清华大学物理实验A1阻尼振动及受迫振动实验报告.doc

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1、-阻尼振动与受迫振动实验物理实验简要报告阻尼振动与受迫振动实验报告简要报告一、阻尼振动实验数据记录及处理1、测量最小阻尼(阻尼0)时的阻尼比和固有角频率序号序号11294.859812404261104.700480366-0.15933203921284.852030264271094.691347882-0.16068238231274.844187086281084.682131227-0.16205585941274.844187086291084.682131227-0.16205585951254.828313737301074.672828834-0.15548490361254

2、.828313737311064.663439094-0.16487464371244.820281566321064.663439094-0.15684247181234.812184355331044.644390899-0.16779345691224.804021045341034.634728988-0.169292057101214.795790546351034.634728988-0.161061557111214.795790546361024.624972813-0.170817732121204.787491743371024.624972813-0.1625189291

3、31194.779123493381014.615120517-0.164002976141184.770684624391004.605170186-0.165514438151174.762173935401004.605170186-0.157003749161184.77068462441994.59511985-0.175564774171174.76217393542984.584967479-0.177206456181164.75359019143984.584967479-0.168622712191154.74493212844974.574710979-0.1702211

4、5201144.73619844845964.564348191-0.171850257211144.73619844846964.564348191-0.171850257221134.72738781947954.553876892-0.173510927231124.71849887148944.543294782-0.175204089241124.71849887149944.543294782-0.175204089251104.70048036650934.532599493-0.167880873-4.166448636-0.166657945于是得到：由得到：从而可得。序号1

5、2345/s14.92614.93514.94414.95114.958由上表，可得均值。角频率的不确定度为：由此，角频率为：2、测量其他2种阻尼的相关振动参数。1阻尼1序号序号11054.6539603506674.204692619-0.4492677312964.5643481917614.110873864-0.4534743273884.4773368148564.025351691-0.4519851234804.3820266359503.912023005-0.4700036305734.29045944110463.828641396-0.461818045-2.286548

6、856-0.457309771由得到：可得阻尼比：序号12345/s1.4981.4991.4981.4981.497序号678910/s1.4971.4961.4951.4931.493由上表，可得均值角频率的不确定度为：角频率为：2阻尼2序号序号11635.0937502016884.477336814-0.61641338621444.9698133007784.356708827-0.61310447331274.8441870868684.219507705-0.62467938141134.7273878199604.094344562-0.63304325651004.60517

7、018610533.970291914-0.634878272-3.122118769-0.624423754由得到：这样，阻尼比为：序号12345/s1.5001.4991.4871.4901.498序号678910/s1.4971.4971.4951.4941.492由上表可得：角频率不确定度为：角频率为：下面将两个阻尼的局部振动参数的计算结果整理在表格中：名称阻尼1阻尼2二、受迫振动实验数据记录及处理测定受迫振动的幅频特性和相频特性曲线由于实验中途更换仪器，现直接给出实验二的 阻尼1表1阻尼1受迫振动振幅和相位关系对应表序号11.5145829.429.429.44.1500563460

8、.96763540321.4997339.939.939.94.1915845950.97731821231.4888650.050.050.04.2225707710.98454301141.4829759.559.459.454.2396661990.98852901551.47410670.170.070.054.2626765990.99389416561.46911080.480.480.44.2771853690.99727705971.46511290.190.190.14.2888636911.00000000081.46010999.899.999.854.303551581

9、.00342465791.455102110.3110.3110.34.3183404171.006872852101.44994120.2120.0120.14.3362217441.011042098111.44383129.3129.4129.354.3542517721.015246015121.44368140.2140.4140.34.3542517721.015246015131.41952150.0149.9149.954.4278966221.032417195阻尼2表2阻尼2受迫振动振幅和相位关系对应表序号11.5294630.430.230.34.1093429090.9

10、5814257721.5095740.040.240.14.1638073610.97084161731.4956750.450.450.44.2027995370.97993311041.4877459.659.559.554.2254104290.98520511151.4787970.370.470.354.2511402620.99120433061.4728279.880.079.94.2684682790.99524456571.4668390.590.590.54.2859381360.99931787281.4598199.9100.11004.3065012391.00411

11、240691.45376110.2110.1110.154.3242844511.008258775101.44671119.2119.1119.154.3452180551.013139696111.43662129.4129.4129.44.3754772331.020194986121.42452139.4139.4139.44.4123492331.028792135131.40540149.2149.1149.154.4720180121.042704626根据表1和表2的数据，借助MATLAB计算机仿真，得到受迫振动的幅频特性曲线如图1所示。同时，受迫振动的相频特性曲线如图2 所示

12、。图1受迫振动幅频特性曲线图2受迫振动相频特性曲线由图像得，与前面相符。下面逐点测相位差与由算值的相对偏差。阻尼1 ,表3阻尼1误差与参数关系表序号129.44.15005634623.41692-0.255502432239.94.19158459531.84448-0.252964407350.04.22257077142.45252-0.177786383459.454.23966619951.00687-0.165529271570.054.26267659966.74388-0.049534429680.44.27718536979.16857-0.015554531790.14.2

13、8886369190.00000-0.001111111899.854.303551580103.49020.0351743459110.34.318340417115.66990.04642435110120.14.336221744127.61750.05890649811129.354.354251772136.71620.05387949612140.34.354251772136.7162-0.02621342613149.954.427896622155.93300.038369043阻尼2 ,表四阻尼2误差与参数关系表序号130.34.10934290924.48479-0.23

14、7502956240.14.16380736133.35051-0.202380413350.44.20279953743.85588-0.149218759459.554.22541042952.57484-0.132671065570.354.25114026265.60277-0.072363255679.94.26846827976.24877-0.047885756790.54.28593813687.99366-0.02848318881004.306501239101.89780.0186245439110.154.324284451112.89230.02429129410119.154.345218055123.830.03779374911129.44.375477233135.74980.0467757612139.44.412349233145.54510.04222127713149.154.472018012155.03060.037931866附：原始数据记录表格. z.