069.442392092091.272421021020.832596048047.622693093092.262759029529.262879079078.372922022021.823091091090.273110
18、9054551.063292092091.273382041040.673412301230122.023513201320130.953651025525.303772072071.433842021020.833987043543.1540116058057.54由于流量变化的管段难以确定管径和水头损失,所以将管段的沿线流量转化为节点流量(以流出节点为正,流入节点为负),则:表L6节点流量计算表节点编号节点设计流量1./s119.34282.83节点编号节点设计流量1./s15136.9016192.45节点编号节点设计流量1./s341.894107.145216.766128.2274
19、7.868-2981.309111.1110211.2811173.6012127.9713127.871493.25续表1.6节点编号节点设计流量1./s17128.471896.131990.032096.2321101.682280.1123100.6924207.832596.232631.222786.062839.18(3)管段水力计算首先,进行管网初分配,即利用最大时用水量对管网进行流量分配,初步确定管段的计算流量,确定管段的管径。但是,管径不但和管段流量有关系,而且和流速的大小有关,所以在初步确定管段的计算流量后,还需选定流速来确定管径。将初步确定好的管径、节点流量输入平差软件
20、进行平差,这时管段的流量将会按照管网的水力特性进行分配,其数值并不等于初分配时的流量。具体数据如下表:表1.7管段水力计算结果编号长度直径流量流速G位水头损失总损失mmmLPSm/sm/kmm178025019.340.391.020.80298020013.470.431.541.51379035088.700.923.312.61483030058.360.833.232.68518401000.730.090.200.37699030039.810.561.591.5779401002.940.372.692.538640500107.870.550.840.549750600261.9
21、20.941.821.3710710600229.320.811.390.991199025041.920.921.831.78121190600113.810.400.380.4513990600212.730.751.211.2014470700259.920.680.830.39续表17编号长度直径流量流速G位水头损失总损失mmmLPSm/sm/kmm156501002.030.261.360.88161460400105.170.842.373.46171390700380.280.991.682.34181330700355.740.921.481.97191460800385.86
22、0.770.901.31201910700171.820.450.400.762167040066.270.531.010.6822700800450.920.901.200.8423920700148.120.380.290.2724210700366.210.951.560.3325960600261.690.941.821.752693013001147.220.860.640.6027590900637.161.001.280.7628790700321.490.841.250.99292201200918.960.810.620.1430910900157.800.250.100.0
23、93110901000679.210.860.860.94329201100862.850.910.850.78338201300875.070.660.380.313412301000662.230.840.821.013513201000372.410.470.280.373651015001442.130.820.480.24377201000780.850.991.120.81384201000598.890.760.680.293987015001501.980.850.520.454011601000638.070.810.770.894160014001490.660.970.7
24、20.434260014001490.660.970.720.43(4)二泵站水泵扬程确定确定控制点首先,要假设一个控制点。控制点是给水管网用水压力最难满足的节点,一般是距离二级泵站最远的点或者有特殊水压要求的点。本设计中节点【6】所处的位置是B市最高的,并且【6】所在的区域平均楼层为8层,对水压要求较高。所以选择【6】为控制点。并以【6】作为管网的定压节点进行平差。节点6的总水头为317.50+36=353.50m。以此平差,结果如下表:表1.8平差结果编号标高需水量总水头自由水头mLPSmm1300.0019.34348.5148.512305.0082.83349.3141.313308
25、.0041.89350.8242.824300.00107.14352.3052.305306.50216.76351.9245.426317.50128.22353.5036.007305.0047.86350.9745.979299.00111.11352.8353.8310305.00211.28353.2848.2811311.80173.60351.4839.6812311.00127.97351.8740.8713308.20127.87355.7547.5514300.0093.25356.2956.2915302.50136.90355.6153.1116305.00192.4
26、5356.4551.4517306.80128.47356.1849.3818306.5096.13356.5150.0119300.0090.03358.0358.0320300.0096.23357.0457.0421300.80101.68357.1856.3822303.5080.11357.2753.7723300.00100.69358.9758.9724300.00207.83357.9657.9625300.5096.23357.5857.0826300.0031.22359.2259.2227300.0086.06358.7658.7628300.0039.18357.875
27、7.87发现所有节点的水压都满足,所以当初假设的控制点是正确的,【6】为管网中真正的控制点。水泵最大扬程的确定HP=(H2Hl)+(hf-Hhm)+hpm(4-10)其中,H2水泵所在管段的终端节点水头,mo本设计中为【26】的节点水头。Hi一水泵所在管段的起端节点水头,mo本设计中为二级泵站吸水井的最低水位标高,取295m。hf-水泵所在管段的沿程水头损失,m,采用海曾-威廉(HaZen-WilliamS)公式计算。hm一水泵所在管段的局部水头损失,m,一般忽略不计。hpm水泵内部的水头损失,mo一般水泵吸压水管道设计流速为L2-2ms,局部阻力系数可按5.0-80考虑,沿程水头损失较小,可
28、以忽略不计。本设计中出于安全考虑,取吸压水管道设计流速为2s,局部阻力系数为8.0。则水泵最大扬程:Hp=(H2-Hi)+10.67q18521Cw1852D,87+hpm(4-11)=359.22-0.43+8.02.0229.81=66.28m(5)二泵站水泵选型参考给水排水设计手册第U册常用设备,则选则6台600S75A型水泵(南京古尔兹制泵有限公司),5用1备,并联使用。水泵参数如下:表1.9600S75A型水泵主要参数型号流量扬程转速轴功率电动机功率效率气蚀余量m3/hmr/minkWkW%m600S75A288062970608710808.1以上是泵在最高效运行条件下的参数,而实
29、际运行中,在用水高峰期5台泵均开启,每台泵的流量为596.27Ls,扬程为71.19m。在用水低峰期可以只开启其中3台泵来调节。(6)选泵后数据平差选好泵后再次进行平差,所得的管网实际平差结果如下:表1.10管段水力计算结果编号长度直径流量流速单位水头损失总损失mmmLPSm/sm/kmm178025019.340.391.020.80298020013.470.431.541.51379035088.700.923.312.61483030058.360.833.232.68518401000.730.090.200.37699030039.810.561.591.5779401002.94
30、0.372.692.538640500107.870.550.840.549750600261.920.941.821.3710710600229.320.81L390.991199025041.920.921.831.78121190600113.810.400.380.4513990600212.730.751.211.2014470700259.920.680.830.39续表1.10编号长度直径流量流速单位水头损失总损失mmmLPSm/sm/kmm156501002.030.261.360.88161460400105.170.842.373.46171390700380.280.99
31、1.682.34181330700355.740.921.481.97191460800385.860.770.901.31201910700171.820.450.400.762167040066.270.531.010.6822700800450.920.901.200.8423920700148.120.380.290.2724210700366.210.951.560.3325960600261.690.941.821.752693013001147.220.860.640.6027590900637.161.00L280.7628790700321.490.841.250.99292
32、201200918.960.810.620.1430910900157.800.250.100.093110901000679.210.860.860.94329201100862.850.910.850.78338201300875.070.660.380.313412301000662.230.840.821.013513201000372.410.470.280.373651015001442.130.820.480.24377201000780.850.991.120.81384201000598.890.760.680.293987015001501.980.850.520.4540
33、11601000638.070.810.770.894160014001490.660.970.720.434260014001490.660.970.720.43表1.11节点计算结果编号标需水量总水头自由水头mLPSmm1300.0019.34355.0555.052305.0082.83355.8450.843308.0041.89357.3549.354300.00107.14358.8358.835306.50216.76358.4651.96续表1.11编号标高需水量总水头自由水头mLPSmm6317.50128.22360.0342.537305.0047.86357.5052.
34、509299.00111.11359.3760.3710305.00211.28359.8251.8211311.80173.60361.0246.2212311.00127.97361.4147.4113308.20127.87362.2951.0914300.0093.25362.8262.8215302.50136.90362.1559.6516305.00192.45362.9957.9917306.80128.47362.7255.9218306.5096.13363.0556.5519300.0090.03361.5761.5720300.0096.23363.5863.58213
35、00.80101.68363.7262.9222303.5080.11363.8060.3023300.00100.69365.5165.5124300.00207.83361.4961.4925300.5096.23361.1263.6226300.0031.22365.7565.7527300.0086.06365.3065.3028300.0039.18361.4161.41从节点平差结果可以看出控制点【6】的自由水压为42.53m,满足要求,其它点也满足要求。(7)管网设计校核给水管网按最高日最高时用水量进行设计,管段管径、水泵扬程和水塔高度等都是按此时的工况进行设计的。它们在一般情况下都能满足供水的要求,但是有一些特殊要求,它们并不一定能保证供水,所以需要进行管网设计校核。分两种情况校核:消防工况和事故工况。由于没有设置水塔,无需进行水塔转输工况校核。消防工况校核B市的人口65万人,按照同时有3处火灾考虑,每处的灭火流量为90Ls,一处加在控制点【6】,一处加【11】,一处加在【1】处,这三处的节点流量各加90Ls后进行平差。发现【1】的流速过大
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