2024剑桥雅思讲义Fundamentals_sentence_structure_document.docx

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1、IELTST1 ADVANTAGEFundamentals:PartSofSPeeCh SimpleSentences CompoundSentences CoordinatingConjunctions(FANBOYS) ComplexSentences Compound-ComplexSentencesWhatisasimplesentence? Asimplesentencecontainsonlyoneindependentclause. AsimplesentencecanhaveonlyonesubjectForexample:Applemakeshigh-endcomputers

2、. Ortheycancontainmultiplesubjects.Forexample:AppleandSamsunghavealargeshareofthesmartphonemarket TheydonotrequireanobjectasbngasthesentencemakesacompletethoughtForexample:Hestudies. TheycanhaveoneormoreobjectsForexample:Hestudiesmaths.0RHestudiesmathsandscience. Theycanhaveoneormoreverbs.Forexample

3、:Heswimseveryday.ORHeswimsandunsatschool Theycancontainprepositionalphrases.Forexample:Hestudiesmathsandscienceonhisown. Simplesentencecanalsohaveacombinationofalloftheabove.Forexample:RainforestsandtheoceansarehometomanyinterestingcreaturesandarcessentialformaintainingourEartKsecosystems.Whatisacom

4、poundsentence? Compoundsentencescontainatleast2independentclauses. Theseindependentclausesmustbejoinedtogetherb、cithciaQ三三andajesreferredtoasFANB0YS)OtT)VUmicolonpetty crimes haveForexample:Seriouscrimeshavedecreasedovertheperiodjincreased.Or:Seriouscrimeshavedecreasedovertheperiodpettycrimeshaveinc

5、reased.(Note:bothclauseshavetheirownsubjectIfaclausedoesnothaveasubjectitisnotanindependentclause.)Forexample:BitcoinhasbeenunpredictableandveryprofitableforsomepeopleTheabovesentenceisnotacompoundsentencebecausethereisonlyonesubject,and,therefore,wedonotneedacommabeforetheand.Whatisacoordinatingcon

6、junction? Coordinatingconjunctionsconnectideasofequalgrammaticalimportanceinasentence.Inparticular,theyconnectindependentclausesandwhentheydo,theyshouldbeprecededbyacomma.TheyaresometimesreferredtoasFANBOYS. Theyareasfollows:For,And,NoBut,Or,Yet,So YoushouldNOTstartasentencewithacoordinatingconjunct

7、ion.Whatisacomplexsentence? Acomplexsentencejoinsatleastonedependentclauseandatleastoneindependentclausetocreateawholeidea Thecorrectuseofcomplexsentencesisessentialtogainaboveaband5forthegrammarsectionofyourwriting. Whenthedependentclausecomesfirst,theyshouldbeseparatedbyacomma.Forexample:Despiteth

8、ecoldweather;hewentswimming. Whentheindependentclausecomcsfirst,thereisnocommaseparatingthem.Forexample:HewentswimmingdespitethecoldweatherWhatisacompound-complexsentence? Asthenamesuggests,thisisacombinationofacompoundandcomplexsentence.Itmustcontainatleast2independentclausesandatleastonedependentc

9、lause.Forexample:Whenthepandemicstarted,manypeopledidnotthinkitwouldaffectthem,sotheydidHttakeitseriously; MakesuretocorrectlyusepunctuationinthesesentencessoasnottoconfusethereaderYouur11lnoticethatthecompoundsentenceabovecontainsacoordinatingconjunctionprecededbyacommaasusual Tnthefollowingexamplenoticehowthepunctuationchangesiftheclauseorderischanged.Eorexample:Manypeopledidnotthinkitwouldaffectthem,sotheyCiidHttakeitseriouslywhenthepandemicstarted.(Tip!Dorltmakeyourcompound-complexsentencestlong,oritgetsveryconfusingforthereader;4clausesshouldbeanabsolutemaximuwhenconstructingasentence.)