英语句子结构分析.doc

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1、-1 主语：主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme)，是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。1名词作主语。如：A tree has fallen across the road. (一棵树倒下横在路上。)Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。)2代词用作主语。如：Youre not far wrong. (你差不多对了)。He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话，但没有引人发笑3数词用作主语。如：Three is enough. 三个就够了。Four

2、 from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。4名词化的形容词用作主语。The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行。5副词用作主语。如：Now is the time. 现在是时候了。Carefully does it. 小心就行。6名词化的介词作主语。如：The ups and downs of life must be taken as they e.我们必须承受人生之沉浮。7不定式用作主语。如：To find your way can be a proble

3、m.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。It would be nice to see him again.如能见到他，那将是一件愉快的事。8动名词用作主语。如：Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。Watching a film is pleasure, making one is hard work.看电影是乐事，制作影片则是苦事。9名词化的过去分词用作主语。如：The disabled are to receive more money.残疾人将得到更多的救济金。The deceased died of old age.死者死于年老。10. 介词短语用作主语。如：To B

4、eijing is not very far. 到不很远。From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.从到南泥湾要三个小时。11.从句用作主语。如: Whenever you are ready will be fine.你无论什么时候准备好都行。Because Sally wants to leave doesnt mean that we have to.不能说萨利要走因而我们也得走。12.句子用作主语。如：How do you do is a greeting.你好是一句问候语。二谓语谓语(predicate) 或谓

5、语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语助动词或情态动词主要动词构成。1由简单的动词构成。(1). What happened 发生了什么事？(2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天。(3). The plane took off at ten oclock. 飞机是十点起飞的。2由动词短语构成的谓语。(1). I am reading. 我在看书。(2). Whats been keeping you all this time 这半天你在干什么来着？(3). You can do it if you

6、 try hard. 你努力就可以做到。3英语常用*些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have, get, take, give 等。如：(1). I had a swim yesterday. 我昨天游了一次水had a swim 代替了swam(2). Take a look at that! 你看看那个！take a look 代替了 look(3). He gave a sigh. 他叹了口气。gave a sigh 代替了sighed(4). I got a good shake-up.我受到了很大的震动。a good shake-up 代

7、替了was shaken up thoroughly(充分，彻底的)三表语表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它也可以说是一种主语补语。它位于联系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表构造。在系表构造钟，联系动词只是形式上的谓语，二真正起谓语作用的则是表语。可以作表语的词有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。1The wedding was that Sunday. 婚礼是在那个星期天举行的。名词2So thats that. 就是这样。代词3We are seven. 我们一共7人。数词4Are you busy 你有空吗？形容词5Are you there

8、 你在听吗？用语副词Is anybody in 里面有人吗？副词6All I could do was to wait. 我只能等待。不定式My answer to his threat威胁 was to hit him on the nose.我对他的威胁的答复是照他的鼻子打去。不定式7plimenting赞美，祝贺 is lying. 恭维就是说谎。动名词Is that asking so much 这是要的高了吗？动名词8I was so much surprised at it. 我对此事感到很惊讶。过分Im very pleased with what he has done. 我对

9、他所做的很满意。过分9She is in good health. 她很安康。介词短语The show is from seven till ten. 演出时间为7点至10点。介词短语10Is that why you were angry 这就是你发怒的原因吗？从句11This is where I first met her. 这就是我初次与她会面的地方。从句补充：能做系动词的实义动词：e , go , run, turn ,get , bee , keep , stay , make (表变化的动词)fell，sound ,smell , look , taste 感观动词seem, a

10、ppear (似乎，好似)例如：1Our dream has e true. 我的梦想实现了。e后常加 easy ,loose natural 等2. He fell sick. 他病了。Keep fit.保重。Keep作为系动词还常接quiet ，calm ，cool， well， warm ，silent，clean，dry3The well ran dry. 这口井枯槁了。short , loose , wild , cold 等4A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is.一个瘦个子似乎比他的实际高度要高些。四宾语

11、宾语object在句中主要充当动作的承受者，因此一般皆置于及物动词之后。如：Our team beat all the others. 我们的球队打败了所有其他球队。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从句等。1Do you fancy a drink 你想喝一杯吗？名词2They wont hurt us. 他们不会伤害我们。代词3If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 5加5等于10。数词。4I shall do my possible. 我将尽力而为。名词化形容词5He left there last week.

12、他上个星期离开了那里。副词6Does she really mean to leave home 她真的要离开家吗？不定式7He never did the une*pected(想不到的，意外的).他从不做使人感到意外的事。名词化的分词8Do you understand what I mean 你明白我的意思吗？从句扩展：宾语中有些动词需要两个同等的宾语，即直接宾语(direct object)与间接宾语(indirect object)。直接宾语一般指动作的承受者，间接宾语指动作所向的或所为的人和物多指人，具有这种双宾语的及物动词叫做与格动词(dative verb), 常用的有：ans

13、wer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take 等，间接宾语一般须与直接宾语连用，通常放在直接宾语之前。如：I have found him a place. 我给他找到了一个职位。五补语补语plement是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补语subject plement,补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补语obje

14、ct plement.(1). 容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前，后有逗号。Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 我又累又困，就去睡了。有时可以置于主语之后，前后都有逗号，与非限定性定语相似。如：The man, cruel beyond belief, didnt listen to their pleadings.那人不可置疑地残酷，不听取他们的恳求。(2).可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等1.They named the child Jimmy. 他们将孩子命名为吉米。名词用作并与补语2.My mother looks so

15、young that you would think her my sister.我的母亲面很嫩，你会以为她是我的姐姐名词短语作宾语补语3. He boiled the egg hard. 她将鸡蛋煮老了。形容词用作宾语补语3.I found the book very interesting.我发现那本书很有趣。形容词短语用作宾补4.The rades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover.同志们要白求恩大夫隐蔽一下。不定式用作宾语补语5.I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙。动名作宾补6.Dont

16、take his kindness for granted.不要把他的友善看作是当然的事。六定语定语是用来说明名词代词的品质与特征的词或一组词。可用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等。1形容词用作定语是大量的。1. She is a natural musician. 她是一位天生的音乐家。2. He must be the best violinist alive.他一定是最好的在世的小提琴手了。后置定语2. 名词用作定语。如1. A baby girl 女婴2. well water 井水(3). Sports car 双座轻型汽车4.

17、 A fools paradise 梦幻的天堂2代词作定语。1. Your hair needs cutting. 你该理发了。物主代词用作定语2. Everybodys business is nobodys business. 人人负责就是无人负责。不定代词所有格作定语3数词作定语1. Theres only one way to do it. 做此事只有一法。2. Do it now, you may not get a second chance.现在就干吧，你可能再没有时机了。基数词用作后置定语： page 24 Room 201 the year 19494. 副词充当定语时常后置

18、，如：the room above 楼上的房间 the world today 今日世界the way out 出路 a day off 休息日5不定式用作定语1. Her promise to write was forgotten.她忘记了容许写信的事。2. Thats the way to do it.那正是做此事的方法。6动名词用作定语.A walking stick 拐杖 sleeping pills 安眠药eating implements 吃饭用具 learning method 学习方法7分词充当定语a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩 a drinking man

19、 嗜酒者a retired worker 一个退休工人 a faded flower 一朵了的花7介词短语用作定语。1. This is a map of China. 这是一幅中国地图。2. The wild look in his eyes spoke plainer than words.他那凶暴的目光说明得再清楚不过了。8从句用作定语，即定语从句The car thats parked outside is mine.停在外面的车是我的。Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one.我在外面看见你的汽车了，

20、它给另一辆车撞了。七同谓语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同谓语appositive.这两个句子成分多由名词代词担任，同谓语通常皆放在其说明的名词代词之后。1名词用作同谓语是大量的。1. We have two children, a boy and a girl.我们有两个孩子，一男一女。2We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. 我们中国人民决心将中国建成一个强大的繁荣的国家

21、。2代词用作同谓语。1。They all wanted to see him. 他们都想见他。2。Lets you and me go to work, Oliver. 咱们俩去工作吧。3数词用作同谓语。1。Are you two ready你们俩准备好了吗？2。They two went, we three stayed behind.他们俩去了，我们三个留了下来。4不定式与动名词用作同谓语。1。Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition.他们最近提出了集中全

22、力于初等教育的提议遭到了*些人的反对。2。The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.第一个方案是夜袭，被拒绝了。5Of 短语用作同谓语The city of Rome 罗马城 the art of writing 写作艺术The vice of smoking 吸烟嗜好6从句用同谓语，即同谓语重句1。The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.明天放假的消息不确。2。We are not investigating the question whether h

23、e is trustworthy.我们不是在调查他是否可信赖的问题。八状语状语adverbial是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。如：1The girl is improving remarkably. 这个女孩大有进步。2可用作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。1。副词最常用作状语，位置比拟灵活，可置句末、句首和句中。He speaks the language badly but read it well.这种语言，他讲得不好，但阅读能力很强。Naturally we e*pect hotel guests to lock their doo

24、rs.当我们期望旅馆的旅客把房门锁上。3状语按用途来分，可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等1。时间状语，多位于句末和句首，有时亦可置于句中Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrowIn China now leads the world.(2).地点状语，多置于句末，有时也位于句首和句中。There are plenty of fish in the sea.She kissed her mother on the platform(月台).3。原因状语，包括表理由的状语，多置于句末，有时亦可置于句首。Becau

25、se he was ill ,Tom lost his job.I eat potatoes because I like them.(4). 结果状语，多由不定式、分词和从句表示，常位于句末。She woke(醒) suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway.She spoke so softly that I couldnt hear what she said.(5). 目的状语，多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表示，常位于句末，强调时可以置于句首。He ran for shelter(隐蔽处).他跑去避雨。In order to get

26、 into a good school, I must study even harder.(6). 条件状语。多由短语和从句表示，常置于句末和句首。Well be lucky to get there before dark.If he were to e, what should we say to him(7). 让步状语，由短语和从句表示，常置于句末和句首。For all his money, he didnt seem happy. 他尽管有钱，但似乎并不幸福。He helped me although he didnt know me.(8).程度状语。常由副词、介词短语及从句等表

27、示。The lecture is very interesting.To what e*tent would you trust them 你对他们信任程度如何？9。伴随状语，常由短语和独立主格等表示。对位于句末和句首。My train starts at si*, arriving at Chicago at ten.He stood there ,pipe(烟斗) in mouth.英语句子成分讲解一、主语subject:句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a shor

28、t time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)二、谓语predicate:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。We study English.He is asleep.三、表语predicative:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teach

29、er. (名词)Seventy-four! You dont look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)To wear a flower is to say Im poor, I cant buy a ring. (不定式)The question is whether they will e. (表语从句)常见的系动词有:

30、 be, sound(听起来)，look(看起来)， feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来)， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感觉) .It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.oh100./a/201201/42986.htmlThe food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.三、宾语：1)动作的承受者动宾I

31、 like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need We need two. (数词)We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾Are you afraid of the snakeUnder the snow, there are many rocks.3) 双宾语间宾(指人

32、)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor. (名词)We all think it a pity that she didnt e here. (名)We will make them happy. (形容词)We found nobody in. (副词)Please make yourself at home. (介词短语)Dont let him do that. (省to不定式)His father advise

33、d him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)本文来源于百分网.oh100./，请保存此标记，！Dont keep the lights burning. (现在分词)Ill have my bike repaired. (过去分词)五、主补：对主语的补充。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the ne*t room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. .oh100.六、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Ai Yanli

34、ng is a chemistry teacher.(名词)He is our friend. (代词)We belong to the third world. (数词)He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Cla2. (现在分词)The trees planted last yea

35、r are growing well now. (过去分词)I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)七、状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。(以下例句按上述顺序排列) I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He st

36、udies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the e*am.I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pathe e*am.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.英语句子成分分析相关练习分析以下句子的句子构造1. we are working.。2. I can swim very well.3. The waiter broug

37、ht a bottle of beer to me.4. Why does the wind blow.5. The rain has been pulling down for a whole day.6. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.7. Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone.8. You must get the car ready by tomorrow.9. I have a lot of clothes to wash.10. He gave his son some ad

38、vice on reading.11. Read me the first paragraph.12. Ive ordered some soup for you.13. He began leaning English ten years ago.14. My being late worried my teacher.15. The president himself would visit our school.16. April foolDay is the special day of the year17. He usually takes a nap after lunch.18

39、. I got it back at once.19. He finished lunch and went into the garden.20. The telephonerang.21. We study hard.22. His father might have died.23. Will you leave the door open/ unclosed24. Can you make the dog stand still25. The landlord had them working day and night.26. A sound knowledge of grammar

40、 is important to good writing.27. We all breathe, eat, and drink.28. I woke up at 6:00 in the morning.29. The book weighs five kilos.30. They will be flying to London.综合练习一答案分析以下句子的句子构造1.Weareworking.我们在工作。主系表2.Icanswimverywell.我游泳泳地很好。主谓3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.那个使者给我了一瓶啤酒。主谓双宾/主谓宾状4.Why

41、doesthewindblow风为什么会吹？主谓5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.雨已经下了一整天了。主谓6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.汤姆和杰克都喜欢乡村音乐。主谓宾7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone.吉姆请我把他的最好的祝愿带给每个人。主谓宾补8.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.到明天为止你一定要把小车准备好。主谓宾补9.Ihavealotofclothestowash.我有许多的衣服需要洗。主谓宾，towash做clothe

42、s的定语10.Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading.他在阅读方面给了他的儿子一些建议。主谓双宾11.Readmethefirstparagraph.给我读第一段。主谓双宾12.Iveorderedsomesoupforyou.我已经为你要了一些汤。主谓双宾/主谓宾状13.HebeganleaningEnglishtenyearsago.十年前他开场学英语。主谓宾14.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher.我的迟到让我的教师很担忧。主谓宾，动名词短语Mybeinglate做主语15.Thepresidenthimselfwouldvisitoursch

43、ool.总统将亲自参观我们的学校。主谓宾16.AprilfoolDayisthespecialdayoftheyear愚人节是一年中很特别的一天。主系表17.Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch.他通常在午饭之后要小睡一会儿。主谓宾18.Igotitbackatonce.我马上把它取回。主谓宾19.Hefinishedlunchandwentintothegarden.他吃完午饭后去了花园。主+并列谓语20.Thetelephonerang.响了。主谓21.Westudyhard.我们努力学习。主谓22.Hisfathermighthavedied.他的父亲可能已经去世了。

44、主谓23.Willyouleavethedooropen/unclosed你要把门开着？主谓宾补24.Canyoumakethedogstandstill你能让那只狗站着不动吗？主谓宾补25.Thelandlordhadthemworkingdayandnight.地主让他们整天工作，主谓宾补26.Asoundknowledgeofgrammarisimportanttogoodwriting.扎实的语法知识对于写作是重要的。主系表27.Weallbreathe,eat，anddrink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。主谓28.Iwokeupat6:00inthemorning。我在早上6点钟起床。

45、主谓29.Thebookweighsfivekilos.那本书重达10斤。主谓，fivekilos做状语30.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.他们将飞往伦敦。主谓宾综合练习二E*ercises:分析以下句子的句子构造31.Theshopassistantfoundsomecertainmaterialsforme.32.HepromisedmeanewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.33.Pleasepassanewly-publishedtome.34.HelivedinGuangZhou.35.Thefatherisshowingtheboyhowtoplanttrees.36.Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.37.ShehastaughtusEnglishfor3years.38.Ilikepopularmusic.39.Sheknowswhattodone*t.40.Ihatearrivin